Current Overview for Chemical Disinfection of Dental Impressions and Models based on its Criteria of Usage: A Microbiological Study

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of two proven chemical disinfectants, glutaraldehyde and povidone iodine on dental impression and models by determining the reduction in the microbial load, and to compare changes in the physical properties of the models after adding the disinfectants. Materials and Methods: Irreversible hydrocolloid upper impressions of 90 patients were made and divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each; Group A––Control group; Impressions were run under clean tap water before pouring the model. Group B––2% Glutaraldehyde sprayed on the impression and left in situ for 10 min before pouring the model. Group C –10 ml of (5%) povidone iodine incorporated into the gypsum before pouring the model. Models from all three groups were subjected to microbiological assessment at three different time intervals, T0––24 h, T1––1 month and T2––3 months of storage by comparing the colony forming units (CFUs) of bacteria and fungi. The compressive strength of 5 models from each group was also analyzed in Newton’s/mm2. Results: 2% Glutaraldehyde proved more effective than povidone iodine after 24 h of storage (T1), however at the end of 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2) the Povidone group showed the maximum disinfection. Both the disinfectants caused a reduction in the compressive strength of the model with the povidone iodine group showing the maximum reduction. Conclusion: Although povidone iodine was the most effective disinfectant after 3 months, it showed a significant reduction in the compressive strength and caused discoloration of the model. 2% Glutaraldehyde proved to be the choice of disinfectant with minimal adverse effects

Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners and Conventional pressions in Full-Arches: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate intraoral scanners accuracy in full-arches, comparing them with conventional impressions. A scientific research performed in MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and SciELO databases was conducted to analyze articles published between 2015 and 2020. Clinical and in vitro studies that evaluated accuracy (precision and trueness) from intraoral scanners and conventional impressions in full-arches were included. Two tests were applied to evaluate the methodological bias from the studies. Out of the 191 articles found, seven of them were selected for a qualitative analysis. In clinical studies,intraoral scanners CEREC Omnicam and 3Shape TRIOS Colorhad the highest precision compared to conventional irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. In in vitro studies, conventional polyvinyl siloxane impressions showed the highest accuracy, followed by intraoral scanners Cadent iTero and CEREC Omnicam, while irreversible hydrocolloid impressions showed the lowest accuracy. Digital intraoral impression systems do not show superior accuracycompared to highly accurate conventional impression techniques. However, they provide excellent clinical results and both methods are clinically accepted.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la exactitud de escáneres intraorales en impresiones digitales de arco completo en comparación con las impresiones convencionales. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EBSCOhost y SciELO para analizar artículos publicados entre los años 2015 y 2020. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos e in vitro que evaluaran exactitud (precisión y/o veracidad) de escáneres intraorales impresiones convencionales en arcos completos. Dos pautas se aplicaron para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios. De 191 artículos encontrados, 7 fueron seleccionados para un análisis cualitativo. En los estudios clínicos, los escáneres intraorales CEREC Omnicam y 3Shape TRIOS Color presentaron la mayor precisiónen comparación con las impresiones convencionales de hidrocoloide irreversible. En los estudios in vitro, las impresiones de polivinil siloxano presentaron la mayor exactitud seguido por los escáneres intraorales CadentiTero y CEREC Omnicam, mientras quelas impresiones de hidrocoloide irreversible presentaron la menor exactitud. Los sistemas de impresión digital intraoral no mostraron tener una exactitud superior comparados con las técnicas de impresión convencional de gran exactitud. Sin embargo, proveen excelentes resultados clínicos y ambos métodos son clínicamente aceptables.

Precisión de los sistemas de impresión digital intraoral en odontología restauradora: Una revisión de la literatura / Accuracy of Intraoral Digital Impression Systems in Restorative Dentistry: A Review of the Literature

Abstract: La impresión intraoral permite al odontólogo obtener directamente los datos de las piezas dentales que se requiera rehabilitar, otorgándole mayor precisión y eliminando así de la fase clínica la toma de impresión y la fabricación del modelo, aspectos sensibles a errores. El objetivo de la presente revisión es identificar el sistema de impresión digital intraoral más preciso y además identificar los factores que afectan a la precisión de esta en odontología restauradora. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica con búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed y Embase se obtuvieron 153 artículos, luego de la evaluación cualitativa se incluyeron en la revisión 14 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se determinó que la experiencia del dentista, la convergencia en la preparación dental y la terminación cervical son determinantes al momento de la toma de impresión digital, sin embargo, el uso o no de polvo no es relevante. El sistema de impresión digital Lava C.O.S., iTero y True definition son los más precisos dependiendo siempre del tipo de rehabilitación a realizar.

Abstract: Digital impresión allows the dentist to directly obtain the data of the dental pieces that neet to be rehabilitated, giving it greater precisión and thus eliminating the impression and manufacturing of the dental model, error-sensitive aspects of the clinical phase. The aim of this review is to identify the most accurate intraoral digital impression system and identifiy the factors that affect the accuracy in the restorative dentistry. Through a bibliographic review with search in PubMed and Embase databases, 153 articles were obtained, after qualitative evaluation they were included in the revisión 14 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was determined that the experience of the dentist, the convergence in the dental preparation and the cervical termination are decisive at the accuracy of the digital impression, however, the use or not of dust is not relevant. The Lava C.O.S., iTero and True definition are the most accurate always depending on the type of rehabilitation to be performed.

Three-dimensional evaluation of extended pour alginate impression materials following variable storage time intervals and conditions

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the dimensional accuracy of the stone casts made of three extended pour alginate impressions materials (Cavex Colorchange, Kromopan, and Neocolloid) following storage under different storage conditions and pouring at different time intervals. Materials and Methods: A maxillary Frasaco (dentulous) model was selected as a standard model. Index holes of 1 mm depth and 1 mm diameter were made on the palatal cusp tips of right and left first premolars, mesiopalatal cusp tips of right and left third molars and in the midline of the palate, perpendicular to a line joining the index holes made on cusp tips of the first premolars as reference points for measurement. A single uniformly spaced custom tray was fabricated with heat-cure acrylic resin and used to make impressions for the entire study. A total of 210 impressions of the master model were made, seventy impressions were made from each of the alginate material brands and were subjected to three storage conditions (open air, uncontrolled humidity, and 100% controlled humidity) for three different storage time intervals (0, 1, 6 h). Since no storage was done in the immediate-pour group, it contained 10 specimens from each brand. Following the designated storage time interval, all impressions were poured in type IV gypsum. Measurements of stone casts were done in three dimensions, anteroposterior, lateral using Measuroscope and vertical by Dial Gauge. Data were organized in tables and statistical analyses were performed. Three-way ANOVAs were used to check if the material brands, storage time intervals, and conditions affect the measurements. Tukey HSD post hoc tests were used for the multiple comparisons if ANOVA is significant. One sample t-test was used to compare between the casts made of alginate brands and the master model. Significance level was set to α < 0.05 for all tests. Results: Results showed that the material brands, storage time intervals, and conditions do affect the measurements in all three dimensions (all P < 0.05). In addition, all two-way and three-way interactions were significant for all measurements except the interaction of storage time intervals and conditions for B–C (lateral) measurements, and interaction of material brands and storage time intervals for C–D (anteroposteriorly) measurements. When stone casts were compared to the master model, immediate pour, and storage for 1 h in 100% controlled humidity resulted in statistically insignificant changes among all three alginate impression brands. In addition, the specimens made of Cavex Colorchange and Kromopan following storage in uncontrolled humidity condition for 1 h showed statistical insignificance when compared to the master model. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be extrapolated that, although this class of alginate impression materials was manufactured for extended pour purposes, clinicians should avoid storage of the studied brands for 6 h. Whenever 1 h to pour is necessary, 100% controlled humidity is the ideal and standardized environment for all three alginate brands. Perhaps, Cavex Colorchange, and Kromopan can be safely stored in uncontrolled humidity condition while maintaining their optimal dimensional accuracy.

Comparison of the marginal fit of milled yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide crowns obtained by scanning silicone impressions and by scanning stone replicas

PURPOSE: To determine the discrepancy in monolithic zirconium dioxide crowns made with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems by comparing scans of silicone impressions and of master casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a Cr-Co master die of a first upper left molar, 30 silicone impressions were taken. The 30 silicone impressions were scanned with the laboratory scanner, thus obtaining 30 milled monolithic yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZD) crowns (the silicone group). They were poured and the working models were scanned, obtaining 30 milled monolithic yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZD) crowns (the plaster group). Three predetermined points were analyzed in each side of the crown (Mesial, Distal ,Vestibular and Palatal), and the marginal fit was evaluated with SEM (×600). The response variable is the discrepancy from the master model. A repeated measures ANOVA with two within subject factors was performed to study significance of main factors and interaction. RESULTS: Mean marginal discrepancy was 22.42±35.65 µm in the silicone group and 8.94±14.69 µm in the plaster group. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the two groups and also among the four aspects. Interaction was also significant (P=.02). CONCLUSION: The mean marginal fit values of the two groups were within the clinically acceptable values. Significant differences were found between the groups according to the aspects studied. Various factors influenced the accuracy of digitizing, such as the design, the geometry, and the preparation guidance, as well as the texture, roughness and the color of the scanned material.

Evaluation of Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical test (DRIT) of Canis lupus familiaris hippocampal touch impression smears using a monospecific polyclonal antibody for rabies virus detection

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Rabies is an important zoonotic disease that needs to be eradicated worldwide. It is still prevalent in the Philippines, thus development of a relatively affordable but still accurate and rapid post-mortem detection test for the virus is desired, especially in regional laboratories.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong>The study evaluated the Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Testing (DRIT) of hippocampal touch impressions of suspected rabid Canis lupus familiaris using monospecific N protein polyclonal antibody developed by the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM). One hundred sixty (160) acetone-fixed hippocampal touch impressions were subjected DRIT.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> One hundred thirteen (70.6%) out of 160 samples tested positive for rabies viral antigen (RVA) and 47 (29.4%) out of 160 samples tested negative for RVA. No false positive and false negative results were obtained. The results agree with the gold standard, dFAT.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> DRIT was able to detect low to high concentrations of RVA in the hippocampal touch impressions based on the grading distribution. DRIT had 100% sensitivity, specificity and over-all accuracy using monospecific polyclonal antibodies, which suggests its use as a more affordable alternative to the gold standard dFAT.</p>

Application of CEREC Bluecam digital impressions in tooth preparation of fixed bridge / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study CEREC Bluecam digital impressions in tooth preparation of fixed bridge.Methods Totally 80 patients of tooth preparation of 3 units fixed bridge were divided into experiment group (with CEREC Bluecam digital impressions system) and control group (with traditional method) randomly,and then captured the CEREC Bluecam digital impressions and made the dental models after the tooth preparation.Shoulders width,smooth and continuation of shoulders,paleness of shoulders edge,axial chamfers,axial converge degree,occlusal space and common path of insertion were analyzed.Results In the digital impressions in the equality of shoulders width,smooth and continuation of shoulders,paleness of shoulders edge,axial chamfers,axial converge degree,occlusal space and common path of insertion,the experiment group was better than control group:95.0％ (38 cases) vs.62.5％ (25 cases),92.5％ (37 cases) vs.77.5％ (31 cases),97.5％ (39 cases) vs.75.0％ (30 cases),95.0％ (38 cases) vs.72.5％ (29 cases),90.0％ (36 cases) vs.65.0％ (26 cases),100.0％ (40 cases) vs.52.5％ (21 cases),and 97.5％ (39 cases)vs.75.0％ (30 cases),respectively,all (P＜0.05).In the dental models,the experiment group was better than control group:87.5％ (35 cases) vs.60.0％ (24 cases),97.5％ (39 cases) vs.75.0％ (30 cases),90.0％ (36 cases) vs 62.5％ (25 cases),95.0％ (38 cases) vs 75.0％(30 cases),92.5％ (37 cases) vs 70.0％ (28 cases),100.0％ (40 cases) vs.72.5％ (29 cases),and 100.0％ (40 cases) vs.65.0％ (26 cases),respectively,(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The tooth preparation quality with the CEREC Bluecam digital impressions is better than that of the traditional method.

Clinical Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy in a University Hospital Setting / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has become useful in psychiatric practice. This study was conducted to describe the clinical practice of ECT, including indications, efficacy, and side effects, in patients treated with modified unilateral or bilateral ECT. METHODS: The clinical records of patients treated with ECT during the period of January 2002 to December 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 107 patients (83 unilateral and 24 bilateral) were included in the analysis. Diagnostic categories treated were schizophrenia (46.7%), major depression (42.1%), bipolar disorder (9.3%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (1.9%). Right unilateral or bilateral ECT was administered with brief pulse stimulation using modified ECT. Severity of illness and clinical improvement were measured using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale. RESULTS: A positive response to ECT was found in 56.1% according to response criteria of the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) score of 1 or 2. Response rates (based on CGI-I < or =2) for schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were 48.0%, 62.2%, 70.0%, and 50.0%, respectively (p=0.42). Although unilateral and bilateral ECT did not differ in rates of response, bilateral ECT resulted in more rapid onset of improvement. Bilateral ECT showed association with more adverse side effects (unilateral 31.3% vs. bilateral 70.8%). CONCLUSION: ECT is a highly effective and safe therapeutic option in the treatment of psychiatric illness, particularly in major mood disorder and schizophrenia. The use of ECT in a university hospital psychiatric unit in South Korea reflects similar results to those described in the international literature.

Clinical Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy in a University Hospital Setting / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has become useful in psychiatric practice. This study was conducted to describe the clinical practice of ECT, including indications, efficacy, and side effects, in patients treated with modified unilateral or bilateral ECT. METHODS: The clinical records of patients treated with ECT during the period of January 2002 to December 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 107 patients (83 unilateral and 24 bilateral) were included in the analysis. Diagnostic categories treated were schizophrenia (46.7%), major depression (42.1%), bipolar disorder (9.3%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (1.9%). Right unilateral or bilateral ECT was administered with brief pulse stimulation using modified ECT. Severity of illness and clinical improvement were measured using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale. RESULTS: A positive response to ECT was found in 56.1% according to response criteria of the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) score of 1 or 2. Response rates (based on CGI-I < or =2) for schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were 48.0%, 62.2%, 70.0%, and 50.0%, respectively (p=0.42). Although unilateral and bilateral ECT did not differ in rates of response, bilateral ECT resulted in more rapid onset of improvement. Bilateral ECT showed association with more adverse side effects (unilateral 31.3% vs. bilateral 70.8%). CONCLUSION: ECT is a highly effective and safe therapeutic option in the treatment of psychiatric illness, particularly in major mood disorder and schizophrenia. The use of ECT in a university hospital psychiatric unit in South Korea reflects similar results to those described in the international literature.

Compreensão de usuárias de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família sobre o exame Papanicolaou / The understanding of users of a Family Health Unit about the pap smear test

Na tentativa de prevenir o câncer de colo uterino, foram instituídas várias ações de prevenção, dentre as quais, o Exame Papanicolaou que cumpre com a função de detecção precoce de células cancerosas ou de seus precursores. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar o discurso sobre a compreensão, os sentimentos e as expectativas de mulheres em relação ao Exame Papanicolaou. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado junto a dez usuárias de uma Unidade Integrada de Saúde da Família, no município de João Pessoa (PB). A coleta de dados se deu em abril de 2011, através de entrevista gravada. Foram identificadas oito ideias centrais: prevenção de doenças; busca por conta própria; busca por estímulo de outra pessoa; sentimento de vergonha e constrangimento; sensação de dor; sentimento de satisfação; conversas durante o exame e troca de conhecimentos acerca da saúde da mulher. Frente aos relatos, muitas são as dificuldades a serem vencidas para proporcionar melhor adesão das mulheres ao exame Papanicolaou.

In the attempt to prevent cervical cancer, various preventive measures have been instituted, notable among which is the pap smear test, which fulfills the function of early detection of cancer cells or their precursors. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the discourse on the knowledge, feelings and expectations of women regarding the pap smear test. This is an exploratory qualitative approach, conducted with ten users of a Integrated Family Health Unit in the city of João Pessoa in the State of Paraíba. Data collection was conducted through recorded interviews in April 2011. Eight core ideas were identified: prevention of disease; self-motivated search, search recommended by another person; sense of shame and embarrassment, sensation of pain, feeling of satisfaction; conversations during the examination and exchange of knowledge about women's health. Based on the reports, there are many difficulties to be overcome to ensure greater adherence of women to the pap smear test.

Exame Papanicolaou: sentimentos relatados por profissionais de enfermagem ao se submeterem a esse exame / Pap smear screening: sensations reported by nursing professionals when submitted to this test

Objetivou-se conhecer os sentimentos de auxiliares e técnicas de enfermagem ao se submeterem ao exame Papanicolaou. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado nos meses de setembro a outubro de 2006, com 35 servidoras de uma instituição governamental referência em ginecologia na cidade de Fortaleza (CE). Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada, contendo uma questão norteadora gravada e analisada de acordo com referencial teórico metodológico da fenomenologia social. Os relatos foram agrupados em três temáticas: um exame que causa incômodo, medo e vergonha; um exame que gera ansiedade quanto aos resultados; e um exame que "me deixa calma e tranquila". Apesar de as entrevistadas pertencerem a uma instituição que cuida de mulheres na prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino, elas não deixaram de emitir sentimentos negativos relacionados ao exame. Concluiu-se a importância de realizar projetos educativos, enfatizando a importância do empoderamento das usuárias a fim de minimizar essas questões.

This work sought to record the impressions of nursing assistants and technicians after submitting to Pap smear screening. This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach conducted in September and October of 2006 with 35 employees of a public institution, which is a benchmark in gynecology in Fortaleza in the State of Ceará (Brazil). The data was collected through semi-structured interviews containing a recorded leading question and analyzed according to the methodological-theoretical reference of social phenomenology. The testimonials were separated in three groups: an exam that causes discomfort, fear and shame; an exam that causes anxiety about the results; and an exam that "makes me calm and relaxed". Despite the interviewees being part of an institution that cares for the prevention of cervical-uterine cancer in women, negative feelings about the Pap smear test were nonetheless reported. The conclusion reached is that it is important to stage educational campaigns emphasizing the importance of empowerment of patients in order to minimize these aspects.

Impressões e sentimentos de gestantes em relação à ultra-sonografia obstétrica no contexto de normalidade fetal / Impressions and feelings of pregnant women concerning obstetric ultrasound in the context of fetal normality

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as impressões e sentimentos das gestantes sobre a ultra-sonografia obstétrica, no contexto de normalidade fetal. Participaram do estudo 11 gestantes primíparas, com idades entre 18 e 35 anos e idades gestacional entre 11 e 24 semanas, que estavam sendo submetidas pela primeira vez à ultra-sonografia. Elas responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, antes, logo depois e três semanas depois do exame. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas revelou a satisfação e a intensidade vivenciadas no exame; a sua importância ao permitir conhecer o bebê antes do nascimento; por promover um sentimento de concretização da gravidez e do bebê; e, por informar sobre a saúde do bebê, possibilitando intervenções precoces. Repercussões do exame envolveram, ainda, maior aproximação e cuidado dos familiares para com a gestante. A ultra-sonografia parece ser um momento notório no transcorrer da gravidez, merecendo atenção dos familiares e, especialmente, dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impressions and feelings of pregnant women concerning obstetric ultrasound in the context of fetal normality. Eleven primiparous pregnant women, ages 18 to 35 and with 11 to 24 weeks of gestation, who were undergoing ultrasound examinations for the first time, took part in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before, during and three weeks after the examination. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews revealed that the examination rendered an experience of satisfaction and intensity; is important as it allows for the baby to be known before birth; promotes the feeling of concreteness of both the pregnancy and the baby; informs about the baby's health, enabling early interventions. Repercussions of the examination also involved greater contact and care of the pregnant women from relatives. Obstetric ultrasound seems to be a remarkable moment during pregnancy, deserving attention from relatives and, especially, from the health professionals involved.