ABSTRACT
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Abstract: Introduction: COPD is an important sanitary problem. It is the fourth cause of death worldwide, with a prevalence of 19.7% in Uruguay. It is a preventable and treatable disease, characterized by persistent airflow limitation associated to chronic inflammatory airway response and pulmonary parenchima destruction as a consecuence of exposure to noxious particles. Objectives: Describe clinical and demographic features of a group of COPD patients. Determine the disease´s severity and its impact over the quality of life. Materials and methods: This is an observational, descriptive and transversal study which included 61 inpatients of Hospital Pasteur´s Internal Medicine service who were summoned for their follow-up at the COPD outpatient clinic between October 1st 2015 and December 31st 2016. The inclusion criteria were: both genders, over 40 years of age, presence of risk factors, congruent symptoms and signs or previous COPD diagnosis. The exclusion criteria were: moderate to severe cognitive impairment, bedridden patients, pregnancy, active pulmonary tuberculosis, neuromuscular diseases. The sampling was done by convenience. Data was obtained from ambulatory follow-up and processed with the programme EPI-DATA version 3.1 and PSPP. Results: The diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by spirometry in 42 of the 61 summoned patients. The mean age of COPD patients was 63 years (± 11), prevailing among males (24, 57.1%). The majority had a low education level (incomplete primary schooling in 15 patients, 35.7%). Smoking constituted a risk factor in 100%, with mean pack-year index (PYI) of 81.9 (± 59.8). More than half associated at least two risk factors. 21 patients (50%) had grade 3 mMRC (Modified British Medical Research Council) dyspnea, while 26 (61.9%) had frequent exacerbations. The mean value obtained in the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was 19.58 (SD 10.56). Therefore, most patients belonged to groups D (17, 40.4%) and C (9, 21.4%) defined by the GOLD Report 2017. Where airflow limitation is concerned, the majority corresponded to group GOLD 2 or moderate limitation. Conclusions: He existence of selection biases determined a small number of COPD patients. The average age and sex agreed with international data. The low level of instruction may have implications for adherence to controls and treatment. The average API was higher than in international studies. The association of risk factors was linked to worse results. The COPD patients analyzed were highly symptomatic, presented frequent exacerbations and had an important impact on quality of life, unlike that observed in large European studies that show better symptomatic control of included COPD. The foregoing did not correlate with a severe limitation to air flow, as indicated in the international literature.
Resumo: Introdução: A DPOC representa um grande problema de saúde. No Uruguai, a prevalência é de 19,7%. É caracterizada por limitação persistente do fluxo aéreo associada à resposta inflamatória crônica das vias aéreas e destruição do parênquima pulmonar contra partículas nocivas. Objetivos: Conhecer as características clínico-demográficas de uma população de pacientes com DPOC. Determinar a gravidade da doença e seu impacto na vida diária. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal de 61 pacientes recrutados na admissão ao serviço de Medicina Interna do Hospital Pasteur e acompanhamento na policlínica do EPOC entre 01 de outubro de 2015 e 31 de dezembro de 2016. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ambos os sexos, acima de 40 anos de idade, fatores de risco clínicos e compatíveis ou diagnóstico prévio de DPOC. Os critérios de exclusão foram: comprometimento cognitivo moderado-grave, pacientes prostrados, gestantes, tuberculose pulmonar ativa, doenças neuromusculares. A amostragem foi feita por conveniência. Os dados foram obtidos do acompanhamento ambulatorial. O processamento dos dados foi feito no programa EPI-DATA versão 3.1 e PSPP. Resultados: Dos 61 pacientes recrutados, o diagnóstico de DPOC por espirometria em 42. A idade média da DPOC foi de 63 anos (± 11), predominando no sexo masculino (24, 57,1%) foi confirmada. A maioria tinha um baixo nível de escolaridade (primário incompleto em 15 pacientes, 35,7%). O tabagismo esteve presente como fator de risco em 100%, com uma API média de 81,9 (± 59,8). Mais da metade associava pelo menos dois fatores de risco. 21 pacientes (50%) apresentaram dispneia grau 3 do mMRC, enquanto 26 (61,9%) foram exacerbações freqüentes. O valor médio obtido no questionário CAT foi de 19,58 (DP 10,56). Assim, a maioria pertencia a grupos D (17, 40,4%) e C (9, 21,4%) definidos pelas guias de ouro 2017. Em relação limitação do fluxo de ar, em grande parte correspondeu ao ouro ou dois grupo limitação moderada . Conclusões: A existência de vieses de seleção determinou um pequeno número de pacientes com DPOC. A idade média e sexo concordaram com dados internacionais. O baixo nível de instrução pode ter implicações na adesão aos controles e tratamento. A API média foi maior do que em estudos internacionais. A associação de fatores de risco esteve ligada a piores resultados. Os pacientes com DPOC analisados foram altamente sintomáticos, apresentaram exacerbações freqüentes e tiveram impacto importante na qualidade de vida, diferentemente do observado em grandes estudos europeus que mostram melhor controle sintomático da DPOC. O precedente não se correlacionou com uma limitação severa ao fluxo de ar, como indicado na literatura internacional.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the prevalence and type of urinary incontinence (UI) after a stroke, to find the differences in urinary symptoms according to continence or incontinence, and to find the degree of impact of UI on daily life. METHOD: For data collection, we had a structured interview with a questionnaire. The subjects were 239 post stroke patients. RESULTS: Among the subjects(mean age: 65 +/- 10), 66.1 percent had an infarction, and 25.5 percent had a hemorrhage. And 26.4 percent of subjects were within 2 weeks and 28.9 percent from 1 year to 5 years since their episodes of a stroke. Forty five point six percent of subjects had various types of UI: urge 25.7 percent, stress 14.7 percent, functional 20.2 percent, and mixed 39.4 percent. There were significant differences in frequency, nocturia, decreased stream, and incomplete emptying between the incontinent and continent groups. Subjects reported UI influenced various aspect of daily life, 54.1 percent as cause of distress, 53.2 percent on overall quality of life, and 40.4 percent on sleep. The Mixed UI, including urge UI, had higher impact on daily life than others. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of UI, mixed, urge, and functional type as most prevalent, and it had a strong impact on daily life of post stroke patients.