Cunoniaceae, nuevo registro de familia de plantas hospederas para los géneros altoandinos Penaincisalia y Micandra (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini) / Cunoniaceae, new family food plant record for the high altitude Andean genera Penaincisalia and Micandra (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini)

Resumen Orugas de dos especies altoandinas de Eumaeini (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) fueron halladas consumiendo hojas de Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav., 1802 (Cunoniaceae). La colecta se realizó usando la técnica de colecta por golpeo. Esta familia de plantas es registrada por primera vez como planta alimenticia de los Eumaeini. Aunque no pudimos completar la crianza, las especies de Lycaenidae fueron identificadas mediante sus códigos de barra de ADN. Las orugas de Penaincisalia purpurea (K. Johnson, 1992) y Micandra dignota (Draudt, 1919) se describen e ilustran por primera vez. También se presentan datos sobre su ecología y relaciones con especies similares. Una tercera especie, registrada en estadio pupal en la misma planta de W. crassifolia fue un Nymphalidae, Perisama diotima (Hewitson, 1852).

Abstract Caterpillars of two Andean species of Eumaeini (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) were found eating leaves of Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav., 1802 (Cunoniaceae). They were collected by "beating" the leaves. This plant family is reported for the first time as a food plant for Eumaeini. Although it was not possible to rear the caterpillars to the adult stage, we identified them using DNA barcodes. The caterpillars of Penaincisalia purpurea (K. Johnson, 1992) and Micandra dignota (Draudt, 1919) are described and illustrated for the first time. Data on their ecology and relationships with similar species are also presented. A third species collected on the same plant of W. crassifolia in the pupal stage was a Nymphalidae, Perisama diotima (Hewitson, 1852).

Description of a new and highly distinctive genus and species of Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Brazilian southern Amazon

ABSTRACT A new genus and species of Euptychiina (Satyrinae), Cristalinaia vitoria Mota, Zacca & Freitas gen. et sp. nov., is described based on three specimens collected in the region of the Cristalino River, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. This rare species is known only from this region, where it flies inside the dense bamboo patches typical of that area. The last instar larva and the pupa are described; the larva was observed feeding on mature leaves of the common bamboo Guadua aff. paniculata Munro.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D61EDE8D-CAE9-41C6-B24D-BB789873566E

Larva, pupa and DNA barcodes of the Neotropical geometrid moth Glena mielkei (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini)

ABSTRACT Glena mielkei Vargas, 2010 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) is a Neotropical geometrid moth native to the Atacama Desert of northern Chile whose larvae are folivorous on the shrub Trixis cacalioides (Asteraecae). The last instar and pupa are described and illustrated, and DNA barcode sequences are provided for the first time for G. mielkei. Descriptions are made based on larvae collected in the type locality. Comparisons with the available descriptions of congeneric species suggest that the chaetotaxy of the SV group of the abdominal segment and the morphology of the cremaster could be useful tools to species identification based on last instar and pupa, respectively. A search in BOLD (Barcode of Life Data System) showed that the only DNA barcode haplotype found in the two specimens sequenced was closest to Physocleora Warren, 1897 than Glena Hulst, 1896. These results coincide with the morphological peculiarities of the genitalia highlighted in the original description of G. mielkei, suggesting that a definitive assessment of the generic status of this geometrid moth deserves further integrative studies.

A new species of Actinote Hübner (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Acraeini) from southeast Brazil

Abstract The present paper describes a new species of Actinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) from southeastern Brazil, and describes the morphology of the adults and immature stages of this species. Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. occurs in the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar in the Atlantic Forest. Adults from this population are very similar to other species of the "orangish red mimicry complex", including Actinote alalia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860), its sister species, restricted to the mountains of southern Brazil. Actinote mantiqueira sp. nov. and A. alalia are distinguishable by wing pattern, male genitalia and larval morphology, and have strongly allopatric distributions. A redescription of Actinote alalia is also provided.

Redescription of the adult male and description of the puparium of Hirmoneuropsis luctuosa (Philippi) (Diptera, Nemestrinidae) from central Chile

ABSTRACT The male of Hirmoneuropsis luctuosa (Philippi, 1865) is redescribed and the puparium is described and illustrated for the first time. Hirmoneuropsis luctuosa is compared with other species of the genus. Illustrations of diagnostic characters of the male and pupa are also provided.

Biology and description of immature stages of Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae: Cetoniinae) / Biologia e descrição dos estágios imaturos de Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae: Cetoniinae)

Abstract Larvae, pupae and adults of Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae: Cetoniinae) were collected in the municipality of Rochedo, Mato Grosso do Sul State. Studies on biology and morphology were conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Females of couples formed in the laboratory oviposited and allowed the biology studies. The eggs lasted for 15.5 days. Larvae of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars lasted 13.5, 30.6 and 113.1 days, respectively. The pupal period lasted 12.8 days. The egg-to-adult period lasts 186.8 days. The larvae fed on decomposing feces of poultry. In the laboratory, adults fed on ripe banana (Musa sp.) (Musaceae). Descriptions of the 3rd larval instar and pupa of G. rufilateris are presented. A key to known larvae of Gymnetis is also included.

Resumo Larvas, pupas e adultos de Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae: Cetoniinae) foram coletados em Rochedo, MS. Estudos sobre a biologia e morfologia foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul em Aquidauana, MS. Fêmeas de casais formados em laboratório ovipositaram e foram iniciados os estudos de biologia. O período embrionário dura 15,5 dias. As larvas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares duram 13,5, 30,6 e 113,1 dias, respectivamente. O período pupal dura 12,8 dias. O período de ovo a adulto completa-se em 186,8 dias. As larvas se alimentam de fezes de aves em decomposição. Em laboratório, os adultos foram alimentados com pedaços de banana (Musa sp.) (Musaceae) madura. As descrições da larva de terceiro instar e pupa de G. rufilateris são apresentadas. Uma chave para larvas de Gymnetis conhecidas também está incluída.

Evaluación de la actividad biológica de extractos de semillas de Crotalaria pallida (cascabelito) sobre el modelo Drosophila melanogaster / Evaluation of the biological activity of extracts from Crotalaria pallida (streaked rattlepod) seeds using the Drosophila melanogaster model

Introducción: la búsqueda de metabolitos de origen natural, con actividad biológica promisoria, particularmente la actividad insecticida, es un blanco interesante en las investigaciones sobre productos naturales. Objetivos: evaluar la bioactividad de extractos de diferente polaridad de semillas de Crotalaria pallida Aiton sobre el modelo biológico Drosophila melanogaster. Métodos: la bioactividad de los extractos de diferente polaridad de semillas secas de C. pallida se evalúo por ingestión en el modelo biológico; permitiendo purificar y determinar la estructura química del principio activo usando RMN. Resultados: la bioactividad expresada resultó de dos tipos; uno causó la inhibición de los estados larvarios, evidenciada con la disminución del número de pupas de los tratamientos con respecto a los controles no tratados, la relación dosis-respuesta permitió calcular una CI 50 de 156,47 ppm; el otro efecto inhibió el paso pupa-adulto, disminuyendo el número de adultos de los tratamientos frente a los controles, estableciéndose una CI50 de 7,95 ppm. Con el uso de diferentes ensayos de RMN se determinó el alcaloide usaramina como responsable de esta actividad biológica. Conclusiones : la bioactividad de los extractos de polaridad media/baja permitió el aislamiento de un metabolito con actividad insecticida promisoria, manifestada con la inhibición del normal desarrollo del ciclo de vida de D. melanogaster, el extracto no exhibe actividad sobre la oviposición, en el intervalo de concentraciones evaluado; a bajas concentraciones inhibe la eclosión de pupas y a altas concentraciones afecta el desarrollo de las larvas; actividades que se mantienen al probar el metabolito purificado.

Introduction: the search for metabolites of natural origin with promising biological -particularly insecticidal- activity, is an interesting target for research about natural products. Objectives: evaluate the bioactivity of extracts of varying polarity from Crotalaria pallida Aiton seeds using the Drosophila melanogaster biological model. Methods: an evaluation was conducted of the bioactivity of extracts of varying polarity from dry C. pallida seeds by ingestion into the biological model, with the purpose of purifying and determining the chemical structure of the active principle through NMR spectroscopy. Results: two types of bioactivity were expressed. One caused inhibition of larval stages, evidenced in a smaller number of pupae in treatment controls with respect to non-treatment controls. The dose-response relationship allowed estimation of a CI50 of 156.47 ppm. The other effect inhibited progress from pupa to adult, reducing the number of adults in the treatment vs. control groups, with an CI50 of 7.95 ppm. With the use of various NMR assays, it was determined that the alkaloid usaramine was responsible for this biological activity. Conclusions: the bioactivity of extracts of medium / low polarity permitted the isolation of a metabolite with promising insecticidal activity, manifested in the inhibition of the normal development of the life cycle of D. melanogaster. The extract does not show any activity on oviposition in the concentration range studied. At low concentrations it inhibits the eclosion of pupae, whereas at high concentrations it affects larval development. Both activities remained when the purified metabolite was tested.

Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): A flesh fly species of medical importance

BACKGROUND: Although tropical climate of Thailand is suitably endowed with biodiversity of insects, flies of medical importance is not well investigated. Using information from literature search, fly survey approach and specialist's experience, we review database of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux Thomson (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), one of the priorities flesh fly species of medical importance in Thailand. RESULTS: This review deals with morphology, bionomics and medical involvement. Important morphological characteristics of egg, larva, puparia and adult were highlighted with illustration and/or micrographs. Search pertaining to molecular analysis used for fly identification and developmental rate of larvae were included. Medical involvement of larvae was not only myiasis-producing agent in humans and animals, but associated with human death investigations. CONCLUSIONS: This information will enable us to accurate identify this species and to emphasis the increase medically important scene in Thailand.

Description of the larva and pupal case of Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot (Diptera, Asilidae, Ommatiinae) / Descrição da larva e pupa de Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot (Diptera, Asilidae, Ommatiinae)

Description of the larva and pupal case of Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot (Diptera, Asilidae, Ommatiinae). The last instar larva and the pupal case of Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot, 1896 from a Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) area in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, are for the first time described and illustrated.

Larva de último instar e pupário de Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot, 1896 de uma área de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo são, pela primeira vez, descritas e ilustradas.

Aspectos bionômicos da vespa social Neotropical Polistes canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) / Bionomics aspects of the Neotropical social wasp Polistes canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Aspectos bionômicos da vespa social Neotropical Polistes canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar alguns aspectos bionômicos da vespa social neotropical Polistes canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758). Vinte e seis colônias foram acompanhadas entre abril de 2004 e julho de 2006, no município de Mundo Novo, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo sugerem que o padrão fenológico de Polistes canadensis canadensis é assincrônico nessa região, com fundações e abandonos podendo ocorrer o ano todo. A duração média dos estágios imaturos foi diferente entre as estações climáticas fria-seca e úmida-quente. Diferentes substratos foram escolhidos para nidificação, contudo em ambientes que forneceram condições físicas mais homogêneas durante o dia foram encontradas as maiores freqüências de sucesso. Colônias nessa espécie são fundadas por haplometrose ou pleometrose, no entanto, o sucesso tem sido maior para colônias pleometróticas.

Certain aspects of the bionomics of the Neotropical social wasp Polistes canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied. Twenty-six colonies were observed from April 2004 through July 2006, in the municipal district of Mundo Novo, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-Brazil. The results suggest that the colony phenological pattern of this species is asynchronous, and colonies may be founded or abandoned at any time of the year. The mean duration of the immature stages differed between the cold-dry and warm-rainy seasons. Colonies were founded on several different kinds of substrates, but were more successful in environments that provided more-homogeneous physical conditions during the day. Colonies in this species are founded by haplometrosis or pleometrosis, and pleometrotic colonies were more successful.

First description of the immature stages of Hemilucilia segmentaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The immature stages oí Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are described. Egg morphology and structures such as the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior and posterior spiracles, and the dorsal spines between the prothorax and mesothorax from first, second and third instar larvae are characterized, using light and scanning electron microscopy. This species is abundant in Neotropical forests and, because of its necrophagous behavior, is of substantial medico-legal importance for estimating the postmortem interval in criminal investigations. Information presented herein may be useful to differentiate among eggs and larvae of closely related species and to supplement the database for blowfly identification.

The immature stages of Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1842 and Phoracantha semipunctata Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and a key to larvae of these species

The description of the last instar larva and pupa of Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1842 and the redescription of the immature stages of Phoracantha semipunctata Fabricius, 1775 showing new characters of possible diagnostic value are presented in this work. A key of identification of both species based on these characters is also given.

O presente trabalho se refere à descrição do último ínstar larval e da pupa do Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1842, e à redescrição dos ínstares imaturos do Phoracantha semipunctata Fabricius, 1775, com base em novos caracteres morfológicos úteis para identificação das espécies. Além de apresentar uma chave para a identificação de larvas dessas espécies.