Progress in immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 for lung cancer / 中国实用内科杂志

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality with high malignancy. In recent years, a major breakthrough has been made in immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 for lung cancer, which altered the traditional therapeutic pattern of lung cancer and heralded the dawn of the new immune era. This paper reviewed the application of immune checkpoint blockers in the subtypes of lung cancer, immune-related adverse events, the selection of potential biomarkers, and the exploration of resistance mechanisms.

Research progress on impact of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy upon immune-checkpoint blockers / 中国免疫学杂志

Numbers of commensal microbiota live in the human intestine.Intestinal flora can help their host digest food and their metabolite can affect human′s capacity of digestion.In addition,commensal microbiota can improve the ability of host against auto-immune disease and so on.Therefore,the commensal microbiota may be regarded as an essential"organ" in our body.Recent research has revealed that gut microbiota can affect the cancer immunotherapy upon immune-checkpoint blockers(ICB).Combined with recent study results,this article reviews the immune-related adverse events after cancer immunotherapy,introduction of gut microbiota and research progress on impact of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy upon immune-checkpoint blockers.In addition,there is an outlook for the future research on gut microbiota against cancer.This article will provide a theoretical reference for study of the relationship of gut microbiota and cancer treatment.

Advances in drug resistance mechanism of immunological checkpoint inhibitors and post-drug resistant therapeutic strategy / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Immune-checkpoint blockers(ICBs)have been well received in a variety of tumors,and the quality of patient life has improved significantly.However,the reasons why not all patients treated with ICBs benefit from lesion control,symptom improvement,and survival time.Many patients are resistant to the first time when they have been using ICBs for a period of time.This is a clinical challenge.This review lists possible causes of primary drug resistance and acquired resistance to ICBs.The primary resistance is associated with several mechanisms,including tumor microenvironment,cancer cells themselves and other related factors.The acquired resistance includes nonclassical immunoprecipitation molecules secondary overexpression,abnormalities of antigen presenting signal pathway and dysfunction of T cell activation killer.Finally,we have described a variety of possible new combination of treatment,including combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and combined targeted therapy with other measures.