A comparison of two methods for anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody of double-antigen sandwich assay / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the sensitivities and specificities of enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay(ELISA)and immunogold labeling technique in the detection of anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody.Methods(1)Sensitivity test:15 sera from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)diagnosed by western blotting were diluted proportionately,we detected the anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody in all diluted sera using ELISA and immunogold labeling technique,and recorded the maximum dilutions of the two methods that the anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody was positive.(2)Specificity test:200 sera from patients with nonAIDS were detected by ELISA and immunogold labeling technique,and we recorded the negative rates of the two methods.Results(1)Sensitivity test:The maximum dilution of ELISA was significantly higher than that of immunogold labeling technique(P ＜ 0.05).(2)Specificity test:The negative rates of the two methods were 100％,and there was no significant difference between the two methods.Conclusion The sensitivity of ELISA in the detection of antihuman immunodeficiency virus antibody is better than that of immunogold labeling technique,but the sensitivities and specificities of the two methods are consistent when the serum is detected,so the immunogold labeling technique is able to replace ELISA as a screening test for AIDS.

Ultrastructural Analysis of GABA- and Glycine-Immunoreactive Nerve Terminals on Jaw-Closing and Jaw-Opening Motoneurons in the Rat / 대한해부학회지

Previous studies have shown that inhibitory synaptic inputs are different between in spinal and trigeminal motor systems and activities of jaw closing and opening alpha motoneurons are different during a chewing cycle. This study examined the distribution of inhibitory synapses made on masseter and digastric motoneurons by using retrograde tracing of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxides (WGA-HRP) combined with postembedding immunogold labeling on serial ultrathin sections.Many boutons IR (immunoreactive) to GABA and/or glycine were found to appose on two kinds of motoneurons, which were containing pleomorphic vesicles (a mixture of round, oval and flattened vesicles) and exhibited symmetrical synaptic contacts on the somata. Packing density and synaptic covering % were higher in digastric than in masseter motoneurons. Of 703 boutons apposing on 12 masseter motoneurons, 6.08+/-3.51, 29.67+/-8.89 and 17.78+/-5.22% were IR to GABA only, glycine only, and both GABA and glycine, respectively. Of 637 boutons apposing on 11 digastric motoneurons, 6.37+/-4.64, 19.74+/-8.25 and 12.01+/-5.38% were IR to GABA only, glycine only, and both GABA and glycine, respectively. Proportions of glycine IR boutons were higher than that of GABA IR boutons in both masseter and digastric motoneurons. Packing density and proportion of boutons IR to GABA and/or glycine were higher in jaw closing than in jaw opening motoneurons (packing density, 12.03+/-1.58 vs 10.28+/-2.99; proportion of IR boutons, 53.54+/-8.94% vs 38.12+/-9.38% in jaw closing and opening motoneurons, respectively). These results provide ultrastructural evidence that GABA and glycine act as important neurotransmitters for modulation of jaw movement and that proportion of inhibitory synapses is higher in jaw closing than in jaw opening motoneurons.

Expression of Surfactant-D Protein and TNF-alpha in the Interaction of Pneumocystis Carinii and Alveolar Macrophages in Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

Alveolar macrophages participate in the host defense against P. carinii, but the mechanisms in degradation and clearance of the organism from lung has not been well established. We observed the transmission and scanning electron microscopic features and evaluated the expression of TNF-alpha and Surfactant-D in the interaction of P. carinii with alveolar macrophages. Expression of TNF-alpha and Surfactant-D in the experimentally induced P. carinii pneumonia in rat was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Electron microscopically, the alveolar macrophages phagocytized trophozoites and cysts of P. carinii micro-organisms. Immunohistochemically TNF-alpha was strongly expressed in the cytoplasms of alveolar macrophages. Postembedding immunogold labeling for Surfactant-D protein was expressed on the pellicles of trophozoites and cysts, P. carinii micro-organisms in the cytoplasms of macrophages, free floating surfactant materials and multilamellar bodies of type II epithelial cells. We conclude that alveolar macrophages interacted with P. carinii micro-organisms respond with increased expression of TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha may bind to P. carinii and exert a direct toxic effect upon the micro-organisms. Surfactant-D protein may augment binding of P. carinii to the alveolar macrophages and enhance the clearance of the micro-organisms.

Expression of Neurofilament in Human Retinal Horizontal Cell by Immunogold Labeling

Retinal horizontal cell is second-order neuron that integrates the information from photoreceptors over large retinal areas, mediating the lateral spread of visual signals to distant retina. The Neurofilament proteins, considered as neuronal markers, have been imunolocalized to mammalian retinal horizontal cess. However, the immunolabeling of Neurofilament in human, has been focused on the studies of visual pathway and large ganglion cells The goal of this study is to see whether human retinal horizontal cells are indeed neuronal nature or glial nature by immunogold labeling for electron microscopy. The sections of 65 year-old human retina showed the expression of Neurofilament by horizontal cells, which confirms the evidence of human retinal horizontal cell as neuronal nature.

Expression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Retinal Macroglia by Immunogold Labeling

There are two types of retinal macroglia: astrocyte and Muller cell. The major component of iintermediate filament in astrocyte is GFAP, recognized as the primary marker of astrocyte. Muller cells do not physiologically express GFAP in normal developing retina. A striking increase in GFAP expression. however, is observed in Muller cells under certain pathological condition. It is also suggested that this kind of changes of Muller cells in human retina is related with aging, and may be an early feature of pathogenesis of Age related macular degeneration. The goal of this study is to investigate the involvement of the human retinal macroglia in normal aging by immunogold labeling for electron. The goal of this study is to investigate the involvement of the human retinal macroglia in normal aging by immunogold labeling for electron microscopy. The sections of aged neurosensory retina showed the evidence of expression of GFAP by Muller cells. The results suggest, therefore, that Muller cells are induced to express GFAP during aging.