ABSTRACT
An 8-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu dog (weighing 7.0 kg) presented with anemia and lethargy. Initial diagnosis indicated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. During therapy, a secondary urinary infection, probably due to the immune suppressive therapy, was diagnosed. Subsequent diagnostic tests, including urinalysis and urine culture, indicated candidal cystitis. Despite ketoconazole therapy for candidal cystitis, the dog died suddenly. A Candida albicans infection was confirmed upon postmortem evaluation. Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy might be the cause of this infection. This is the first case report describing a Candida albicans urinary tract infection accompanied by hemolytic anemia in a dog in Korea.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Dogs , Humans , Male , Anemia , Anemia, Hemolytic , Candida albicans , Candida , Cystitis , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Ketoconazole , Korea , Lethargy , Urinalysis , Urinary Tract Infections , Urinary TractABSTRACT
A anemia hemolítica imuno-mediada (AHIM) é a causa mais comum dentre as anemias hemolíticas e a doença imuno-mediada de maior prevalência em cães, incluindo causas primárias e secundárias. As AHIM tem sido associadas a estados de hipercoagulabilidade, sendo o tromboembolismo a complicação mais comum. Este estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar as possíveis alterações hemostáticas e o risco tromboembólico nas AHIM e nas anemias por outras etiologias. Para tanto, foram selecionados 76 cães anêmicos (hematócrito ≤ 20%) somados ao menos um sinal clínico comumente associado à AHIM ou possuir pré-disposição racial. Foram realizados os seguintes testes para os animais selecionados: teste de citometria de fluxo e avaliação do perfil hemostático (contagem de plaquetas, TP, TTPA, TT, AT, PDF e Dímeros D); além de hemograma com contagem de reticulócitos, pesquisa de hematozoários em sangue periférico, PCR para Ehrlichia sp. e sorologia para leptospirose. 59 cães foram positivos para AHIM. O estado tromboembólico foi caracterizado pela presença de alteração em três ou mais testes do perfil hemostático. 74,6% casos de AHIM foram atribuídos às doenças infecciosas, sendo em sua maioria associados à Ehrlichia sp. (88,6%). 72,1% apresentaram trombocitopenia e 57,6% apresentaram anemia regenerativa com valores significativamente maiores de metarrubrícitos e contagem de reticulócitos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de cães anêmicos (positivos e negativos para AHIM). Os cães anêmicos apresentaram valores médios maiores de TTPA e menores de AT e contagem de plaquetas quando comparados aos cães saudáveis (p < 0,05). 25 cães positivos e sete negativos apresentaram estado tromboembólico. A especificidade de PDF foi menor (30,2%) quando comparada outros estudos. A escolha da classe de Ig não interfere no diagnóstico de AHIM...
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is the most common cause of hemolytic anemia and the most prevalent immune-mediated disease in dogs, which is classified in primary or secondary. IMHA has been associated with hypercoagulability state and thromboembolism has been referred as the most common complication. The purpose of this study was to correlate the possibility of hemostatic abnormalities and the thromboembolic risk in IMHA and in anemias of other etiologies. 76 dogs were selected, all exhibiting hematocrit lower than 20% and at least one clinical sign commonly associated with IMHA or breed predisposition. These dogs were tested for IMHA by flow cytometry. Hemostatic tests (platelet count, PT, APTT, TT, AT, PDF and D-dimer) as well as CBC, reticulocyte count, blood parasite search in peripheral blood smear, Ehrlichia sp. and leptospirosis tests were performed in all dogs. 59 dogs were positive for IMHA. The thromboembolic risk was characterized by the presence of three or more changes in the tests of the hemostatic profile. 74.6% cases of IMHA were attributed to infectious diseases and was mostly associated with Ehrlichia sp. (88.6%). 72.1% of dogs had thrombocytopenia and 57.6% had regenerative anemia with significantly higher values of metarubricyte and reticulocyte count. There were no significant changes between two anemic groups (positive and negative for IMHA). Anemic dogs had higher APTT mean value and lower AT and platelet counts mean values than the control group (p<0.05). 25 dogs with IMHA and seven dogs without IHMA had thromboembolic state. The specificity of PDF was lower (30.2%) than previous studies. The choice of the Ig class does not affect the diagnosis of IMHA...
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Anemia, Hemolytic/complications , Anemia, Hemolytic/veterinary , Hemostasis , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/veterinary , Flow Cytometry/veterinary , Ehrlichia , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinaryABSTRACT
A 5-year-old castrated male Shih-tzu dog and a 9-year-old intact female Schnauzer dog were presented with anorexia and depression. These 2 dogs were diagnosed based on which criteria as primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Blood examination showed anemia, spherocytosis, auto-agglutination and total bilirubinemia in 2 cases. These dogs were recovered by treatment of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone, and showed good prognosis until now. Mycophenolate mofetil is recommended as initial treatment in canine IMHA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Dogs , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia , Anemia, Hemolytic , Anorexia , Depression , Hyperbilirubinemia , Mycophenolic Acid , Prednisolone , Child, Preschool , PrognosisABSTRACT
No presente protocolo experimental, determinaram-se os proteinogramas séricos, por intermédio da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo duodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE), de 120 cães com raças e idades variadas e atendidos junto ao Hospital Veterinário "Governador Laudo Natel" da FCAV/Unesp, com o objetivo principal de comparar diferentes frações seroproteicas em estados anêmicos regenerativos, arregenerativos, imunomediados primários e secundários. Os referidos animais foram distribuídos em cinco grupos experimentais: grupo 1: 20 cães de controle; grupo 2: 28 cães com anemia regenerativa não imune; grupo 3: 27 cães com anemia arregenerativa não imune; grupo 4: 10 cães com anemia hemolítica imunomediada primária; grupo 5: 35 cães com anemia hemolítica imunomediada secundária. A técnica SDS-PAGE permitiu o fracionamento de 24 proteínas, cujos pesos moleculares (PM) variaram de 18.000 a 165.000 daltons (Da). Os cães com AHIM primária e secundária apresentaram 24 frações proteicas em seus traçados eletroforéticos, enquanto que cães de controle (1) e portadores de anemia regenerativa (2) e arregenerativa (3) de natureza não imune apresentaram 23 frações de proteínas, cuja proteína de peso molecular 68.000Da não foi encontrada. Dessa forma, 23 frações proteicas foram detectadas e revelaram-se comuns aos proteinogramas dos cães de controle e daqueles dos quatro grupos experimentais. Destas, identificaram-se nominalmente 11 frações proteicas, e as demais foram estudadas com base nos seus respectivos pesos moleculares. Em relação aos cães de controle, os anêmicos (grupos 2, 3, 4 e 5) apresentaram maiores concentrações de transferrina sérica e entre estes os animais portadores da AHIM primária. Todos os cães anêmicos apresentaram teores séricos de haptoglobina e fosforilase significativamente maiores que os controles, enquanto que a concentração sérica de ceruloplasmina foi significativamente maior nestes. Tais achados analisados em...
This assay aimed to determine the serum protein - via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which contained duodecil sodium sulfate (SDS-PAGE) - in 120 dogs, with different breeds and ages, seen by the Veterinary Hospital "Governor Laudo Natel." These animals were grouped into five experimental groups: Group 1 - group control with 20 dogs, group 2 - 28 dogs with regenerative anemia; group 3 - 27 dogs with arregenarative; anemia group 4 - 10 dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM 1.rd); group 5 - 35 dogs with secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM 2.rd). The technique allowed the SDS-PAGE fractionation of 24 protein, whose molecular weights (PM) ranged from 18,000 to 165,000 daltons (Da). The dogs with 1st and 2nd AHIM showed 24 protein fractions in their tracks electrophoretic, while other groups of dogs showed 23 fractions of protein, whose molecular protein weight of 68,000Da was not found. Thus, twenty-three proteins were common to proteinograms of the five experimental groups. From these, it was possible to identify eleven protein fractions nominally, and others were identified by their molecular weights. For control dogs, the anemic (groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) showed higher concentrations of serum transferrin and between them, the animals carrying the primary IMHA. All groups of dogs showed anemic levels of serum haptoglobin and phosphorylase significantly higher than the control dogs, while the serum ceruloplasmin was lower in anemic dogs. These findings provide additional information to the elucidation of the AHIMs in dogs.