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Objective To analyze nutritional status among students participating in "nutrition improvement program" for the compulsory education students in Xi'an, and to provide a reference basis for student nutrition improvement. Methods Eleven districts and counties were selected. About 10% primary and junior high schools were selected from the nutrition improvement program. A total of 31,941 primary and junior high school students were selected. Height and weight were measured according to the standard methods. Results Malnutrition rate of 6~15 years old boys was 10.58% (stunting rate 2.40%, wasting rate 8.18%). Overweight and obesity rate was 14.23% and 11.22%, respectively. Malnutrition rate of 6~15 years old girls was 8.56% (stunting rate 2.17%, and wasting rate 6.40%). Overweight and obesity rate was 10.43% and 7.56%, respectively. The nutritional status of students in different gender, school period, feeding pattern and school location was analyzed. The malnutrition rate was higher in boys than in girls (10.58% vs 8.56%) (P<0.05). The combined obesity-overweight rate was higher in boys than girls (25.45% vs 17.99%) (P<0.05). The combined obesity-overweight rate was higher in 6~12 aged students than in 13-15 aged (22.82% vs 16.06%) (P<0.05). The combined obesity-overweight rate was higher (26.10%) (P<0.05) in the schools located in urban areas. The rate of malnutrition among students in the school-based cafeteria was higher (10.93%) (P<0.05), while the rate of overweight and obesity was higher in the students with meals supplied by the food suppling enterprise (25.18%) (P<0.05). Conclusions The malnutrition and overweight and obesity both existed in students who benefitted from the nutrition improvement program. Attention should be paid to the malnutrition of boys and county schools, the overweight and obesity of boys, 6-12 years old students, and urban students. It is suggested that while implementing the nutrition improvement plan, the nutrition health education in students should be strengthened to avoid an increase of overweight and obesity rate.
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As proposed in 2019 Annual Congress of the Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation, the overall objective of the development of organ transplantation in China is to deepen the structural reform of the supply side comprehensively, to promote the transition of organ transplantation from the quantitative scale model to the quality-lifting type, and to promote the scientific, balanced, standardized and high-quality development of organ transplantation. This paper introduces the construction of quality management system and the implementation of quality improvement program in the field of surgery and transplantation in the United States, summarizes the preliminary work of how to combine foreign experience to promote the construction of quality improvement program of renal transplantation in our country, and proposes the idea of extending the quality improvement program of organ transplantation.
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ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to analyze the evolution of the quality of raw milk produced by producers in the Zona da Mata region, in the state of Minas Gerais, between 2012 and 2018. For this purpose, we used the linear mixed-effects model to analyze the monthly evolution of the results of milk composition indicators (fat, protein, and defatted dry extract - DDE), somatic cell count - SCC, and total bacterial count - TBC, from the official monthly registry of 94 milk producers, suppliers of a region's dairy. Results indicate a continuous reduction in the milk composition indicators between 2014 and 2018. For the SCC and TBC indicators, we identified only one-off reductions. The supply of a larger volume of milk was associated with increased TBC. Seasonality influenced all quality indicators analyzed. According to these results, we concluded that the analyzed quality of chilled raw milk offered by producers was proven worse from 2012 to 2018, despite the actions implemented by the National Milk Quality Improvement Program - PNMQL.
RESUMO: Este artigo objetivou analisar a evolução da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado produzido por produtores da região da Zona da Mata, do Estado de Minas Gerais, entre os anos de 2012 e 2018. Para tal, foi utilizado o modelo linear de efeitos mistos, a fim de analisar a evolução mensal dos resultados de indicadores de composição do leite (gordura, proteína e extrato seco desengordurado - ESD), contagem de células somáticas - CCS, e contagem bacteriana total - CBT, provenientes de análises oficiais mensais de 94 produtores de leite, fornecedores de um laticínio da região. Os resultados indicaram uma redução contínua dos indicadores de composição do leite entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. Para os indicadores de CCS e CBT foram observadas apenas reduções pontuais. O fornecimento de um maior volume de leite foi associado ao aumento da CBT. A sazonalidade influenciou todos os indicadores de qualidade analisados. De posse desses resultados, pode-se afirmar que, apesar das ações implementadas pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria de Qualidade do Leite - PNMQL, a qualidade do leite cru refrigerado, proveniente dos produtores avaliados, piorou ao longo do período em análise.
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Objective To explore the application effect of "Disease-Characteristics Nursing Quality Improvement" Program (DNQIP) based on Kotter's change model in continuous improvement of patients' satisfaction and nursing quality. Methods Applicate Kotter's Change Model to implement DNQIP among 61 wards. The differences of patients' satisfaction and nursing quality among 2012 were compared (DNQIP had not been carried out by the whole hospital), 2014 (DNQIP had been carried out by the whole 61 wards) and 2016 (the 5-year-strategy had been realized). Results The 3-year-scores of patients' satisfaction were(95.94 ± 1.53), (98.18 ± 0.69), (99.43 ± 0.18) points and they were statistically significant (F=31 768.863,P=0.000).The 3-year-scores of nursing quality were (93.96 ± 0.56), (98.56 ± 0.43), (99.62 ± 0.23) points and they were statistically significant (F=3 004.598,P=0.000). The sores of 2014 were statistically improved compared with 2012 and the sores of 2016 were statistically improved compared with 2014 (P＜0.01). Conclusions DNQIP based on Kotter's change model is an effective method to improve the patients′satisfaction and nursing quality.
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Objective@#To explore the application effect of "Disease-Characteristics Nursing Quality Improvement" Program (DNQIP) based on Kotter's change model in continuous improvement of patients' satisfaction and nursing quality.@*Methods@#Applicate Kotter's Change Model to implement DNQIP among 61 wards. The differences of patients' satisfaction and nursing quality among 2012 were compared (DNQIP had not been carried out by the whole hospital), 2014 (DNQIP had been carried out by the whole 61 wards) and 2016 (the 5-year-strategy had been realized).@*Results@#The 3-year-scores of patients' satisfaction were(95.94±1.53), (98.18±0.69), (99.43±0.18) points and they were statistically significant (F=31 768.863, P=0.000).The 3-year-scores of nursing quality were (93.96±0.56), (98.56±0.43), (99.62±0.23) points and they were statistically significant (F=3 004.598, P=0.000). The sores of 2014 were statistically improved compared with 2012 and the sores of 2016 were statistically improved compared with 2014 (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#DNQIP based on Kotter's change model is an effective method to improve the patients′ satisfaction and nursing quality.
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Objective@#To reduce the noise level of surgical intensive care unit through quality improvement program based on one-meter rule.@*Methods@#Measure the status quo of noise level and find out the main noise resources. Implement one-meter rule for three weeks and retest the noise level for a period of seven days. Investigate the satisfaction of medical staff and patients. T-test was performed to compare the noise level and satisfaction.@*Results@#The mean noise level were (58.58±0.95) dB before implementation of quality improvement program and was lowered to (55.89±0.92)dB. There was a significant difference(t=4.890, P=0.001). The five time points except eleven o′clock during which the noise levels were over 60 dB decreased significantly after implementation of one-meter rule (t=2.858-6.643, P<0.05). After intervention, satisfaction related to noise level of medical staff and patients scored 10.97±0.93 and 10.63±1.15 respectively, which were higher than before (8.68±1.49, 8.13±1.18) and there were significant differences (t=-11.231,-10.701,P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#One-meter rule intervention can decrease the noise level significantly, and increase medical staff′s and patients′ satisfaction, which is worthy of extensive promotion and application.
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Objective To reduce the noise level of surgical intensive care unit through quality improvement program based on one-meter rule. Methods Measure the status quo of noise level and find out the main noise resources. Implement one-meter rule for three weeks and retest the noise level for a period of seven days. Investigate the satisfaction of medical staff and patients. T-test was performed to compare the noise level and satisfaction. Results The mean noise level were (58.58 ± 0.95) dB before implementation of quality improvement program and was lowered to (55.89 ± 0.92)dB. There was a significant difference(t=4.890, P=0.001). The five time points except eleven o′clock during which the noise levels were over 60 dB decreased significantly after implementation of one-meter rule (t=2.858-6.643, P<0.05). After intervention, satisfaction related to noise level of medical staff and patients scored 10.97±0.93 and 10.63±1.15 respectively, which were higher than before (8.68±1.49, 8.13±1.18) and there were significant differences (t=-11.231,-10.701,P<0.01). Conclusions One-meter rule intervention can decrease the noise level significantly, and increase medical staff′s and patients′ satisfaction, which is worthy of extensive promotion and application.
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Objective To explore the application of "disease-characteristics nursing quality improvement" program in the nursing practice of atrial fibrillation patients. Methods On basis of patient-centered and evidence-based nursing, the cardiovascular department of Peking University First Hospital made the "disease-characteristics nursing quality improvement" program. The differences of patients′ satisfaction, the index of work satisfaction of nurses, the index of disease management before (2014)and after(2015)the implementation of "disease-characteristics nursing quality improvement"program were observed and compared. Results Before and after the "disease-characteristics nursing quality improvement" program, the patients′ satisfaction were 90.0%(135/150) and 96.8%(149/154), the rate of well warfarin knowledge were 74.3%(78/105) and 90.2%(101/112), the compliance rate of international standardization ratio were 79.0%(83/105) and 91.1%(102/112), the rate of telephone follow-up as requested were 57.3%(86/150) and 85.7%(132/154), the rate of outpatient follow-up as requested were 72.0%(108/150) and 83.1%(128/154). The differences all above were statistically significant (χ2=5.408-30.171,all P<0.05).Before and after the"disease-characteristics nursing quality improvement"program, the scores of the index of work satisfaction were(135.19±19.17)and(178.37±18.46)points.The difference was statistically significant (t=-13.577, P<0.05). Conclusions The "disease-characteristics nursing quality improvement"program is an effective method to improve the nursing quality of patients with atrial fibrillation.
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OBJECTIVE:To improve automatic outpatient pharmacy drug delivery system in our hospital,and to promote the efficiency of automatic drug delivery. METHODS:The outpatient pharmacy automation system of our hospital was introduced in terms of main structure,working process and application. The work efficiency,safety and error were compared between automatic drug delivery mode and manual drug delivery mode. Drug delivery machine was improved to increase the rate of drug delivery. RE-SULTS:The outpatient pharmacy automation system of our hospital included 2 boxed drug delivery machine and 1 drug dispensing machine,etc. Compared with manual drug delivery mode,automatic drug delivery mode improved drug delivery efficiency,health security and use security,and reduced drug delivery error. Through adjusting the time setting and step of drug delivery of gearing in drug delivery machine,idle time of transmission equipment was utilized effectively,and the quantity of delivered prescriptions was increased,increasing from 220 to 320 each hour. CONCLUSIONS:The reasonable improvement of outpatient pharmacy auto-mation system makes outpatient pharmacy automation system play a bigger role,and further optimize resources.
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STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of blood transfusion after cervical fusion surgery, and its effect on complication rates. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Cervical spine fusions have gained interest in the literature since these procedures are now ever more frequently being performed in an outpatient setting with few complications. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify patients that underwent cervical fusion from 2010 to 2013. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine postoperative complications associated with transfusion and cervical fusion. RESULTS: We identified 11,588 patients who had cervical fusion between 2010 and 2013. The rate of blood transfusion following cervical fusion found to be 1.47%. All transfused patients were found to have increased risk of venous thromboembolism (TBE) (odds ratio [OR], 3.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16–8.77), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR, 9.12; 95% CI, 2.53–32.8), increased length of stay (LOS) (OR, 28.03; 95% CI, 14.28–55.01) and mortality (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.44–11.93). Single level fusion had increased risk of TBE (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.01–11.33), MI (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 1.88–59.89), and LOS (OR, 14.79; 95% CI, 8.2–26.67). Multilevel fusion had increased risk of TBE (OR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.15–27.6), surgical site infection (OR, 16.29; 95% CI, 3.34–79.49), MI (OR, 10.84; 95% CI, 2.01–58.55), LOS (OR, 26.56; 95% CI, 11.8–59.78), and mortality (OR, 10.24; 95% CI, 2.45–42.71). Patients who had anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery and received a transfusion had an increased risk of TBE (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.04–22.82), surgical site infection (OR, 9.73; 95% CI, 2.14–44.1), MI (OR, 9.88; 95% CI, 1.87–52.2), increased LOS of more than 2 days (OR, 28.34; 95% CI, 13.79–58.21) and increase in mortality (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.76–22.48). While, transfused patients who had posterior fusion surgery had increased risk of MI (OR, 10.45; 95% CI, 1.42–77.12) and increased LOS of more than 6 days (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.68–7.29). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that although cervical fusions can be done as outpatient procedures special precautions and investigations should be done for patients who receive transfusion after cervical fusion. These patients are demonstrated to have higher rate of MI, TBE, wound infection and mortality when compared to those who do not receive transfusion.
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Humans , Blood Transfusion , Cohort Studies , Diskectomy , Length of Stay , Mortality , Myocardial Infarction , Outpatients , Postoperative Complications , Prevalence , Quality Improvement , Retrospective Studies , Spine , Surgeons , Surgical Wound Infection , Venous Thromboembolism , Wound InfectionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to develop dietary change program items that could be used to improve dietary life of the elderly and investigate their validity. METHODS: The survey was were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 21) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, χ² test, One-way ANOVA and Friedman test were used to determine the priority. RESULTS: Programs for feeding senior citizens that need to be newly established are largely divided into two fields, namely, application of welfare facilities and application of home care, classified into large, medium and sub-classes. The large class was divided into nutrition management, sanitary control, and other health management. The medium class of nutrition management was divided into nutrition education, nutrition intervention, and menu management and supply. The sub-class was composed of division into application of welfare facilities for the elderly and application of home care for the same age group. Responses showed high rate saying that all the categorized items were necessary and valid. With respect to expectation effect on a community program for old people feeding, ‘yes’ was 65 people (55.6%) showing very high expectation toward the question whether a community program for old people feeding are newly set up. CONCLUSIONS: It is believed that nutrition for the aged will be improved and it will be a help not only to a small facilities without obligation of employing a dietician but also to the aged at home if a community program for old people feeding are newly established.
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Aged , Humans , Education , Feasibility Studies , Home Care Services , Nutritionists , Program DevelopmentABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Compliance with hand hygiene protocols is one of the simplest ways to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Hand hygiene is influenced by individual habits and beliefs, as well as by local organizational culture practices. This study was performed in order to increase the rate of compliance to hand hygiene through changes in the organizational culture. METHODS: From 2009 through 2011, this study was performed in a 2,000-bed tertiary-care university hospital with more than 6,000 employees. The program was implemented mainly by team activities, and the leadership and hand hygiene steering committee members supported them. Goals for planning, intervention, and evaluation of the compliance rate for hand hygiene were made annually in the hospital. RESULTS: The rate of compliance to hand hygiene increased significantly each year (43.8% in 2008, 75.3% in 2009, 80.7% in 2010, and 83.2% in 2011). The detection rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and the incidence of healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia decreased. CONCLUSION: The rate of compliance to hand hygiene was remarkably improved, and it continuously increased through systematic and continuous changes in the organizational culture. In addition, the detection rate of VRE and incidence of S. aureus bacteremia decreased. These results show that hand hygiene is an important factor for preventing HAIs.
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Bacteremia , Committee Membership , Compliance , Enterococcus , Hand Hygiene , Incidence , Organizational Culture , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Motivational factor is a unique contributor to the typically poor academic performance of children with ADHD. However, few study has directly intervened learning motivation in children with ADHD. We conducted this study to explore the direct effects of the learning motivation improvement program applied to children with ADHD. METHOD: The program was designed in order to increase an interest-inducing educational intervention, an academic skills integration, a basic learning activity(reading, writing, and math), and children's self-esteem. We conducted the program twice a week(total 10 sessions) and assessed learning motivation, learning attitude, self-esteem, academic performance, and problem behaviors of participating children. RESULTS: After the program, teachers reported improvement in learning motivation. In addition, parents notified significant reduction of problem behaviors. Children reported improvement in a few domains of learning motivation and learning attitude. CONCLUSION: While learning motivation is regarded as an important factor in education, there have been few studies considering this issue in both educational and psychiatric fields. The learning motivation improvement would be needed in both field in order to reduce the deficits in academic performance in children with ADHD.
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Child , Humans , Education , Fibrinogen , Learning , Motivation , Parents , WritingABSTRACT
Objective To improve the compliance and prognosis of patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS) by using continuous quality improvement program(CQI).Methods Survey patients by the way of using the four-step problem-solving framework referred as the PDCA cycle,i.e.plan,do,check and act.Compare the results of patients which have obtained before and after CQI.Results The follow-up rate of patients was improved from 46.9% to 83.3%, and most of the patients are willing to enter the follow-up program.The patients are more likely to receive examinations of ARAS,such as blood pressure,renal function,renal artery color duplex sonography and renal scintigraphy.The control rate of blood pressure was also improved from 45.6% to 93.1% Conclusion CQI is a useful method to improve the compliance and prognosis for ARAS patients,and nurses have played an important role during the whole process.
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A deep understanding of the dietary patterns and nutrient intake is important for assessment of possilbe nutritional risk and for establishing nutrition improvement strategies. This study was conducted toexamine the dietary characteristics of a nutritionally poor elderly group compared to the middle-and highly-nourished group. Elderly participant was recruited from local elderly centers in Suwon city in 1998. Trained dietitians interviewed 119 elderly(35 males, 84 females) aged 60 years and over for collecting dietary data(24-hour recall) and related variables. Male and female subjects were grouped into high, middle, and low according to the mean nutrient adequancy ratio(MAR) tertiles. An analysisof the percentage of RDA(Recommended Daily Allowances of Korea) for each of the 10 nutrients showed that the male low-MAR group consumed below the RDA in all kinds of nutrients, and the female low-MAR group consumed nutrients below the RDA except vitamin C. An evaluation of nutrient density by Index of Nutritonal Quality(INQ) also showed a similar tendency. Thus, the INQ level of the male low-MAR group was significantly lower than the middle-or high-MAR group, especially in protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and phosphorus(p<0.05). Moreover, INQ level of female low-MAR group was significantly lower than that of the high group(p<0.05) in all nutrients. The female low-MAR group's daily food intake were also lower than those of the high-MARgroup in gains, fish, fruits, oil and beverages. The energy distribution from carbohydrates, fats and proteins showed that the male low-MAR group had significantly higher carbohydrate and lower fat proportions compared to each gender high-MAR group, respectively. The male and female low-MAR group had low scores about eating all side dishes. These findings indicate that a moderate increase of the meat/egg/fishes intake was needed by the male low-MAR group for improving nutrition adequacy, and an overall increase of the food quantity and quality was desired for the female low-MAR group. These data could be used for planning a community elderly nutrition program and establishing strategies for tailored guidelines for the individuals.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Ascorbic Acid , Beverages , Carbohydrates , Eating , Fats , Fruit , Nutritionists , Riboflavin , Vitamin AABSTRACT
The increased number of elderly in Korea presents great challenges for community nutrition programs. Strategies to enchance elderly nutrition are needed, as well as dietary advice that are reality-based and tailored to the need of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of an elderly nutrition improvement program(ENIP), by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behavior after program completion. ENIP was conducted in Suwon for 4 months in 1998 at 5 centers for the elderly. The program provided individual nutrition counseling and brief biweekly group education sessions. To stimulate participation and motivation, the elderly in two centers were served free milk packs(200ml) three time a week during the program(milk+education group), and the elderly in 3 other centers were served yoghurt on the program day(education group). Altogether, 102 subjects finished the program(milk+education group 67 ; education group 35). Data about nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, diet records(24 hour recall) and dietary habit was collected before(baseline) and after the program(follow-up). The Drop-out rate for the milk+education group(2.9%) was significantly lower than that for the education group(30.0%)(p<.001). The Nutrition Knowledge fo females milk+education group increased significantly after the program, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Over 60% of all the elderly showed positive responses to the healthy eating attitudes. Energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, Calcium and Potassium intakes improved in the male milk+education group. The Vitamin C intake improved in the male education group. Energy and vitamin A intakes improved in the female milk+education group and energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, Ca nad P in the female education group. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of food intake changes on overall nutrient quality. For all elderly, the fish intake explained 12.6% of the variance, followed by candy intake and vegetable intake(model R2=19.6%). Dietary habits such as meal time regularity and salty food reduction were markedly improved in both groups. Sixty-one percent of the milk+education subjects stated their participation was voluntary and active, while 51% of education subjects did. Sixty four percent of the subjects stated their interest on diet increased remarkably through program participation. Considering the results, it is conjectured that ENIP had a great impact on nutrient intake, dietary attitudes and habits. Milk supplement showed no direct effects on elderly nutrition improvement, but it encouraged the program by reducting drop-out rates and inducing voluntary participation. Therefore milk supplement could enhance the community nutrition education program. Moreover it is strongly suggested that the ENIP be expanded to other communities.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Ascorbic Acid , Calcium , Candy , Counseling , Diet , Eating , Education , Feeding Behavior , Korea , Meals , Milk , Motivation , NAD , Niacin , Potassium , Riboflavin , Vegetables , Vitamin A , YogurtABSTRACT
Although many people initially enroll in health education programs, there are many instances of erratic participation and dropouts. Inconsistent participation in intervention programs minimizes their impact on health promotion. Therefore, a theoretical understanding of factors influencing participation in these programs can potentially enhance the effectiveness of its educational strategy. This study used the Pender's Health Promotion Model to examine specific factors influencing incentives to participate in an elderly nutrition education program. The Elderly Nutrition Counseling and Education Program was conducted with 147 volunteers (76 males, 71 females), aged 60 to 87, at 5 separate community elderly centers, by public health dietitians from February to April 1997. Some participants dropped out during the program. Overall, 61 people(18 males, 43 females) finished all 7 steps over 2 months. Pre-intervention data were collected by trained dietitians. This data included individual cognitive-perceptual factors(perceived benefits of nutrition improvement, importance of health, perceived control over health by multidimensional health locus of control, self esteem, perceived health status, concern about health, depression scale and social health scale), which were known to influence the likelihood of health behavior, and modifying factors(socioeconomic variables, biological characteristics, behavioral factors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise). Male finalists had a significantly lower chance for health locus of control, and better social health status with their children and grandchildren, compared to males who dropped out. Female finalists had a significantly higher locus of control regarding food behavior, higher self-esteem, better recognized nutritional status, worse self-recognized health status and lower concern about health than those who dropped out. There was no significant difference between the attendees and dropouts in age, BMI( kg/m2), Nutritional Risk Index, depression scale and daily nutrient intake. These results suggest that elderly nutrition intervention plans should focus on the individual cognitive and perceptual factors, with interpersonal influences, to increase participation in nutrition in nutrition improvement programs.
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Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking , Counseling , Depression , Education , Health Behavior , Health Education , Health Promotion , Internal-External Control , Motivation , Nutritional Status , Nutritionists , Patient Dropouts , Population Characteristics , Public Health , Self Concept , Smoke , Smoking , VolunteersABSTRACT
Physiological changes that affect nutrient absorption and utilization occur in older adults, and the collection of nutritional information is an important part of examining the nutrition and health issue. A nutritional survey using the 24-hour recall method was performed to identify nutritional quality and leading patterns of food group intake for protein, vitamin C, P and Fe were over 1, whereas those for vitamin A, B1, B2, niacin and Ca were below 1. The MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) was relatively low(0.75). The percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 65.1, 15.6, and 19.5, respectively, thus the quantities of energy source were ideal. The Older subjects revealed poorer nutrition quality than the younger subjects did. The food group intake pattern of the elderly was not diverse, only 9% of them consumed all food groups in a day. These results suggest that nutritional guiflines for older Koreans should focus on the maintenance of adequate energy intake. In addition, selection of foods with high protein and calcium, such as dairy food, should be emphasized, particularly in the older elderly. Nutrition programs should target individuals at risk of not receiving enough nutrients, like the oldest elderly, and persons with lower education.
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Adult , Aged , Humans , Absorption , Ascorbic Acid , Calcium , Community Health Centers , Education , Energy Intake , Niacin , Nutrition Surveys , Nutritive Value , Vitamin AABSTRACT
Low energy intakes, poor nutritional quality, and low food diversity are among the factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly in Korea. Therefore, a nutrition counseling and education program was conducted to promote dietary change and to improve nutritional status of elderly. The 7 step program consisted of a individual nutrition counseling and weekly or biweekly group nutrition education programs. Pre- and post-test measurings of dietary behaviors, attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected. Positive changes in the attitude related to diet were noted, whereas nutritional knowledge scores were not improved. Significant increases were noted in the frequency of vegetable consumption in female and diversity of food consumption in male. The densities of vitamin C(male & female), B1, B2, and niacin, calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), were significantly improved by nutrition counseling and education programs. These results suggest the appropriateness of nutrition intervention programs for the improvement of elderly nutrition.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Community Health Centers , Counseling , Diet , Education , Korea , Niacin , Nutritional Status , Nutritive Value , Vegetables , VitaminsABSTRACT
The elderly are the most rapidly growing segment of the population in Korea and the largest consumers of expensive medical care. It is reasonable to believe that improving the nutritional status would be beneficial to reducing morbidity and to improving the quality of their lives. This study was conducted to assess the health status and the Nutritional Risk Index of the elderly, and to provide the basic data for the Elderly Nutrition Improvement Program at the Public Health Center. One hundred and forty seven(76 males. 71 females) aged 60 years and over living in Suwon, were assessed with anthropometric measurements, body fat analysis, blood pressure measurements, and a set of about health and other related variables. Over half of them had less than a junior middle school education and were considered low income. The percentage of overweight and obese subjects was 33% by the BMI(Body Mass Index), and the prevalence of hypertension was 28%(males) and 31%(females). They had a lot of self-recognized health problems, the male elderly complained about more than the female elderly. In the case of psychological health status, however, the female elderly showed a higher proportions of depression than the male elderly(p<0.05). In social health status, the elderly had good relationships with friends and collegues, whereas they had poor relationships with their families. They had many nutritional risk factors, and smoking was the most prevalent risk factor for the male elderly and anemia was for the female elderly. The results of this study suggest that Elderly Nutrition Improvement Programs should be planned that can be easily followed. It would be helpful to design a program focusing on individual phychological and social health status, this would increase the efficiency of the program.