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1.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(2): 366, ago. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1517339

ABSTRACT

Objetivo General: Establecer nivel de conocimiento sobre tuberculosis y vacuna, BCG., de padres y representantes, en Ambulatorio Gabriel Trompiz, Tucacas, Estado Falcón. Metodología: Es un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, con una muestra poblacional de 180 madres, padres y representantes entre octubre y diciembre de 2022. Se utilizaron encuestas, formularios elaborados y validados en estudios anteriores; la información fue procesada con el programa estadístico Microsoft Excel. Resultados: la mayor parte de la población respondió que la tuberculosis es una enfermedad producida por un virus, con respecto a la importancia de las inmunizaciones, un 20% desconocía la importancia de la vacunación. El 77% conocían información básica acerca de la vacuna BCG. En cuanto a las enfermedades prevenibles por esta vacuna, un 54% respondió que se trataba sobre la tuberculosis, mientras que casi la mitad de la población estudiada tenía la creencia que tenía que ver con el resfriado común. El 72% de la población considera que la fiebre es una contraindicación para la aplicación de la vacuna BCG. Se demostró que existía una gran desinformación con respecto a la vacunación en la población infantil en el medio rural venezolano(AU)


To establish the level of knowledge about tuberculosis and BCG vaccine., of parents and representatives in the Gabriel Trompiz outpatient clinic, Tucacas, Falcon State. Methodology: it is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a population sample of 180 mothers, fathers and representatives between October and December 2022. Surveys, forms prepared and validated in previous studies were used, the information was processedwith the Microsoft Excel statistical program. Results: most of the population answered that tuberculosis was a disease caused by a virus, regarding the importance of immunizations, 20% were unaware of the importance of vaccination. 77% knew basic information about the BCG vaccine. Regarding the diseases preventable by this vaccine, 54% answered that it was about tuberculosis, while almost half of the population studied believed that it had to do with the common cold. 72% of the population considers that fever is a contraindication for the application of the BCG vaccine. It was demonstrated that there was a great amount of misinformation regarding vaccination in the child population in rural Venezuela(AU)


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , BCG Vaccine , Immunization Schedule , Pediatrics , Public Health , Disease Prevention , Sociodemographic Factors
2.
Más Vita ; 2(3,Extraord): 66-73, dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1373569

ABSTRACT

La inmunización es una de las intervenciones de salud más exitosas y costo-efectivas, por medio de la cual se pueden prevenir entre dos y tres millones de muertes cada año en el mundo, sigue siendo considerada como una intervención eficaz que salva vidas y evita el sufrimiento; beneficia a los niños porque mejora la salud y la esperanza de vida, también por su impacto social y económico a escala mundial. Objetivo: Validar los instrumentos cuantitativo y cualitativo para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que inciden en la accesibilidad al servicio de inmunizaciones en niños menores de 24 meses. Metodología: El presente estudio es de enfoque mixto (cuanti ­ cualitativo) de corte transversal, exploratorio de tipo descriptivo y de campo, con un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico diseñado por 3 categorías y codificado de acuerdo al número de participantes. La población como muestra de la investigación es de 100 personas, de las cuales se hizo un estudio piloto de 15 personas para la encuesta y 1 persona para la entrevista a profundidad. Resultados: Al aplicar el criterio de los juicios de expertos, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: en el instrumento cuantitativo se obtuvo un promedio de 96 y en el instrumento cualitativo logrando un promedio de 95, ambos resultados equivalentes a muy confiable. Conclusión: El plan piloto da a entender que los instrumentos tienen propiedades buenas para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que incidan a la accesibilidad del servicio de inmunizaciones(AU)


Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective health interventions; because of it, two and three million deaths can be prevented each year in the world. It continues to be considered an effective intervention that saves lives and avoid suffering; it benefits children because it improves health and life expectancy because of its social and economic impact on a global scale. Objective: To validate the quantitative and qualitative instruments in order to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect accessibility to the immunization service in children under 24 months. Methodology: The present study is a cross-sectional (quantitative - qualitative) mixed approach, exploratory, descriptive and field, with a phenomenological qualitative approach designed by three categories and coded according to the number of participants. The population as a sample of the research is 100 people, of which a pilot study of 15 people was carried out for the survey and one person for the in-depth interview. Results: When applying the criterion of expert judgments, getting the following results: in the quantitative instrument obtained an average of 96 and in the qualitative instrument achieving an average of 95, both results equivalent to very reliable. Conclusion: The pilot plan suggests that the instruments have good properties to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect the accessibility of the immunization service(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pilot Projects , Child Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Demography , Immunization Schedule
3.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 31(3/4): 225-232, mayo.-ago. 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1223721

ABSTRACT

El Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) a nivel mundial nace en 1974 como iniciativa de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). En Chile, el actual Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones (PNI) se origina en el Plan Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) establecido en el año 1978. En sus inicios, el PAI se basó en disposiciones legales definidas en 1975, que establecía las Enfermedades Trasmisibles de Vacunación Obligatoria. Desde el año 2010, el Decreto Exento N°6 promulgado el 29 de enero, se dispone la vacunación obligatoria contra enfermedades inmunoprevenibles de la población del país. Posteriormente se han realizado modificaciones al decreto exento N°6 reflejando la incorporación de nuevas vacunas al calendario, modificaciones en los grupos objetivo y/o cambios en las estrategias de vacunación, entre otros. En estas disposiciones también se establece que el Ministerio de Salud debe asegurar el acceso gratuito a vacunaciones seguras y efectivas para toda la población objetivo. El objetivo del artículo, es describir la evolución de las iniciativas de vacunación en nuestro país, desde antes de la creación del PAI, la sistematización de las estrategias de vacunación una vez que se establece el programa hasta las modificaciones realizadas en la última década.


The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) worldwide was created in 1974 as an initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). In Chile, the current National Immunization Program (PNI) originates from the Extended Inmunization Plan (EPI) established in 1978. In its beginnings, the EPI was based on legal provisions defined in 1975, which established the Communicable Diseases of Compulsory Vaccination. Since 2010, the Exempt Decree No. 6 promulgated on January 29, provides the Mandatory Vaccination against Immune preventable Diseases of the Population of the Country. Subsequently there have been modifications to the Exempt Decree No. 6 reflecting the incorporation of new vaccines to the calendar, modifications in the target groups and /or changes in vaccination strategies, among others. These provisions also state that the Ministry of Health must ensure free access to safe and effective vaccinations for the entire target population. The aim oh this article is to describe evolution of vaccination initiatives in our country, from before the creation of the EPI, the systematization of vaccination strategies once the program is established, until the modifications made in the last decade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunization Programs/trends , Chile , Immunization/trends , Immunization Programs/economics , Immunization Programs/history , National Health Systems/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 31(3/4): 233-239, mayo.-ago. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1223727

ABSTRACT

La creación del Programa de Inmunizaciones en el mundo ha sido una de las estrategias de salud pública más valorada y que contribuye a la equidad. Este programa fue lanzado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en 1974, posteriormente en el año 1977 fue implementado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para los países de la región de América y en Chile fue a partir de 1979, poniendo a disposición un esquema contra 6 enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Es un programa de Bien Público de cobertura nacional, gratuito para toda la población objeto para cada una de las vacunas, que cuenta con respaldo político, independiente de los cambios de gobierno y con financiamiento nacional en un 100%. Uno de los pilares de éxito de los programas es lograr altas coberturas de vacunación. En el caso de sarampión, dado la alta tasa de reproducción del agente y su condición de enfermedad en fase de eliminación, se requieren coberturas superiores a 95%. Aunque el principal indicador indirecto de desarrollo del programa es la tercera dosis de vacuna contra DFT (Difteria, Pertussis acelular, Tétanos). Aunque han transcurrido 45 años de existencia de los Programas de Inmunización, cinco de las Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles forman parte de las 10 principales amenazas para la salud mundial. El presente artículo desarrolla parte de la historia del Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones de América y de Chile desde su génesis, destacando la importancia de los 12 componentes mínimos que forman parte de las actividades del programa y los hitos que han demostrado el valor, los beneficios de la vacunación, relatando ejemplos como viruela, poliomielitis, sarampión. Por último, se señalan las amenazas y posibles estrategias de superación.


The creation of the Immunization Program in the world has been one of the most valued public health strategies and one that contributes to equity. This Program was launched by the World Health Organization in 1974, later in 1977 it was implemented by the Panamerican Health Organization for the countries of the Americas region and in Chile since 1979, making available a scheme against 6 immunopreventable diseases. It is a program of Public Good of national coverage, free for all the target population for each of the vaccines, which has political support, independent of changes in government and 100% national financing. One of the corner stone of success of the programs is to achieve high vaccination coverage. In the case of measles, given the high rate of reproduction of the agent and its disease condition in the phase of elimination, coverage of more than 95% its needed. Although the main indirect indicator of program development is the third dose of DPT (Difteria, Acellular Pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine. Although 45 years of the existence of Immunization Programs have passed, five of the Immunopreventable Diseases are part of the 10 main risks to world health. This article develops part of the history of the Expanded Program of Immunizations of America and Chile since its genesis, highlighting the importance of the 12 limited components that are part of the activities of the program and the milestones that have experienced the value, benefits of vaccination, such as smallpox, polio, measles. Finally, the threats and possible strategies for overcoming them are pointed out.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Immunization Programs/organization & administration , Immunization Programs/trends , Public Policy , Chile , Mass Vaccination/history , Mass Vaccination/organization & administration , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination Coverage
5.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 31(3/4): 304-316, mayo.-ago. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1223757

ABSTRACT

Los pacientes inmunosuprimidos presentan un riesgo mayor de infecciones, debido a sus disfunciones inmunes, producto de la actividad de su enfermedad y la terapia inmunosupresora. El uso de vacunas disminuye este riesgo, otorgando protección directa e indirecta, a través de la vacunación del paciente y sus contactos. Las vacunas inactivadas han demostrado un perfil de seguridad adecuado en estos pacientes, por lo que no están contraindicadas, aunque su respuesta inmune puede ser inadecuada. Las vacunas vivas atenuadas, formalmente contraindicadas, poseen una información creciente que permite evaluar su riesgo/beneficio de manera individual. Por este motivo es necesario procurar mantener el calendario de vacunas actualizado y complementado, evitando el retraso en esquemas de vacunación y poniéndolo al día lo antes posible, con estrategias basadas en el individuo. Para llevar a cabo esto, se debe conocer y considerar los intervalos entre las vacunas, los esquemas acelerados, la solicitud de vacunas especiales, las aprobaciones vigentes y, finalmente, sus contraindicaciones.


Immunecompromised patients are at higher risk of infections due to their immune dysfunction caused by ongoing disease processes and immunosuppressive therapy. Patient vaccination or vaccination of the people in contact with patients diminishes their risk of infection. Although the immune response of immunocompromised patients might be impaired, the use of inactivated vaccines is safe and it is not contraindicated in these patients. Formerly, live attenuated vaccines were contraindicated in immunecompromised patients, but recently more data supports their use when evaluating case by case the risks and benefits of their application. Thus, it is important to keep and up-to-date, taylor-based and enhanced vaccination schedule in these cases. For this, specialists need to be informed about the availability of regular and special vaccines, their current approvals, vaccine administration protocols under specific situations and vaccine contraindications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Immunosuppression Therapy , Immunocompromised Host , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage , Immunization Schedule , Vaccines, Live, Unattenuated/administration & dosage
6.
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ; : 102-112, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-732457

ABSTRACT

Vaccine hesitancy among parents has led to re-emergence of vaccine preventable diseases. In Malaysia, measles cases had increased by three times in 2015 compared to previous year. Immunization coverage has always been above 95% since 2009. However, in 2014, Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) coverage has a significant drop to 93.4%. The aim of the study was to identify predictors for inadequate knowledge and negative attitude towards childhood immunization among parents in Hulu Langat, Selangor. A cross sectional study design was conducted from January to July 2016 with760 respondents. Respondents were selected by cluster random sampling and a validatedself-administered questionnaire was used. The majority of respondents were female (70%), Malay (87%), employed (92%) and parents with tertiary education (99.7%). In this study, 12.8% parents have an inadequate knowledge on childhood immunization and 47.6% parents have a negative attitude towards childhood immunization. The predictors for inadequate knowledge on childhood immunizations were last child’s age of 2 years old or more (AOR=1.413 95% CI 0.28-0.69); parents without tertiary education (AOR=2.02 95% CI 1.15-3.54); parents withouteducational exposure on childhood immunization (AOR=2.87 95% CI 1.59-5.18) and parents who obtained information on childhood immunization from non-healthcare provider (AOR=2.66 95% CI 1.50-4.70). Predictors for negative attitude on childhood immunizations were being male (AOR=1.44 95% CI 1.04-2.01); parents without tertiary education (AOR=1.67 95% CI 1.04-2.68); household income of less than RM5000 (AOR=1.85 95% CI 1.28-2.67) and unsatisfactory religious belief (AOR=2.76 95% CI 2.03-3.75). Therefore, these predictors should be considered in any health intervention on childhood immunizations for parents in Malaysia.

7.
Western Pacific Surveillance and Response ; : 26-33, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-689489

ABSTRACT

Introduction@#In 2019 and 2020, Japan will host two international sporting events estimated to draw a combined 22 million visitors. Mass gatherings like these ones increase the risk of spread of infectious disease outbreaks and international transmission. Pre-travel advice reduces that risk. @*Methods@#To assist ministries of health and related organizations in developing pre-travel advice, we summarized national surveillance data in Japan (2000–2016, to the extent available) for rubella, invasive pneumococcal disease, measles, non-A and non-E viral hepatitis, hepatitis A, invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, tetanus, typhoid fever, invasive meningococcal disease, Japanese encephalitis, influenza, varicella, mumps and pertussis by calculating descriptive statistics of reported cases and reviewing trends. (See Annex A for details of reviewed diseases.)@*Results@#Our findings showed notable incidences of rubella (1.78 per 100 000 person-years), influenza (243.5 cases per sentinel site), and mumps (40.1 per sentinel site); seasonal increases for influenza (November–May) and Japanese encephalitis (August–November); and a geographical concentration of Japanese encephalitis in western Japan. Measles cases decreased from 11 013 in 2008 to 35 in 2015, but outbreaks (n = 165 cases) associated with importation occurred in 2016. Though invasive meningococcal disease incidence was only 0.03 per 100 000, international transmission occurred at a mass gathering in Japan in 2015.@*Discussion@#Ministries of health and related organizations should use these findings to develop targeted pre-travel advice for travellers to the 2019 Rugby World Cup and the 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games, especially for mumps, measles, rubella, influenza, and meningitis. Travellers with increased exposure risk should also be advised about hepatitis A and Japanese encephalitis.

8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 114(6): 549-552, dic. 2016. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838301

ABSTRACT

Los regímenes de quimioterapia y los avances en el soporte clínico han mejorado la supervivencia de los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Son temas de preocupación las secuelas del tratamiento, entre ellas, el daño inmunológico inducido por la terapia inmunosupresora, que se refleja en la pérdida de niveles protectores de anticuerpos provistos por inmunizaciones previas. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la presencia de títulos protectores de anticuerpos para sarampión, rubéola y tétanos en pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda luego de haber finalizado el tratamiento quimioterápico. Se incluyeron 61 niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda asistidos en el Hospital Garrahan, que habían finalizado el tratamiento, como mínimo, 6 meses antes y con vacunación completa previa al diagnóstico. Las tasas de anticuerpos protectores fueron sarampión: 46% (IC 32-59); tétanos: 53% (IC 40-67); rubéola: 60% (IC 47-63). Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de reconsiderar la revacunación en este grupo de pacientes.


Chemotherapy regimens and clinical support advances have improved survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The after-effects of treatment are a reason for concern, including damage to the immune system induced by immunosuppressive therapy which is reflected in the loss of antibody protection provided by prior immunizations. Our goal was to assess the presence of measles, rubella, and tetanus protective antibody titers among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after completing chemotherapy. Sixty-one children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia seen at the Hospital Garrahan were included; patients had finished their chemotherapy at least 6 months earlier and had a complete immunization schedule before diagnosis. The rates of protective antibodies were 46% (CI: 32-59) for measles, 53% (CI 40-67) for tetanus, and 60% (CI 47-63) for rubella. These results strengthen the need to reconsider revaccination in this group of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rubella/immunology , Tetanus/immunology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Immunity, Humoral , Measles/immunology , Rubella/blood , Tetanus/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood , Measles/blood
9.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 13(2): 2-9, ago. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869931

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: La participación de alumnos en estudios que evalúan el cumplimiento del programa de Inmunizaciones (PAI) y sus causales representa una experiencia relevante. La evaluación del cumplimiento del PAI permite proponer estrategias para aumentar coberturas.Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. Población: Neonatos a 11 años de edad, realizado en 6 hospitales de la CABA. Período: 1/06-31/12/2014. Participaron estudiantes del internado anual rotatorio capacitados sobre PAI,supervisados por docentes.Criterio de inclusión: Presentar el carné de vacunación, no tener condiciones que impidieran indicación del PAI.Resultados: Encuestas 531. Esquema incompleto o no recibió ninguna vacuna 25,7 por ciento. Se asociaron a incumplimiento las siguientes variables: Edad <1 año, edad materna <28 años, escasa educación materna, embarazo no controlado, ausencia de control de salud, internados, consulta porenfermedad. Análisis multivariado: falta de control de salud: RR 2,1(IC 95 por ciento:1,4-2,9).Como motivo de OPV predominó olvido (71,8 por ciento). Los alumnos refirieron útil su participación. Consideraron positivo aprender a investigar, contacto con pacientes y familiares, trabajar en equipo. Negativo: restó tiempo para estudiar.Conclusiones: Interactuar con la comunidad permitiría eliminar barreras que condicionan OPV. La comunicación es valiosa para lograr este objetivo. La participación supervisada de alumnos fue una experiencia innovadora, al introducirlos en la investigación clínica.


Introduction: The participation of students in research studies is a valuable teaching objective. Particularly evaluating implementation of the National immunization Program and their causal, allowing to propose strategies to increase coverage.Methods: An observational, analytical, crosssectional study. Population: Newborn to 11 years old, conducted in 6 hospitals of Buenos Aires city. Period: 1/06-31/12/2014. Pediatrics students belonging to the pediatric annualtraining in pediatrics, supervised by their teachers. Inclusion criteria: Presentation the vaccination card, have no conditions that would prevent indication of the vaccines.Results: 531 surveys were completed.Incomplete scheme, or no received vaccine 25.7 percent. The following variables were associated with non-compliance schedule: Age <1 year, maternal age <28 years, lowmaternal education, uncontrolled pregnancy, lack of health control, boarding, ambulatory consult for disease. Multivariate analysis: lackof control health: RR 2.1 (95 percent CI: 1.4-2.9).Family forgot vaccinate the child prevailed (71.8 percent). Students reported their participation useful. They considered positive learning how to research, contact with patients andfamilies, teamwork. As negative: Rest time to study.Conclusions: Interacting with the community enable barriers that condition not comply with the scheme. Communication is valuable to achieving this aim. Supervised student participation was an innovative experience to introduce in clinical research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Education, Medical , Immunization Programs , Program Evaluation , Students, Medical , Argentina , Data Collection , Multivariate Analysis , Observational Study , Prospective Studies
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(1): 30-37, feb. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776957

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Vaccination, a health action that has allowed to decrease mortality and to eradicate many diseases, may be at risk as a result of misinformation of parents and campaigns led by movements against vaccines. Objective: To describe and analyze the knowledge and attitudes of parents of newborns and children of 2 and more months of age against the application of vaccines. Method: Exploratory study performed by application of a questionnaire to parents attending the UC CHRISTUS health network. Results: Knowledge and attitude of parents of newborns is rated as very good. 32.5% think that the vaccines can cause damage or claim not to know and have wrong knowledge; vaccination is considered a measure in favor of their childrens' health, but manifest that scarce information does not allow to make right decisions and suspect economic interests behind them. The parents of older children have no precise knowledge of the existing calendar, nor of the name of vaccines. They think that the existing information does not allow them to be sure of the real benefits, with some of them even feeling forced to vaccinate their children. Discussion: It is urgent to educate and answer questions about the importance and safety of vaccines and to perform studies at a national level.


Introducción: La vacunación, acción sanitaria que ha permitido disminuir la mortalidad y erradicar muchas enfermedades, puede estar en riesgo como resultado de la desinformación de los padres y campañas del movimiento anti vacunas. Objetivo: Describir y analizar conocimiento y actitudes de padres de recién nacidos y niños de dos y más meses de edad, en relación a la aplicación de vacunas. Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a padres asistentes a la Red de Salud UC CHRISTUS. Resultados: El conocimiento y actitud de los padres de RN es catalogado como muy bueno. El 35,2%, piensa que las vacunas pueden causar daño y declara no saber y tiene conocimientos errados. Señalan que la información existente no les permite tomar decisiones correctas y sospechan intereses económicos detrás de los programas de vacunación. Los padres de niños mayores, no tienen conocimiento preciso del calendario vigente, ni del nombre de las vacunas. Opinan que la información existente no les permite estar seguros de los reales beneficios, sintiéndose algunos, obligados a vacunar a sus hijos. Discusión: Es urgente educar y aclarar dudas en torno a la importancia y seguridad de las vacunas y realizar estudios nacionales.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Parents , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(2): 547-552, fev. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582447

ABSTRACT

Profissionais da saúde têm risco aumentado para doenças imunopreveníveis (transmissão intra-hospitalar), conforme sua suscetibilidade, e podem ser fonte de infecção a outros profissionais e a pacientes. Este artigo tem como objetivos levantar e descrever o estado vacinal da população dos estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; mostrar a necessidade de manutenção de protocolo de inquérito vacinal e imunização, por vacinas recomendadas, do aluno da Famerp e de outras instituições. Utilizou-se o censo populacional dos estudantes de medicina e enfermagem da Famerp matriculados em 2006 e 2007, com aplicação de questionário fechado com caracterização biopsicossociocultural, relevante à vacinação. Não há um programa específico de imunização do corpo discente da Famerp. Pudemos verificar que dos 375 alunos (59,8 por cento) entrevistados, a maioria referiu conhecer as possíveis reações adversas (59,7 por cento) e também não ter medo dessas reações (66,9 por cento). Apenas 69 alunos (11,0 por cento) apresentaram espontaneamente a carteira vacinal. Nenhuma das carteiras apresentou-se em dia com as vacinas de rotina do adulto e dos profissionais de saúde. São imperativos planejamento e ação em saúde regular, normatizada na Famerp e em instituições de ensino superior, para proteção da população suscetível.


According to their susceptibility, health workers have higher risk to vaccine-preventable diseases (intramural transmission in hospitals), and can also be a source of infection to others professionals and patients. The aim of this article is to get and describe the vaccination status of the student population at Famerp (São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil); to show the importance of keeping a vaccine protocol inquiry and immunization with recommended vaccines for students at Famerp, and others susceptible institutions. The methodology used was a population census of the enrolled medical and nursing students at Famerp, in 2006 and 2007, with application of a closed questionnaire to establish bio-psycho-socio-cultural characteristics of vaccinal relevance. It could be perceived that there isn't a specific immunization program for students at Famerp. We verified that among the 375 interviewed students (59.8 percent), the majority (59.7 percent) had related to know the possible adverse reactions, and 66.9 percent weren't afraid of adverse reactions. Only 69 students (11.0 percent) presented the vaccine register spontaneously. None of the students presented the vaccines of the adult or health professional routine. It's imperative to work in health planning and regulation, standardized at Famerp and higher education institutions, to protect the susceptible population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical , Students, Nursing , Vaccination , Brazil , Schools, Medical , Time Factors
12.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 72(4): 167-172, oct.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588871

ABSTRACT

Los avances en la prevención de la enfermedad diarreica aguda con el uso de vacunas orales están presentes gracias a las investigaciones en el área de los trabajos realizados en cólera, fiebre tifoidea y con más éxito en la prevención de la diarrea por rotavirus. en este consenso desarrollamos los elementos actualizados en la inmunización contra cólera, fiebre tifoidea, indicaciones y futuras vacunas. en especial, se hace referencia a la vacunación contra rotavirus, sus estudios iniciales, evaluación de la investigación en fase III (realizada en Venezuela), las características particulares de cada vacuna desarrollada y en uso hoy en día, su aplicación y seguimiento una vez iniciado el plan nacional de vacunación, finalizando con los estudios de impacto económico y costo-efectividad.


Advances in prevention of acute diarrheal disease with the use of oral vaccines have been accomplished thanks to research in cholera, typhoid fever and, with more success, in the prevention of rotavirus diarrhea. This consensus addresses updates in immunization against cholera, typhoid fever, indications and future vaccines. In particular, we refer to vaccinations against rotavirus, their initial studies, research evaluation in phase III (held in Venezuela), particular characteristics of each vaccine developed and in use today, and the follow up of its implementation once the national vaccination plan is initiated. Final considerations in relation to the economic impact and cost effectiveness studies are stated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Diarrhea, Infantile/prevention & control , Typhoid Fever/prevention & control , Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Cholera Vaccines/administration & dosage , Child Care , Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Impacts of Polution on Health , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
13.
Acta pediátr. costarric ; 20(2): 89-91, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637461

ABSTRACT

La infección por rotavirus es la causa más frecuente de diarrea grave en niños costarricenses y del mundo entero, también es la primera causa de muertes por diarrea en niños en países en vías de desarrollo. Existen en la actualidad dos vacunas orales de virus vivos contra el rotavirus disponibles en nuestro país, de amplio uso en varias naciones del mundo, en muchas de las cuales ya han sido incluidas en los esquemas nacionales de vacunación. Una de las vacunas se deriva de una cepa humana atenuada de rotavirus, se administra en un esquema de dos dosis y la otra combina cinco cepas reacomodadas de origen bovinohumano y se administra en un esquema de tres dosis. Ambas vacunas se dan por vía oral y han mostrado tener una elevada eficacia en la prevención de diarrea grave por rotavirus y seguridad con respecto a la posible complicación de intususcepción intestinal. En Costa Rica, se realizan en la actualidad las gestiones necesarias para la inclusión de estas nuevas inmunizaciones en el esquema nacional de vacunación.


Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in Costa Rican children and worldwide, also is the first cause of diarrhea deaths in children in developing countries. Currently, two live oral rotavirus vaccines are available in Costa Rica, they have been used in many countries, in some of them have been included in the national immunization programs. One of these vaccines is derived from an attenuated human strain of rotavirus, is administered in a 2 doses schedule and the other combines five bovine-human reassortant strains and is administered in an schedule of 3 doses. Both vaccines should be given by the oral route. Each vaccine has proven highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in children and safe from the possible complication of intussusception. In Costa Rica, there are currently efforts ongoing to include these new vaccines in the National Immunization Schedule.


Subject(s)
Vaccines , Rotavirus , Costa Rica
14.
Acta méd. peru ; 24(1): 59-64, ene.-abr. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692277

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo desarrolla conceptos básicos sobre inmunizaciones, tomando en cuenta aspectos fundamentales sobre la inmunidad, definiciones, importancia de la cadena de frío, técnicas para la administración de vacunas, así como eventos asociados a vacunas y diferentes esquemas de vacunación. También incluye un esquema de vacunación, que podría considerarse como el ideal en el momento actual. Las vacunas son el mejor avance médico de la humanidad, porque previenen las enfermedades antes de que éstas ocurran. Asi es importante resaltar que la humanidad, específicamente miles de investigadores alrededor del mundo, viene desarrollando permanentes esfuerzos para producir nuevas vacunas contra diversas enfermedades que son verdaderos flagelos de la salud humana. Así, existen vacunas en diferentes fases de estudio o ya disponibles para: tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, meningococo, estafilococo aureus meticilino resistente, estreptococo grupo B, Helicobacter pylori, influenza aviar, virus sincicial respiratorio, cólera, fiebre tifoidea, paratíficas, E. coli, adenovirus, VIH, artritis reumatoidea, vacunas desarrolladas en alimentos y muchas otras más; por ello que es acertado decir que el futuro de la medicina se está dirigiendo hacia la prevención.


The present article develops basic concepts on immunizations, taking into account fundamental aspects of immunity, pertinent definitions, the importance of an intact cold chain, techniques for vaccine administration, as well as events associated with vaccines and different vaccination schemes. It also includes a vaccination schedule, which might be considered the present ideal schedule. Vaccines are humanity’s best medical achievement, because they prevent illnesses before they happen. Humanity, specifically thousands of researchers around the world, constantly develops efforts to produce new vaccines against several diseases which are major threats to human health. Vaccines exist in different phases of study or are already available for tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, meningococcus, meticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, group B streptococcus, Helicobacter pylori, avian influenza, respiratory sincycial virus, rabies, typhoid fever, paratyphic diseases, E. coli, adenovirus, HIV, rheumatoid arthritis; vaccines that can be eaten as food and many other advances have recently been developed; it may be emphasized that the future of medicine is evolving towards prevention.

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