ABSTRACT
Objective To know the immunologic response at different periods with different hepatitis B vaccine(HepB)in infants.Methods From July 1 to December 31 in 2009,the local infants born from hepatitis B virus(HBV)surface antigen (HBsAg)negative mother in Ninghai were selected and received a 0.5 ml of 5 -μg HepB made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)techniques in saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (HepB -SCY)and those in Yuyao were selected and received a 0.5 ml of 10 -μg HepB made by recombinant DNA techniques in hansenula polymorpha yeast (HepB -HPY)with a 0 -1 -6 month schedule.The specimens of blood were collected at 7 months,12 months and 18 months after vaccination for testing antibody.Results At 7 months,12 months and 18 months after vaccination,the geometric mean concentration (GMC)of Anti -HBs in HepB -SCY group were 714.79 ±3.50 mIU /mL,259.89 ± 3.87 mIU /mL and 78.38 ±4.04 mIU /mL,respectively.While in HepB -HPY group were 2 420.76 ±3.51 mIU /mL, 703.55 ±3.46 mIU /mL and 171.32 ±3.76 mIU /mL,respectively.There was statistical significant difference of GMC between HepB -SCY group and HepB -HPY group(P <0.01).The percent of antibody <100 mIU /mL in HepB -SCY group were 6.39%,23.33% and 55.42%,and in HepB -HPY group,were 2.17%,5.17% and 31.95%,respectively. The difference between HepB -SCY group and HepB -HPY group had significantly statistical significance (P <0.01 ). Conclusion The immunologic response at different periods of HepB -HPY was better than that of HepB -SCY.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite sustained viral suppression by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is a risk factor for poor immunologic recovery. However, some patients with advanced infection do show immunologic recovery. In this study, predictive factors of immunologic recovery were analyzed in advanced HIV patients showing sustained viral suppression. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in HIV-infected adult patients with HIV-1 RNA or = 500/mm3 at 4 years with HAART). To analyze the CD4 T cell kinetics, the CD4 slope (monthly changes in the CD4 T cell count) was estimated for each patient using a linear regression between the CD4 T cell count and the time since HAART initiation. RESULTS: Of 102 eligible patients, 73 had advanced HIV, and 33 (45.2%) showed immunologic recovery. The median CD4 slopes (cells/mm3 per month) during 0 to 6 and 0 to 12 months of HAART in the 73 advanced patients were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (0 to 6 months, 38.6 vs. 22.8; 0 to 12 months, 24.5 vs. 13.5). Multivariate analyses showed opportunistic infections at the start of HAART (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.28) and a CD4 slope > or = 20 during 0 to 12 months of HAART (adjusted OR, 10.10) were independently associated with immunologic recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The CD4 slope can be an early predictor of long-term immunologic recovery in advanced HIV patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Biomarkers/blood , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV-1/drug effects , Linear Models , Logistic Models , Monitoring, Immunologic/methods , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Predictive Value of Tests , RNA, Viral/blood , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Introducción: El parásito Ascaris lumbricoides es el más grande de los nemátodos que parasita el intestino humano. En Venezuela, la infección por Ascaris lumbricoides es la geohelmintiasis de mayor importancia en zonas rurales, por su alta frecuencia y morbilidad. La infección estimula una respuesta de anticuerpos IgA, sin embargo se conoce poco sobre las proteínas responsables de la respuesta para este isotipo. La identificación de estas proteínas podría ayudar al diseño de pruebas para el diagnóstico y la detección en el medio ambiente o en individuos expuestos a este parásito. Nuestro trabajo se basó en identificar proteínas antigénicas en extractos y fracciones de A. lumbricoides para la respuesta especifica IgA en el suero de niños infectados. Materiales y métodos: Fueron evaluados 85 sueros de niños de ambos sexo entre 3 y 14 años de edad, de comunidades rurales del Estado Miranda. Los niños fueron clasificados según el resultado coprológico en tres grupos, Ascaris positivos en heces; Ascaris negativos con otras parasitosis y un grupo libre de parásitos en heces. Las proteínas fueron identificadas por Western Blot y el nivel de anticuerpos IgA medidos por ELISA. Resultados: Se detectaron en el extracto de A. lumbricoides un mínimo de 17 proteínas con pesos moleculares de entre 26 y 205 KDa aproximadamente, siendo reconocidas por el suero de los niños infectados proteínas de 205, 148, 95, 75 y 45KDa. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo permitió medir los niveles de anticuerpos específicos IgA anti-Ascaris e identificar las proteínas responsables de la respuesta IgA.
Introduction: The parasite Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest nematode parasitizing the human intestine. In Venezuela, infection with Ascaris lumbricoides is the most important STH in rural areas, because of its high frequency and morbidity. Infection stimulates an antibody IgA response, however little is known about the proteins responsible for this isotype. The identification of these proteins could aid the design of tests for the diagnosis and detection in the environment or individuals exposed to this parasite. Our work was based on the identification of antigenic proteins in extracts and fractions of A. lumbricoides for specifi c IgA antibody response in serum of infected children. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 sera from children (boys and girls) between 3 and 14 years old, from rural communities in Miranda State. Children were classifi ed according to the stool results in three groups, Ascaris positive in stool; negative for Ascaris, but with other parasites and a group no parasites in feces. Proteins were detected by Western blotting and the IgA antibody levels measured by ELISA. Results: We detected in the extract of A. lumbricoides at least 17 proteins with molecular weights of between 26 and 205 kDa and were recognized by the sera of infected children, proteins of 205, 148, 95, 75 and 45kDa children. Conclusions: This study allowed us to measure the levels of specific IgA anti-Ascaris and identify the proteins responsible of this response.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cryoablation has been recognized as a potential tool in the treatment of cancer. Beside its ability to cause local destruction of the primary tumor, cryoablation has been claimed to induce a systemic anti-tumor immune response. We compared cryoimmunologic responses between cryoablation and surgical excision in a murine model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Six-to 8-weeks-old female mice (total n=30) were used for this study. Tumors were established at the flank of C3H mice with the SCCVII cell line, which is an immunogenic murine SCC of spontaneous origin in the C3H/HeJ mice. The mice underwent surgical excision or cryoablation, when the tumors were between 0.3 and 0.6 cm in the largest dimension. Successfully treated mice were re-challenged with the murine bladder cancer cells, namely, SCCVII cell line or MBT-2 cells at the contralateral flank. One week later, secondary tumor growth was estimated. Spleens were harvested from the mice that had no tumor after re-challenge. Effector splenocytes were added to the target SCCVII cells prelabeled with 3H thymidine. Cytotoxicity was investigated by measuring 3H thymidine releases from target cells. RESULTS: After re-challenging the SCCVII cell line, tumors were developed in 33% (1/3) of the mice treated by surgical excision, compared to 0% (0/4) of mice treated by cryoablation. In the cytotoxicity assay, there were no significant differences between the excision and cryoablation group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the anti-tumor immunologic effect of cryoablation in the murine SCC model is not better than that of surgical excision.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Cryosurgery , Mice, Inbred C3H , Spleen , Thymidine , Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Studies on survivin over the past several years have shown it has significant association with cancer, its encoding protein play a important role in control of mitosis and/or apoptosis and the activity of cellullar immunologic response in cancer patients. Survivin is the finding of its splice variants make it more valuble. The multi-subcellular localization of survivin is consistent with its multiple functions in cellular metabolisms and responses. The mechanisms and the subcellular localization by which these splice variants differentially affect cancer development are unclear. This review article will update the role of survivin, and its splice variants in the mitosis/cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, chemoprevention, drug/radiation resistance, and cancer therapeutics.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The high incidence of operative complications in patients with jaundice is associated with an impaired immune system, an increased systemic and portal endotoxemia due to the decreased hepatic reticuloendothelial function, and increased immune inhibitory factors such as bilirubin and bile acids. This study was designed to evaluate the immune response and the histological changes in rats with obstructive jaundice induced by common bile-duct (CBD) ligation. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wister rats weighing 250-320 gm were enrolled in this study and divided into 2 groups: a control group and a CBD ligation group. Under general anesthesia, the CBD was ligated with silk and resected for the CBD ligation group, but it was only isolated for the control group. The rats were sacrificed at the lst, the 2nd, and the 3rd weeks after ligation, and we evaluated the chemistries of the liver function, the lymphocytes stimulation index, the serum immunoglobulin levels, and the histological changes in the bile-duct-ligated livers. RESULTS: 1. There was no statistical difference in the serum creatinine levels between the control and the CBD ligation groups. At the lst week in the CBD ligation group, the serum AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels were statistically higher than those of the control group (p<0.05), which were slightly increased thereafter. 2. The lymphocyte stimulation index (LSI) of peripheral lymphocytes in the CBD ligation group was significantly decreased with the passing of time, but that of the control group was not. The LSI of splenocytes was statistically higher than that of peripheral lymphocytes in the control group, and the LSI of splenocytes was significantly decreased at the lst and the 2nd weeks, but was only slightly decreased, without statistical significance, at the 3rd week, in the CBD ligation group. 3. The serum immunoglobulin G (Ig G) level was significantly decreased at the lst week in the CBD ligation group compared with that of the control group and was slightly decreased, without statistical significance, at the 2nd and the 3rd weeks in the CBD ligation group. The serum immunoglobulin A (Ig A) level was extremely low in all groups, but this result had no statistical significance. 4. After CBD ligation, livertissues showed progressive bile ductular proliferation in the portal tract and an infarct with inflammatory infiltration into the central vein area and cholestatic change. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that derangement of the liver functions, suppresed lymphocytes function, and decreased immunoglobulin production might be associated with impairment of the immune response in bile-duct-ligated rats.