Assessment of demographic and clinical data related to dental implants in a group of Turkish patients treated at a university clinic

PURPOSE: This retrospective study analyzed the distribution of the dental implants with regards to age and gender of the patients and type of indication for the implant therapy, as well as the location, dimension and type of the implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of demographics (age and gender), type of indication for implant therapy, anatomical location, dimensions (length and diameter) and type (bone and tissue level) of 1616 implants were recorded from patient charts between January 2000 and January 2010. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using a chi-squared test for demographic parameters, type of indication, tooth position, anatomical location, implant dimensions and type (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The patient pool comprised of 350 women and 266 men, with a mean age of 52.12 +/- 13.79 years. The difference in n% of the implants of the age groups was statistically significant between the types of indications. The difference in the position of the implants was statistically significant between the n% of the implants of all age groups. Gender did not significantly vary, except that the diameter of the implants was significantly higher for the standard diameter implants in males. The difference between the implant positions was statistically significant when considered according to indication. The relationship between implant length and anatomical location was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The indication for dental implant use is age dependent and the type and size of the implant seems to be strongly related to the location of the implant.

Consideraciones en el manejo de los implantes en la zona estética / Management considerations of dental implants at the aesthetic zone

La adecuada oseointegración de un implante no es suficiente para declarar el éxito; los implantes colocados en inadecuadas posiciones, terminan con restauraciones antiestéticas que no proveen satisfacción ni al clínico ni al paciente. La creación de una restauración sobre implante que luzca naturalmente estética, depende no solamente de la apropiada colocación del implante sino de la reconstrucción de una arquitectura gingival que esté en armonía con el componente labial y el facial. La terapia con implantes ha demostrado ser un tratamiento efectivo en el remplazo de estructuras dentarias. Parece ser un tratamiento sencillo, pero para obtener resultados óptimos, la restauración debe tener un balance armonioso entre la función, la estética y los principios biológicos. Esta filosofía ha generado el concepto de implantes guiados protésicamente, en el cuallos implantes son colocados con base en los requisitos de la restauración final, y no simplemente en la disponibilidad del hueso en la zona para el implante.

Adequate osseointegration of an implant is not always sufficient to obtain success; implants placed in inadequate positions end up with unaesthetic restorations that do not provide satisfaction to the professional or the patient. The placement of an esthetic restoration over an implant depends not only on the appropriate placement of the implant but also on the proper reconstruction of the gingival architecture in harmony with the facial and labial component. Therapy with implants has demonstrated to be an effective treatment for the replacement of tooth structures. It seems to be a simple treatment, although in order to obtain good results, the restoration must have a harmonious balance between function, esthetics and biological principles. This philosophy has generated the concept of “prosthetic guided implants”, in which the implants are placed in relation to the final restoration rather that the availability of bone for the implant.

Finite element stress analysis according to apical-coronal implant position

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of apical-coronal implant position on the stress distribution after occlusal and oblique loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cortical and cancellous bone was assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. The implant was apposed to cortical bone in the crestal region and to cancellous bone for the remainder of the implant-bone interface. The cancellous core was surrounded by 2-mm-thick cortical bone. An axial load of 200 N was assumed and a 200-N oblique load was applied at a buccal inclination of 30 degrees to the center of the pontic and buccal cusps. The 3-D geometry modeled in Iron CAD was interfaced with ANSYS. RESULTS: When only the stress in the bone was compared, the minimal principal stress at load Points A and B, with a axial load applied at 90 degrees or an oblique load applied at 30 degrees, for model 5. The von Mises stress in the screw of model 5 was minimal at Points A and B, for 90- and 30-degree loads. When the von Mises stress of the abutment screw was compared at Points A and B, and a 30-degree oblique load, the maximum principal stress was seen with model 2, while the minimum principal stress was with model 5. In the case of implant, the model that received maximum von Mises stress was model 1 with the load Point A and Point B, axial load applied in 90-degree, and oblique load applied in 30-degree. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results suggests that implantation should be done at the supracrestal level only when necessary, since it results in higher stress than when implantation is done at or below the alveolar bone level. Within the limited this study, we recommend the use of supracrestal apical-coronal positioning in the case of clinical indications.

Influence of soft tissue and bone thickness on the dimensional change of peri-implant soft tissues: A clinical follow-up study / 대한치주과학회지

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of peri-implant soft tissue and bone thickness on the early dimensional change of peri-implant soft tissue. Seventy-seven non-submerged implants of 39 patients which had been loaded more than 6 months were selected for the study. Following clinical parameters were measured; bucco-lingual bone width of the alveolar bone for implant placement before implant surgery; distance between implant shoulder and the first bone/implant contact at the surgery; presence of plaque, probing depth, bleeding on probing, width of keratinized mucosa, mucosa thickness, distance between implant shoulder and peri-implant mucosa, crown margin location at follow-up examination. The results showed that distance between implant shoulder and peri-implant mucosa (DIM) was correlated with probing depth and width of keratinized mucosa (p < 0.05). In addition, mucosa thickness was also correlated with probing depth (p<0.05). However, the bone width of alveolar bone and soft tissue thickness were not found to be correlated with DIM. It is important to understand the meaning of peri-implant tissue dimension in relation to dimensional changes of peri-implant soft tissue which designates appearance of implant-supported restorations. Future study is needed to elucidate the significance of the buccal bone thickness and soft tissue thickness with respect to the change of peri-implant soft tissue margin with the use of an instrument capable of measuring buccal bone thickness directly.