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1.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 57(2): 191-201, jun. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1519865

ABSTRACT

Resumen Si bien la buena adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV por Human Immunodeficiency virus en inglés o VIH, por su sigla en español) demostró una sustancial mejoría clínica en las personas que viven con él, lograr el acceso al tratamiento continúa siendo un desafío en los tiempos que corren. Los estudios de laboratorio para diagnóstico y seguimiento de la infección por HIV se centran en estudios virológicos y recuento de linfocitos CD4+ y CD8+. Sin embargo, no se evalúa de forma detallada el perfil inmunológico de las personas que viven con HIV, ni la reconstitución inmune luego de recibido el tratamiento. Es por ello que el objetivo de esta revisión fue describir, por un lado, los diversos estudios realizados desde el laboratorio para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la infección por HIV. Por otro lado, describir los aportes del laboratorio bioquímico en el estudio del perfil inmunológico de las personas que viven con HIV, el cual incluye desde determinaciones actualmente en uso, hasta nuevos biomarcadores inflamatorios solubles o de membrana celular, como así también las subpoblaciones linfocitarias. Dichos biomarcadores podrían ser herramientas valiosas como descriptores del estado inmunológico de las personas e, incluso, predictores de patologías asociadas a la infección por HIV.


Abstract Although a correct adherence rate to antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reveals a substantial clinical improvement in people living with HIV, achieving access to treatment is still challenging. Laboratory studies for diagnosis and follow-up are mainly focused on virological status, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells counts. However, the immunological profile of people living with HIV is not evaluated in detail, neither is the immune reconstitution after treatment. Consequently, the aim of this review was is to describe, on the one hand, the studies carried out in the laboratory for the diagnosis and monitoring of HIV infection, and on the other hand, is to describe the contributions of the biochemical laboratory in the study of the immunological profile of people living with HIV. This study includes determinations currently in use, and the determination of new soluble or cell membrane inflammatory biomarkers, as well as T cell subsets. These biomarkers could be valuable tools as descriptors of the impervious state of people, and even predictors of pathologies associated with HIV infection.


Resumo Embora a boa adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral na infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tenha demonstrado melhora clínica substancial em pessoas que vivem com HIV, conseguir o acesso ao tratamento continua sendo um desafio nos momentos em que correm. Os estudos laboratoriais para diagnóstico e monitoramento da infecção pelo HIV concentram-se em estudos virológicos e contagem de linfócitos CD4+ e CD8+. No entanto, o perfil imunológico das pessoas que vivem com HIV não é avaliado detalhadamente, nem a reconstituição imunológica após o tratamento. É por isso que o objetivo desta revisão foi descrever, por um lado, os vários estudos realizados em laboratório para o diagnóstico e monitoramento da infecção pelo HIV. Por outro lado, descrever as contribuições do laboratório bioquímico no estudo do perfil imunológico de pessoas que vivem com HIV, que inclui desde determinações atualmente em uso, até novos biomarcadores inflamatórios solúveis ou de membrana celular, bem como subpopulações de linfócitos. Esses biomarcadores podem ser ferramentas valiosas como descritores do estado imunológico das pessoas e até mesmo como preditores de patologias associadas à infecção pelo HIV.

2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-155260

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Newly diagnosed HIV patients may be asymptomatic or present with a wide range of symptoms related to opportunistic infections, acute seroconversion illness or other medical illnesses. This study was designed to evaluate the socio-demographic parameters, spectrum of the presenting clinical conditions and concurrent immunological status of newly diagnosed HIV patients and document the WHO clinical stages at the time of HIV diagnosis. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was undertaken over a 12 month period at a tertiary referral hospital in eastern India. Three hundred sixty consecutive newly diagnosed HIV patients were selected for the study from the HIV clinic and medicine wards of this hospital. Demographic and clinical data and relevant laboratory investigations of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: Mean age of patients was 36.38 ± 10.62 yr, while 63.89 per cent were males. The main mode of transmission of HIV for males and females were unprotected exposure to commercial sex (139, 60.44%) and intercourse with HIV seropositive spouses (89, 68.46%), respectively. Fever (104, 28.89%), weight loss (103, 28.61%) and generalized weakness (80, 22.22%) were the predominant symptoms. Overall mean CD4 count was 176.04 ± 163.49 cells/μl (males 142.19 ± 139.33 cells/μl; females 235.92 ± 185.11 cells/μl). Overall, 224 opportunistic infections were documented in 160 patients, opportunistic diarrhoea (44, 12.22%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (39, 10.83%) being the commonest. There were 83 and 133 patients in WHO clinical stages 3 and 4, respectively; 291 (80.83%) patients were eligible for initiation of first-line antiretrovirals at presentation. Interpretation & conclusions: Advanced immunodeficiency and burden of opportunistic infections characterize newly diagnosed HIV patients in eastern India. The physicians should keep in mind that these patients may have more than one clinical condition at presentation.

3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 29(4): 339-344, Apr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519584

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve por objetivo traçar o perfil imunológico, pela marcação imunocitoquímica e quantificação de linfócitos T e B, de bovinos da raça Curraleiro. Para tal, foram utilizados 116 animais entre machos e fêmeas, de diferentes faixas etárias, provenientes de duas propriedades de criação de gado Curraleiro do Estado de Goiás, sendo alocados em grupos conforme a faixa etária, sexo e origem. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas e processadas para a realização da técnica de imunocitoquímica, sendo utilizados os marcadores linfóides espécie-específicos, anti-CD3 (MM1A-BoCD3) e anti-LB (LCTB16A-clone B-B14), para a quantificação de linfócitos T e B, respectivamente. Inicialmente os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e, posteriormente, aos testes de Kruskall Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Verificou-se que, com o avançar da idade, os níveis de leucócitos, linfócitos, linfócitos T e B diminuíram. Os valores absolutos de leucócitos, linfócitos totais e linfócitos T foram maiores nos machos. Nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados sofreu influência em relação à qualidade do manejo nas propriedades.


The aim of this study was to establish an immunological profile by marking and quantification of T and B lymphocytes in Curraleiro breed by immunocytochemistry. A total of 116 cattle was used, males and females of different ages, from two farms situated in the Goiás State, Brazil. The animals were allotted into groups according to age, sex and origin. Blood samples were collected and processed in accordance with immunocytochemistry standard technique using lymphoid markers species-specific, as anti-CD3 (MM1A - BoCD3) and anti-LB (LCTB16A-clone B-B14), for T and B lymphocyte counting, respectively. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and to Kruskall Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed decreased levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes along the age advance. Absolute values of leukocytes, lymphocytes and T lymphocytes were higher in males than females. None of the evaluated parameters were affected by differences of the management carried out at the two farms.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Immunohistochemistry , Immunophenotyping/methods , Lymphocytes
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