ABSTRACT
With the wide application of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), to obtain treatment-free remission (TFR) has gradually become the long-term goal for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Self-renewing leukemia stem cells during disease progression are related with the recurrence, and surveillance of residual leukemic cells is hypothesized to be one of the critical factors in successful TFR. On the way to obtain TFR, many breakthroughs have been made in innate and adaptive immunity of CML cells. This paper reviews the immune function of CML patients, the role of the immune markers in maintaining TFR, and the exploration of TKI combined with new immunomodulator therapy to achieve a greater degree of TFR.
ABSTRACT
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common pulmonary interstitial disease with unknown etiology. Its pathogenesis is unknown and there is no specific drug. Its progress is urgent and its prognosis is heterogeneous. Many studies have found that abnormal immune system function of the body and lungs may be related to the pathogenesis, progression and prognosis of IPF. Combined with the literature, this paper comprehensively analyzes the distribution of IPF related immune cells, cytokines and immunoglobulins in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of IPF patients, and discusses the research potential and clinical application potential value of these cells and molecular markers as immune evaluation and monitoring for IPF diagnosis, condition evaluation and prognosis prediction.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is imperative when treating certain patients; however, it is not risk free. In addition to the possible transmission of contagious infectious diseases, incidents can occur immediately after transfusion and at a later time. AIMS: This study aimed to examine the immediate transfusion incidents reported in a regional blood bank in the state of Minas Gerais between December 2006 and December 2009. A retrospective quantitative epidemiological study was conducted. Data were obtained from 202 transfusion incident reports of 42 health institutions served by the blood bank. Data processing and analysis were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS: The rate of immediate transfusion incidents reported in the period was 0.24 percent; febrile non-hemolytic reactions were the most common type of incident (56.4 percent). The most frequent clinical manifestations listed in transfusion incident reports were chills (26.9 percent) and fever (21.6 percent). There was a statistically significant association (p-value < 0.05) between the infusion of platelet concentrates and febrile non-hemolytic reactions and between fresh frozen plasma and febrile non-hemolytic reaction. The majority (73.3 percent) of transfused patients who suffered immediate transfusion incidents had already been transfused and 36.5 percent of the cases had previous transfusion incident reports. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the present study corroborate the implementation of new professional training programs aimed at blood transfusion surveillance. These measures should emphasize prevention, identification and reporting of immediate transfusion incidents aiming to increase blood transfusion quality and safety.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Safety , Blood TransfusionABSTRACT
Objective To detect and determine the expression and significance of MHC class Ⅰ chain-related gene A/B (MICA/B) and membrane MIC molecules (mMIC) on the bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) of patients with acute leukemia (AL). Methods Expression of MICA/B gene was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptaso polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in MIC-pesitive K562 cell line, bone marrow MNC from 10 healthy people and 69 cases of acute leukemia (AL). Expression of mMIC was detected by Western blotting. The differences of the expression of MIC gene and mMIC between AML and ALL were compared. The prognosis was determined by chromosome type between patients with mMIC+ and mMIC-. Results The expression of MIC gene and mMIC could not be detected in healthy people. The expression rate of MICA gene was 49.28% and the MICB gene was 42.03% and the mMIC was 34.78% in patients with AL. In AML group, the expression rate of MICA gene was 60.00%, and the expression rate of MICB gene was 53.33%, and the expression rate of mMIC was 44.44%. But in ALL group, the expression rate of MICA gene was 29.17%, of MICB gene 20.83%, and of mMIC 16.67%. The expression of MICA/B gene and mMIC in AML group were higher than that in ALL group (P<0.05). The prognosis of patients with mMIC+ is better than the ones with mMIC-. Conclusion The up-regnlation of MIC gene and mMIC in bone marrow MNC from patients of AL may have some relationship with the occurrence of AL The expression of MIC gene and mMIC is high in AML and low or devoid in ALL, which would be an possible mechanism that ALL cells were easy to escape killing from NK and CTL cells. Determined by chromosome type, the prognosis of AL with mMIC positive was better than the ones with mMIC negative. MIC might be one of the factors to determine the prognosis of AL.