Confección de prótesis de carga inmediata mediante barras articuladas: componentes, modo de uso y longitud de la barra en función de la localización / Fabrication of immediately loaded prostheses using articulated bars: components, method of use and bar length depending on the location

En la implantología actual, la confección de prótesis de carga inmediata se ha convertido en un procedi-miento de rutina. Contar con elementos pre-formados con un correcto ajuste al implante o transepitelial so-bre el que se trabaja, minimiza el tiempo de trabajo sin renunciar a la eficiencia. En el presente trabajo se muestran elementos preformados articulados para la realización de prótesis de carga inmediata y su forma de uso, así como un análisis biomecánico de las estructuras para conocer su repercusión en las distintas fuerzas recibidas durante la masticación. Resultados: Al aplicar la carga en la zona central de la barra (paralela a los implantes), la tensión máxima recibida en la zona correspondiente al extremo de la barra sufre variaciones importantes, desde 128 Mpa en la longitud de 13 mm hasta un máximo de 391 Mpa (megapascales) en la longitud de 5 mm, siendo la ten-sión máxima, media para todas las medidas, de 242 Mpa (+/-96,76). En el ensayo de las diferentes medi-das de la barra se observa también una tensión cre-ciente para longitudes de barra a partir de 7 mm, al aplicar la tensión en la zona media de la estructura, por lo que longitudes entre 5 y 7 mm pueden consi-derarse prácticamente con la misma distribución de tensiones hacia los extremos y en la zona de unión. En conclusión, las barras articuladas son un elemento de confección de prótesis provisionales de carga in-mediata de gran utilidad, que pueden confeccionarse de forma rápida y generan un comportamiento bio-mecánico predecible (AU)

In current implantology, the fabrication of immediately loaded prostheses has become a routine procedure. Being able to have pre-formed elements with a correct fit to the implant or transepithelial on which we are working minimizes working time without sacrificing efficiency. Material and methods: We show articulated preformed elements for immediate loading prostheses and how they are used, as well as a biomechanical analysis of the structures to determine their repercussion on the different forces received during mastication. Results: When the load is applied in the central area of the bar (parallel to the implants) the maximum stress received in the area corresponding to the end of the bar undergoes significant variations, from 128 Mpa in the 13 mm length to a maximum of 391 Mpa in the 5 mm length, the average maximum stress for all the measurements being 242 Mpa (+/-96.76). In the test of the different bar sizes we can also observe an increasing stress for bar lengths from 7 mm onwards when applying the stress in the middle zone of the structure, so that lengths between 5 and 7 mm can be considered to have practically the same stress distribution towards the ends and in the joint zone. Conclusions: Hinged bars are a very useful fabrication element for immediately loaded provisional prostheses, which can be fabricated quickly and generate a predictable biomechanical behavior (AU)

Immediate orthodontic load on dental implants: an option for adult treatment

ABSTRACT The demand for orthodontic treatment in adults has been increasing. However, these patients often require a multidisciplinary approach, due to the lack of posterior teeth, requiring additional anchorage. The skeletal anchorage by endosseous implants is an option, since they may be used later for prosthetic rehabilitation. The application of immediate load on these appliances for orthodontic movement may reduce the costs and total treatment time. This paper discusses the utilization of endosseous dental implants with immediate load for absolute anchorage for orthodontic movement, with later utilization for prosthetic rehabilitation.

RESUMO A demanda por tratamento ortodôntico em pacientes adultos tem sido cada vez maior. Entretanto, esses pacientes frequentemente exigem um tratamento multidisciplinar, devido às ausências de dentes posteriores, necessitando de ancoragem adicional. A ancoragem esquelética usando implantes osseointegrados apresenta-se como alternativa, uma vez que eles serão posteriormente utilizados para reabilitação protética. A aplicação de carga imediata sobre esses dispositivos, para movimentação ortodôntica, pode reduzir custos e o tempo total de tratamento. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o emprego de implante dentário osseointegrado, com carga imediata, como ancoragem absoluta para movimentação ortodôntica e, posteriormente, utilizado para reabilitação protética.

Implante transalveolar inmediato ante reabsorción dentinaria interna / Immediate transalveolar implant as an effective solution for internal tooth resorption

Introducción: Dentro del marco de su actividad profesional el estomatólogo se enfrenta a diversas afecciones como la reabsorción radicular interna, cuyos casos avanzados pueden complicar el pronóstico del tratamiento endodóntico, debido al debilitamiento de la estructura dental remanente y las posibles afectaciones periodontales. Debido a que la boca está localizada en uno de los puntos focales de la cara, cualquier alteración en la apariencia estética puede provocar implicaciones psicológicas que pueden ir desde una simple forma de esconder el defecto hasta la más grande introversión. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico de reabsorción dentaria interna resuelto con implante postextractivo de carga inmediata. Presentación de caso: Paciente femenina de 31 años con reabsorción dental interna de incisivo central superior. Se llevó a cabo un adecuado diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento del caso, colocándose un implante transalveolar cargado de forma inmediata y la rehabilitación definitiva metalcerámica una vez concluida la fase de osteointegración. Conclusiones: Se consiguió una rehabilitación estética, funcional y biomecánicamente estable a largo plazo, que coincide con las expectativas del paciente, lo cual demuestra que cuando se cumplan los requisitos adecuados y la planificación sea exhaustiva, la implantología ofrece el tratamiento más avanzado en casos en que es inminente la extracción dental(AU)

Introduction: In their daily professional practice dentists are faced with a variety of conditions. An example is internal root resorption, the advanced stage of which may complicate the prognosis of dental treatment, due to the weakening of the remnant dental structure and the potential appearance of periodontal disease. Because the mouth is located in one of the focal points of the face, any alteration of its esthetic appearance may result in psychological disorders ranging from a simple attempt to mask the defect to the greatest introversion. Objective: Present a clinical case of internal tooth resorption solved with a post-extraction immediate load implant. Case presentation: A female 31-year-old patient presents with internal tooth resorption of the maxillary central incisor. Appropriate diagnosis was performed and a treatment plan devised, consisting in immediate placement of a transalveolar implant and definitive metal-ceramic rehabilitation upon completion of the osseointegration stage. Conclusions: Stable long-term esthetic, functional and biomechanical rehabilitation was achieved which met the patient's expectations. This result shows that when the established requirements are complied with and exhaustive planning is performed, implantology offers the most advanced treatment when dental extraction is imminent(AU)

Evolución de pacientes rehabilitados con implantes mediatos unitarios de carga inmediata temprana de tipo Leader Implus / Progress of patients rehabilitated with Leader Implus single nonimmediate implants of early immediate load

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo para describir la evolución de los 86 pacientes tratados con 99 implantes mediatos unitarios de carga inmediata temprana (marca Leader Implus), colocados sobre hueso cicatrizado en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período comprendido desde febrero de 2014 hasta septiembre de 2015. En la casuística predominaron las féminas de 40-49 y 30-39 años de edad. La región anatómica más implantada fue el maxilar en la zona anterior, en tanto los criterios más desfavorables resultaron ser: la higiene bucal inadecuada, la dimensión seleccionada del implante y el incumplimiento de las indicaciones estomatológicas. La evolución de los integrantes de la serie se evaluó como satisfactoria en 86,1 por ciento del total

A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study to describe the progress of the 86 patients treated with 99 single nonimmediate implants of early immediate load (Leader Implus), placed on healed bone in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during February, 2014 to September, 2015. In the case material there was a prevalence of the females aged 40-49 and 30-39. The most implanted anatomical region was the anterior maxillar, as long as the most unfavorable approaches were: the inadequate oral hygiene, the selected dimension of the implant and the nonfulfillment of the stomatological indications. The clinical course of the members of the series was evaluated as satisfactory in 86.1 percent of the total

The impact of oral rehabilitation on quality of life by installing a fixed prosthesis with immediate loading in edentulous mandibles / O impacto da reabiliação bucal na qualidade de vida através da instalação de prótese implanto-suportada sob carga imediata em mandíbulas edêntulas

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o impacto da reabilitação bucal na qualidade de vida através da instalação de prótese implanto-suportada sob carga imediata em mandíbulas edêntulas. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal de base ambulatorial reunindo 14 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, atendidos nos cursos de especialização em Implantodontia da Associação Brasileira de Odontologia (Juiz de Fora) e da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFJF. Os participantes foram entrevistados sobre dados de identificação, auto percepção de saúde geral e saúde bucal e dados socioeconômicos. Foi utilizado o Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Após o teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov os valores de tendência central do OHIP-14 foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon pareado com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A pontuação média do questionário de qualidade de vida foi 30,14 (antes) e 48,93 (depois). Houve redução significativa do impacto em todos os domínios no período pós cirúrgico, exceto na limitação funcional que se manteve inalterada. Não foi identificado impacto das dimensões dor física e deficiência pós a instalação de implantes. Conclusão: A reabilitação protética e autopercepção são impactantes na saúde bucal, por isso vale ressaltar a necessidade do cuidado, da observação criteriosa de todos os fatores que possuem influência sob as enfermidades, e não somente aos seus sinais e sintomas. (AU)

Objective: This study assessed the impact of oral rehabilitation with immediate-loading fixed prostheses on the quality of life of patients with mandibular edentulism. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on an outpatient basis. The sample included 14 patients over 18 years of age, treated in the Implantology Specialization programs of the Brazilian Dental Association (in Juiz de Fora, Brazil) and the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Participants were interviewed about identification data, self-perceived general health and oral health, and socioeconomic data. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used. After the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the OHIP-14 central tendency values were compared using the Wilcoxon paired test with a 5% significance level. Results: The overall mean found for the quality of life questionnaire was 30.14 (before) and 48.93 (after). There was a significant reduction of impact in all areas in the post-surgical period, except for functional limitation. No impact was identified for the dimensions of physical pain and disability after installing implants. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation and self-perception have high impact on oral health, thus emphasizing the need for care, careful observation of all the factors that may have an influence on infirmities, and not only their signs and symptoms.(AU)

Evolución de pacientes con sobredentadura e implantología con carga inmediata / Progress of patients with overdenture and immediate load implant

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente "Mártires del Moncada" de Santiago de Cuba en el período comprendido desde septiembre de 2010 hasta julio de 2012, a fin de evaluar la evolución de 17 pacientes tratados con implantes roscados marca MIS, con abutmen o atache de bola, cargados inmediatamente, para lo cual se convirtió la misma prótesis que portaban en una sobredentadura mandibular soportada en la mucosa y retenida por el implante, pues su aparato protésico convencional carecía de la funcionalidad deseada. La rehabilitación con ese tipo de sobredentadura fue efectiva en aquellos pacientes con problemas en los principios biomecánicos de retención y estabilidad, así como también en los que presentaban una buena disponibilidad de hueso y en los que se colocaron implantes de mayor longitud, todos los cuales respondieron mejor al tratamiento; por consiguiente, se elevó su calidad de vida al proporcionarles confort y seguridad con el uso de su aparato protésico.

A descriptive longitudinal and prospective study was conducted in "Martires del Moncada" Provincial School of Dentistry of Santiago de Cuba from September 2010 to July 2012 in order to evaluate the progress of 17 patients treated with threaded implants MIS, abutmen or ball attachment, immediately loaded, for which the same prosthesis became a mandibular overdenture supported on the mucosa and retained by the implant, because their conventional prosthetic device lacked the desired functionality. The rehabilitation with this type of overdenture was effective in those patients with compromised biomechanical principles of retention and stability, as well as in those having a good bone availability and in those with greater length implants, thus responding better to treatment. Therefore, their quality of life increased by providing comfort and safety with the use of this prosthetic device.

Implantes de carga inmediata con rehabilitación protésica implantosoportada en zona anterior: Presentación de un caso clínico / Immediate load implants with prosthetic rehabilitation supported by implants in the anterior area: Clinical case presentation

Una de las opciones de tratamiento para los pacientes que requieren el reemplazo de uno o varios dientes, es el uso de prótesis implantosoportadas como una alternativa de tratamiento. Una mayor demanda tanto estética como funcional por parte de los pacientes hace que se intente reducir el tiempo de carga del implante. Por lo que se han realizado varias modificaciones al protocolo quirúrgico y protésico convencional reduciendo el tiempo de carga al implante. El objetivo de este artículo es el de presentar la colocación de implantes de carga inmediata en la zona estética como una alternativa en el plan de tratamiento, y la importancia de la interdisciplina quirúrgico-protésica para lograr un mejor éxito del tratamiento.

One of the treatment options offered to patients requiring replacement of one or more teeth is the use of prostheses supported by implants. Patients nowadays demand greater aesthetic and functional restorations; therefore, the clinician tries to reduce implant load time. All this leads to the implementation of several modifications to the conventional surgical and prosthetic protocol leading to a reduction in the load time of the implant. The objective of this article is to present placement of immediate load implants in an aesthetic zone as an alternative for the treatment plan, as well as highlighting the importance of observing surgical-prosthetic inter-discipline to achieve greater success in treatment.

Implantes de carga inmediata: revisión de la literatura y presentación de un caso clínico / Immediately loaded implants: literature review and presentation of a clinical case

La actual demanda estética y funcional de nuestros pacientes, hace que cada vez se intente disminuir el tiempo de espera desde la colocación del implante dental y la rehabilitación protésica. Estudios en los últimos años han demostrado que bajo ciertas condiciones se pueden obtener resultados satisfactorios en periodos más cortos con la aplicación de cargas inmediatas. El tipo de hueso y su calidad, así como la superficie del implante, la estabilidad primaria del implante dental; son algunos de los parámetros que determinen en qué casos podría realizarse la carga prematura de los implantes dentales. Actualmente la carga inmediata es ya considerada como una opción terapéutica segura, habitual y frecuentemente solicitada por nuestros pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un revisión de la literatura en donde trataremos el tema de la carga inmediata y todo lo que esta técnica implica, al igual que la presentación de un caso clínico de una paciente femenina de 52 años de edad la cual fue rehabilitada protésicamente con implantes dentales unitarios de carga inmediata en zona de maxilar superior y en zona mandibular

The current aesthetic and functional demands of our patients, makes it increasingly try to decrease the waiting time from the placement of dental implant and prosthetic rehabilitation. Studies in recent years have shown that under certain conditions can be obtained satisfactory results in shorter periods with the implementation of immediate charges. The type and quality of bone and the surface of the implant, the primary stability of dental implant; are some of the factors that determine the selection of patients who can undergo the premature loading of dental implants. Currently immediate loading is already regarded as a safe therapeutic option, routine and frequently requested by our patients. The objective of this study is to present a review of the literature where we address the issue of immediate loading and all that this implies, as well as the presentation of a case of a female patient aged 52 which was rehabilitated prosthetic dental implant unit immediate loading zone area maxilla and mandibl

Protocolo inferior com carga imediata: procedimentos previsíveis sem complexidade

Os implantes dentários têm apresentado uma alta taxa de sucesso, permitindo que diversos tipos de terapias reabilitadoras, em pacientes parcialmente ou totalmente edêntulos, sejam adotadas com segurança e previsibilidade. O uso de implantes na mandíbula com o intuito de se realizar posteriormente uma prótese fixa sobre eles foi amplamente relatado na literatura, assim como a aplicação de cargas oclusais imediatas após sua instalação. Embora as técnicas de confecção de próteses fixas implantossuportadas sejam bem estabelecidas, a imprecisão e/ou a complexidade das etapas podem inviabilizar a instalação da prótese no prazo desejado ou mesmo interferir na qualidade final do trabalho. Este artigo apresenta um protocolo clínico, cirúrgico e protético, que permite a confeccção de próteses totais fixas implantossuportadas, instaladas em até 48 horas após a etapa cirúrgica, onde os procedimentos podem ser executadas com relativa simplicidade e maior previsibilidade de resultados. A utilização de um guia multifuncional possibilita a resolução mais precisa e rápida do caso, promovendo maior conforto e satisfação para o paciente. Mesmo com a utilização desse guia, é fundamental que as equipes responsáveis pela realização das etapas cirúrgicas e protéticas estejam sintonizadas, já que essa modalidade de tratamento exige a interação dessas duas áreas concomitantemente.

Sobredentadura total superior implantosoportada / Superior total overdenture on implants

Se presenta un caso de un paciente desdentado total superior, rehabilitado en la consulta de implantología de la Clínica Pedro Ortiz del municipio Habana del Este en Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, en el año 2009, mediante prótesis sobre implantes osteointegrados, técnica que se ha incorporado a la práctica estomatológica en Cuba como alternativa al tratamiento convencional en los pacientes desdentados totales. Se siguió un protocolo que comprendió una fase quirúrgica, procedimiento con o sin realización de colgajo y carga precoz o inmediata. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 56 años de edad, que acudió a la consulta multidisciplinaria, preocupado, porque se le habían elaborado tres prótesis en los últimos dos años y ninguna reunía los requisitos de retención que él necesitaba para sentirse seguro y cómodo con las mismas. El resultado final fue la satisfacción total del paciente, con el mejoramiento de la calidad estética y funcional(AU)

This is the case of a total maxilla edentulous patient seen in consultation of the Pedro Ortíz Clinic Implant of Habana del Este municipality in 2009 and con rehabilitation by prosthesis over osteointegration implants added to stomatology practice in Cuba as an alternative to conventional treatment in patients totally edentulous. We follow a protocol including a surgery or surgical phase, technique without or with flap creation and early or immediate load. This is a male patient aged 56 came to our multidisciplinary consultation worried because he had three prostheses in last two years and any fulfilled the requirements of retention to feel safe and comfortable with prostheses. The final result was the total satisfaction of rehabilitated patient improving its aesthetic and functional quality(AU)

An evaluation of the primary implant stability and the immediate load-bearing capacity according to the change of cortical bone thickness / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cortical bone plays an important role in the primary implant stability, which is essential to immediate/early loading. However, immediate load-bearing capacity and primary implant stability according to the change of the cortical bone thickness have not been reported. PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were (1) to measure the immediate load-bearing capacity of implant and primary implant stability according to the change of cortical bone thickness, and (2) to evaluate the correlation between them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 48, screw-shaped implants (3.75 mmx7 mm) were placed into bovine rib bone blocks with different upper cortical bone thickness (0-2.5 mm) and resonance frequency (RF) values were measured subsequently. After fastening of healing abutment, implants were subjected to a compressive load until tolerated micromotion threshold known for the osseointegration and load values at threshold were recorded. Thereafter, RF measurement after loading, CT taking and image analysis were performed serially to evaluate the cortical bone quality and quantity. Immediate load-bearing capacity and RF values were analyzed statistically with ANOVA and post-hoc method at 95% confidence level (P<0.05). Regression analysis and correlation test were also performed. RESULTS: Existence and increase of cortical bone thickness increased the immediate load-bearing capacity and RF value (P<0.05). With the result of regression analysis, all parameters of cortical bone thickness to immediate load-bearing capacity and resonance frequency showed significant positive values (P<0.0001). A significant high correlation was observed between the cortical bone thickness and immediate load-bearing capacity (r=0.706, P<0.0001), between the cortical bone thickness and resonance frequency (r=0.753, P<0.0001) and between the immediate loadbearing capacity and resonance frequency (r=0.755, P<0.0001). Conclusion. In summary, cortical bone thickness change affected the immediate load-baring capacity and the RF value. Although RF analysis (RFA) is based on the measurement of implant/bone interfacial stiffness, when the implant is inserted stably, RFA is also considered to reflect implant/bone interfacial strength of immediately after placement from high correlation with the immediate loadbaring capacity. RFA and measuring the cortical bone thickness with X-ray before and during surgery could be an effective diagnosis tool for the success of immediate loading of implant.