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1.
Cancer Research and Clinic ; (6): 780-784, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-712903

ABSTRACT

Immune checkpoint signaling pathway mediates tumor immune escape through various mechanisms. In recent years, studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors have made great breakthroughs in various tumors. However, characteristics of the tumor cells, abnormal presentation of the antigens, functional gene mutations, tumor immune microenvironment, internal environment of patients and metabolic factors can all lead to primary or secondary resistance to immunotherapy. The exploration of the molecular mechanism and response strategy of immunotherapy is the key to further expand the beneficial population treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors and realize the accurate treatment.

2.
Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology ; (24): 205-208, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-706780

ABSTRACT

The theory of tumor immunity has gone through more than a century of exploration and shown remarkable clinical efficacy. Therapy based on targeting immune checkpoints,especially anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody monotherapy,has made significant progress in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.Consequently,the discovery of new immune checkpoints has be-come an area of interest.Additionally,combined immunotherapy is expected to be the future direction of immunotherapy.However, at this stage,immunotherapy has not yet resulted in widespread benefit.Identifying immune resistance mechanisms will further pro-mote individualized treatment.

3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 18(supl.1): 40-42, out.-dez. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-624827

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of immune resistance in dogs successively infested with Amblyomma cajennense nymphs. Five animals were submitted to four consecutive infestations with A. cajennense nymphs, at fourteen-day intervals. For each infestation, 50 nymphs were used per animal and data on the parasitic and non-parasitic periods were recorded. The average recovering rate of engorged nymphs in the successive infestations were 52.0, 29.2, 9.6 and 12.8%, respectively, with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of this parameter from the second infestation onwards. The modal drop-off day of engorged nymphs was Day 4 of parasitism in all infestations. The average mortality rates of nymphs seen on the first, second, third and fourth infestations were 3.6, 3.2, 2.0 and 2.8%, respectively, with no significant differences among them (p < 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were seen among the ecdysis rates for specimens recovered from successive parasitic challenges. The study results suggest that the acquired resistance of infested dogs had a negative effect on recovery rate of A. cajennense nymphs; however, it did not affect the other biological parameters evaluated.


O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de resistência imune em cães, frente a infestações sucessivas por ninfas de Amblyomma cajennense. Para tanto, cinco animais foram submetidos a quatro infestações consecutivas por ninfas de A. cajennense em intervalos de quatorze dias. Foram aplicadas 50 ninfas em cada animal por infestação e os dados referentes aos períodos parasitários e não parasitários, foram registrados. As taxas médias de recuperação de ninfas ingurgitadas, verificadas nas sucessivas infestações foram de 52,0, 29,2, 9,6 e 12,8%, sendo observada uma redução significativa (p < 0,05) nesse parâmetro a partir da segunda infestação. O dia modal de queda das ninfas ingurgitadas em todas as infestações foi o 4º dia de parasitimo. As taxas médias de mortalidade de ninfas observadas no primeiro, segundo, terceiro e quarto desafio parasitário foram de, respectivamente, 3,6, 3,2, 2,0 e 2,8%, não havendo diferença significativa entre elas (p < 0,05). Não observou-se diferença significativa (p < 0,05) entre as taxas de ecdise reportadas para os exemplares recuperados nos sucessivos desafios parasitários. Esses resultados sugerem que a resistência adquirida nos cães parasitados afetou negativamente a taxa de recuperação das ninfas de A. cajennense inoculadas nesses animais, contudo não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre os demais parâmetros biológicos avaliados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adaptive Immunity , Dog Diseases/immunology , Ixodidae , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Nymph , Tick Infestations/immunology
4.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487738

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of immune resistance in dogs successively infested with Amblyomma cajennense nymphs. Five animals were submitted to four consecutive infestations with A. cajennense nymphs, at fourteen-day intervals. For each infestation, 50 nymphs were used per animal and data on the parasitic and non-parasitic periods were recorded. The average recovering rate of engorged nymphs in the successive infestations were 52.0, 29.2, 9.6 and 12.8%, respectively, with a significant reduction (p 0.05) of this parameter from the second infestation onwards. The modal drop-off day of engorged nymphs was Day 4 of parasitism in all infestations. The average mortality rates of nymphs seen on the first, second, third and fourth infestations were 3.6, 3.2, 2.0 and 2.8%, respectively, with no significant differences among them (p 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were seen among the ecdysis rates for specimens recovered from successive parasitic challenges. The study results suggest that the acquired resistance of infested dogs had a negative effect on recovery rate of A. cajennense nymphs; however, it did not affect the other biological parameters evaluated.


O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de resistência imune em cães, frente a infestações sucessivas por ninfas de Amblyomma cajennense. Para tanto, cinco animais foram submetidos a quatro infestações consecutivas por ninfas de A. cajennense em intervalos de quatorze dias. Foram aplicadas 50 ninfas em cada animal por infestação e os dados referentes aos períodos parasitários e não parasitários, foram registrados. As taxas médias de recuperação de ninfas ingurgitadas, verificadas nas sucessivas infestações foram de 52,0, 29,2, 9,6 e 12,8%, sendo observada uma redução significativa (p 0,05) nesse parâmetro a partir da segunda infestação. O dia modal de queda das ninfas ingurgitadas em todas as infestações foi o 4º dia de parasitimo. As taxas médias de mortalidade de ninfas observadas no primeiro, segundo, terceiro e quarto desafio parasitário foram de, respectivamente, 3,6, 3,2, 2,0 e 2,8%, não havendo diferença significativa entre elas (p 0,05). Não observou-se diferença significativa (p 0,05) entre as taxas de ecdise reportadas para os exemplares recuperados nos sucessivos desafios parasitários. Esses resultados sugerem que a resistência adquirida nos cães parasitados afetou negativamente a taxa de recuperação das ninfas de A. cajennense inoculadas nesses animais, contudo não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre os demais parâmetros biológicos avaliados.

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