ABSTRACT
Introducción: La clasificación molecular del cáncer de mama se utiliza en el diagnóstico de lesiones desafiantes y para tener un pronóstico.El objetivodel presente estudiofue determinar la prevalencia de los tipos moleculares decáncer de mama y sus características clínico-patológicas en pacientes que acudieron a un centro oncológico. Métodos: Este estudio analítico-transversalfue realizado en el Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA-Cuenca, entre Agosto 2010-julio2017. Se compilaron registros de mujeres con cáncer de mama con inmunohistoquímicamolecular. Se midieron datos demográficos, clínicos, tipo Histológico, grado Histológico Combinado de Nottingham, estadio clínico de la NCCN-2017. La muestra fue no probabilísticatipo censo. Se usa estadística descriptiva y análisis de asociación entrelos tipos moleculares de cáncer de mama y características clínico-patológicas. Resultados: 582 casos ingresaron al estudio. El Luminal A 205/582 (35.22%), Luminal B 204/582 (35.02%), Her2 80/582 (13.75%), Triple negativo 93/582 (15.98) sutipo histológico predominante fueel Ductal (92.96%).El estadio clínico de mayor prevalencia es el IIA (29.21%) y respecto al grado de Nottingham, el 76.80% fue grado III.Asociación estadísticas se reportaron entre edad >40años y Tipo LuminalA, Edad >40 años yTriple Negativo; Tipo Ductal y Luminal A,Grado II De Nottingham y luminal A y triple negativo, Estadio clínico tardío y luminalAy HER 2P<0.05. Conclusión:Eltipomolecularde cáncer de mama más frecuente fue el LuminalAy este tipo molecular estáasociadoestadísticamente conla edad>40 años edad, Grado II de NottinghamyEstadío clínico Tardío.
Introduction:The molecular classification of breast cancer is used in the diagnosis of challenging lesions and to have a prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of molecular types of breast cancer and their clinicopathological characteristics in patients who attended a cancer center. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the SOLCA-Cuenca Cancer Institute, between August 2010-July 2017. Registries of women with breast cancer were compiled with molecular immunohistochemistry. Demographic and clinical data, Histological type, Nottingham Combined Histological grade, NCCN-2017 clinical stage were measured. The sample was non-probabilistic, census type. Descriptive statistics and analysis of association between molecular types of breast cancer and clinicopathological characteristics are used. Results: 582 cases entered the study. Luminal A 205/582 (35.22%), Luminal B 204/582 (35.02%), Her2 80/582 (13.75%), Triple negative 93/582 (15.98), its predominant histological type was Ductal (92.96%). The most prevalent clinical stage is IIA (29.21%) and with respect to the Nottingham grade, 76.80% was grade III. Statistical association were reported between age> 40 years and Luminal Type A, Age> 40 years and Triple Negative; Ductal and Luminal A type, Nottingham Grade II and luminal A and triple negative, Late clinical stage and luminal A and HER 2 P <0.05. Conclusion: The most frequent molecular type of breast cancer was Luminal A and this molecular type is statistically associated with age> 40 years old, Nottingham Grade II and Late clinical stage.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Immunohistochemistry , Prevalence , PathologyABSTRACT
Introdução O sistema dos fatores de crescimento semelhantes à insulina (IGF) desempenha importante papel no crescimento e desenvolvimento celular normal. Hiperexpressão do gene IGF1R tem sido demonstrada em diversos tumores, sugerindo que a expressão deste receptor represente um pré-requisito fundamental para transformação celular. Nosso grupo de pesquisa demonstrou o aumento de expressão de IGF1R em tumores adrenocorticais pediátricos. Objetivos: Induzir o silenciamento do gene IGF1R por siRNA na linhagem de tumor adrenocortical humano NCI H295R, bem como avaliar os efeitos in vitro por meio da análise de proliferação celular e apoptose desta linhagem celular. Adicionalmente, avaliar a expressão de IGF-1R e de microRNAs relacionados a sua transcrição em tumores adrenocorticais humanos. Pacientes e métodos: A linhagem celular de carcinoma adrenocortical humano NCI H295R foi cultivada e submetida ao tratamento com 2 siRNAs específicos para IGF-1R. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em quatro grupos: (1) células não tratadas com siRNA, (2) células tratadas com siRNA # 1, (3) células tratadas com siRNA # 2 e (4) células tratadas com o siRNA controle negativo. A expressão gênica e proteica de IGF-1R foram determinadas por meio das técnicas de PCR em tempo real e Western Blot, respectivamente. Os efeitos do silenciamento de IGF-1R in vitro foram avaliados por ensaios de proliferação celular e análise de atividade de caspases. Além disso, 202 pacientes com tumor adrenocortical foram selecionados para o estudo de expressão proteica de IGF-1R por imunohistoquímica. Para avaliação de expressão de microRNAs relacionados à expressão de IGF-1R (miR-100, 375, 145 e 126) por PCR em tempo real foram selecionados 32 pacientes dos 202 disponíveis. Resultados: A expressão de IGF-1R foi significantemente diminuída nas células tratadas com siRNA # 1 e siRNA # 2. Os valores relativos de RNA mensageiro de IGF1R diminuíram aproximadamente 50% e as análises de Western Blot...
Introduction: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a key role in normal cell growth and development. IGF1R overexpression has been demonstrated in several tumors suggesting that its expression is a prerequisite for cell transformation. We demonstrated IGF1R overexpression in pediatric adrenocortical tumors. Objectives: To induce IGF1R silencing by siRNA in a human adrenocortical cell line NCI H295R and evaluate its effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Additionally, evaluate the expression of IGF-1R protein and microRNAs related to its transcription in human adrenocortical tumors. Patients and methods: The human adrenocortical tumor cell line NCI H295R was cultured and treated with 2 specific IGF1R siRNA. All experiments were carried out in four groups: (1) untreated NCI H295R cells, (2) NCI H295R cells transfected with specific IGF1R siRNA # 1, (3) NCI H295R cells transfected with specific IGF1R siRNA # 2 and (4) NCI H295R cells transfected with a negative control. IGF-1R gene and protein expression was determined by the techniques of real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. We assessed the effects of IGF-1R silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, 202 patients with adrenocortical tumors were selected for the study of IGF-1R protein expression by immunohistochemistry. In the analysis of microRNAs that are related to IGF1R (miR-100, 375, 145 e 126) by real time PCR, 32 out 202 patients were selected. Results: IGF-1R levels were significantly decreased in cells that were treated with IGF-1R siRNA # 1 and siRNA # 2. The relative values of IGF1R mRNA decreased approximately 50% and Western blot analysis revealed a 30% of reduction in IGF-1R protein. Downregulation of this gene was accompanied by a reduction in 40% of cell growth in vitro and an increase in 45% of apoptosis. The analysis of microRNAs demonstrated that IGF1R expression is not correlated with the expression of these small RNAs. Additionally, the analysis of...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms , Immunohistochemistry , MicroRNAs , Proteins , Receptor, IGF Type 1 , RNA, Small InterferingABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Los angiosarcomas son infrecuentes y corresponden a menos del 1 por ciento de tumores de tejidos blandos, pueden presentarse en cualquier localización fundamentalmente en la piel. El angiosarcoma primario uterino fue por primera vez reportado en 1902 por Silberberg con informes ulteriores esporádicos que suman un total de 33 casos incluyendo el presente. Objetivo: Exponer un caso diagnosticado en el Departamento de Patología de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga-Colombia), y revisar la literatura de los casos previamente descritos. Caso clínico: Paciente de 25 años, con 2 años de evolución de menometrorragias y dolor pélvico crónico. Se realiza ablación endometrial encontrándose tumor maligno de endometrio pobremente diferenciado, infiltrante, el cual no es posible categorizar. Se efectúa una histerectomía ampliada, salpingooforectomía bilateral, linfadenectomía pélvica y omentectomía. El examen microscópico reveló lesión tumoral pobremente diferenciada compatible con un angiosarcoma uterino de alto grado.
Background: Angiosarcomas are rare and account for less than 1 percent of soft tissue tumors can occur at any location primarily in the skin. The primary uterine angiosarcoma was first reported in 1902 by Silberberg with sporadic subsequent reports, with a total of 33 cases including the present. Objective: To present a case diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia) and review the literature of the cases previously described. Case report: A 25 years old woman, with 2 years of chronic pelvic pain and menometrorrhagia. Endometrial ablation is performed and an endometrial malignancy was found, poorly differentiated and infiltrating, which is not possible to categorize. It makes an extended hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy. Microscopic examination revealed poorly differentiated tumor, compatible with a high-grade uterine angiosarcoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hemangiosarcoma/diagnosis , Hemangiosarcoma/pathology , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/pathology , Hemangiosarcoma/surgery , Immunohistochemistry , Uterine Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Los tumores neuroendocrinos en la glándula mamaria, representan menos del 2 por ciento de las lesiones malignas que se presentan en la mama, un 30 por ciento pueden ser metastásicos, principalmente de tumores carcinoides intestinales. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina 64 años con el antecedente de carcinoma de mama izquierda pT1N1Mo Estadio II A, se le practicó en el año 2000 cirugía preservadora, recibió tratamiento sistémico y radioterapia, presentando recaída local, histológicamente y por inmuhistoquímica, como tumor neuroendocrino, en mayo de 2008 se le realiza mastectomía simple izquierda. Actualmente viva y sin enfermedad. Los tumores neuroendocrinos pueden presentarse en localizaciones extra intestinales. El diagnóstico debe realizarse por histología y confirmado con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica, son tumores de baja agresividad biológica, no se presentan síntomas sistémicos por liberación de hormonas como en otras localizaciones, y el tratamiento debe basarse en el estadio clínico de la enfermedad al momento del diagnóstico.
Neuroendocrines in the mammary gland tumors represent less than 2 percent of malignant injuries, which 30 percent can be source metastatic, mainly tumors intestinal carcinoid. The clinical of a female patient case 64 years old are presented with the antecedent of pT1N1Mo Stadium II A left breast carcinoma who was practiced in the year 2000 sparing surgery, received systemic therapy and radiotherapy, featuring local relapse, histological and inmuhistochemestry, as neuroendocrines, practicing it in May of 2008 mastectomy left, currently living and without disease tumor. Neuroendocrines tumors can occur in extra intestinal in lung, uterine and less common in the mammary gland neck locations. The diagnosis must be made by histology and confirmed with Immunohistochemistry techniques, are tumors of low biological aggression, not have systemic symptoms by release of hormones as in other locations, and treatment must be based on the clinical stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Endocrine Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Secretory Vesicles/physiology , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathologyABSTRACT
El mesotelioma peritoneal es un tumor raro con problemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos, asociado comúnmente a la exposición de asbesto y amenudo rápidamente fatal. El mesotelioma papilar bien diferenciado es una variedad menos agresiva del tumor, caracterizada por un curso indolente y un buen pronóstico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 34 años quien consultó por ascitis sin evidencia de hipertensión portal, de enfermedad hepática o de neoplasia intraabdominal. A través de la laparoscopia diagnóstica fueron encontrados nódulos que cubrían el peritoneo parietal y el epiplón mayor, obteniéndose biopsia cuya inmunohistoquímica resultó positiva para el calretina y los citoqueratinas. El paciente fue tratado con terapia de citos táticos primaria. La ascitis progresiva fue el único síntoma clínico en este paciente, mientras que la enfermedad hepática, la hipertensión portal y las neoplasias intraabdominales gastrointestinales fueron descartadas por clínica, laboratorio e imágenes. La biopsia por laparoscopia reveló mesotelioma papilar bien diferenciado como enfermedad subyacente. La inmunohistoquímica es indispensable para establecer el diagnóstico de esta rara neoplasia que es aún más infrecuente en hombres con ausencia de una historia de exposición al asbesto. El mesotelioma peritoneal, unque es infrecuente, se debe considerar en los pacientes que consultan por ascitis, particularmente en esos donde el diagnóstico inicial no está claro.
The peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare tumour with produce diagnostic and therapeutic problems commonly associated with the asbestos exposure and oftenconsidered rapidly fatal. The well differentiated papillary mesothelioma is a less aggressive variety of the tumour, characterized by an indolent course and good prognosis. We report the case of a 34 year old man patient who presented clinic with ascitis but without evidence of a portal hypertension, liver disease or any abdominal malignancy. True the procedure diagnostic laparoscopy a small tumour nodule was found to cover the parietal peritoneum and the greater omentum. The imunohistochemestry biopsies practice him were positive for calretinin and cytokeratins. The patient was treated with primary cytostatic therapy. The progressive ascitis was the only clinical symptom in this patient, while liver disease, portal hypertension and gastrointestinal malignancies were ruled out by clinical, laboratory and the imaging techniques. Laparoscopic biopsy revealed well differentiated papillary mesothelioma to be the underlying disease. Immunocytochemistry is required to establish the diagnosis of this rare malignant disorder which is even more uncommon in men with the absence of a history of the asbestos exposure. The peritoneal mesothelioma, although uncommon, should be considered in the people presenting ascitis, in particular in those where the initial diagnosis is not clear.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Ascites/physiopathology , Laparoscopy/methods , Mesothelioma/diagnosis , Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy/methods , Abdominal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Medical OncologyABSTRACT
El sarcoma sinovial es una entidad bien definida clínica y morfológicamente y, a pesar de su nombre, es muy raro en las cavidades articulares. Este sarcoma afecta zonas sin relación aparente con las estructuras sinoviales y representa entre el 5% y el 10% de todos los sarcomas de los tejidos blandos. Se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en las extremidades, especialmente en las inferiores, donde tiende a localizarse en la vecindad de las grandes articulaciones; se han informado muy pocos casos de sarcomas sinoviales en las manos o los pies, con una evolución clínica favorable. Así mismo, es más frecuente de 15 a 40 años de edad (con una edad media de 34 años). Este artículo presenta el caso de una mujer adulta a quien se le realizó el diagnóstico histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de un sarcoma sinovial en el quinto dedo de la mano derecha.
Synovial sarcoma is a clinically and morphologically well defined entity which, in spite of its name, is rare in joint cavities. This sarcoma affects zones without any apparent relation to synovial structures and represents from 5% to 10% of all sarcomas in soft tissues. It is most frequently found in the extremities, especially the lower ones, where it tends to be located in the vicinity of the major articulations; there are very few favorable reports on the clinical evolution of synovial sarcomas in the hands or feet. It is most frequent between the ages of 15 to 40 (median age, 34). This article presents the case of an adult woman who underwent histopathologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis of a synovial sarcoma on the little finger of her right hand.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Lower Extremity , Sarcoma , Sarcoma, Synovial , Colombia , Immunohistochemistry/methodsABSTRACT
O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres, e sua incidência vem aumentando de maneira consistente nas últimas décadas. A melhor compreensão anatomopatológica e molecular do câncer de mama vem permitindo observar que os diferentes subtipos desta doença apresentam características clínicas e prognósticas diferentes, além de perfil de resposta aos tratamentos diferenciados para cada subtipo. Neste artigo, serão revistos os principais aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e terapêuticos do subgrupo de câncer de mama triplo-negativo; subgrupo de doença definido, do ponto de vista imunoistoquímico, pela ausência de receptores hormonais ou de HER-2. Esse tipo de câncer de mama representa novo desafio para os profissionais envolvidos no tratamento multidisciplinar dessa neoplasia, e vem tornando-se foco de inúmeros estudos destinados a permitir sua melhor compreensão e ao desenho de estratégias terapêuticas mais eficientes.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women; the incidence of such disease is increasing through the last decades. Recently, several advances regarding the understanding of the pathology and molecular biology of breast cancer directed us to a new understanding of the disease pathologic mechanisms, leading to a molecular classification and, consequently, a novel way to treat the patients. In this review we will focus on the main clinical, laboratorial and therapeutical aspects of the triple negative breast cancer, as well as on the differences and similarities among triple negative, basal-like and BRCA1 linked breast cancers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Genes, BRCA1/physiology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Immunohistochemistry , Gene Expression , Breast Neoplasms/classification , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , SurvivalABSTRACT
Pacientes com doença do refluxo não erosiva apresentam sintomas típicos causados pelo refluxo do conteúdo gástrico para o esôfago. Entretanto, estes pacientes não apresentam alterações de mucosa visualizadas à endoscopia. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a expressão de moléculas relacionadas à junção celular (claudinas 1, 3 e 4), da proteína pró-inflamatória Cox-2, da população global de linfócitos (CD45), população de linfócitos T (CD3), linfócitos B (CD20) e natural killer (CD57) em portadores de esofagite de refluxo erosiva e não erosiva. O estudo verificou que quanto mais intensa e crônica a inflamação no epitélio escamoso esofágico, menor a expressão das proteínas juncionais (claudinas 1 e 4), não alterando a expressão da claudina 3. Em relação à Cox-2 o estudo mostra aumento de sua expressão na forma erosiva da doença. Em relação à população de linfócitos, não foi detectada diferença significativa.
Patients with non-erosive reflux disease conditions show typical symptons caused by the reflux of the gastric content to the esophagus. However, these patients dont show any alteration on the mucous membrane visualized trhough endoscopy. The aim of this study is to characterize the molecule expression related to the cell junction (claudins 1 , 3 and 4)the Cox 2 pro-inflamatory protein, the general population of (CD45) lymphocytes ,the population of lymphocytes T (CD3),the B (CD20) lymphocytes and the(CD57) natural killer in patients with erosive and non-erosive reflux esophagitis. The study found that the more intense and chronic the inflamation is in the esophageal squamous epithelium, less junction protein expressios (claudins 1 and 4) were found, not altering the 3 expressions of claudin 3. Regarding Cox 2, the study shows increase in its expression in the erosive form of the disease. Regarding the population of lymphocytes, no significant difference was detected.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biopsy , Esophagus , Gastroesophageal Reflux , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To detect the expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to study their correlation in invasion and metastasis.Methods:Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of FAK and VEGF in 42 case of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 40 cases of polyp of vocal cords.All the samples were stained by HE method to confirm their pathologic characteristics.Positive rates of FAK and VEGF were evaluated by microscopy.Results:The positive rates of FAK,VEGF were 79% and 71%,respectively in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.While in polyp of vocal cords,13% and 18%,respectively.The difference was significant(P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) and their role in pathogenesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of PI3K and p-Akt in 40 paraffin-embedded human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 20 cases of polyp of vocal cords and 20 cases of laryngeal papilloma. All the samples were stained by HE method to confirm their pathologic characteristics. Positive rates of PI3K and p-Akt were evaluated by microscopy. Results PI3K and p-Akt showed low expression in the polyp tissues of vocal cords, while they were of significantly higher expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (P