Factores que influyen en el retraso del diagnóstico del VIH / Factors influencing the delayed diagnosis of VIH

OBJETIVO: determinar los factores que influyen en el retraso del diagnóstico del VIH desde la percepción de los pacientes y del personal médico, en el municipio del Cercado. METODOS: estudio transversal descriptivo y cuantitativo, a través de entrevistas a pacientes VIH (+), encuestas a personal médico y revisión de historias clínicas. RESULTADOS: se revisó 121 historias clínicas de pacientes VIH(+), en distintos establecimientos de salud, observándose un Diagnóstico Tardío (DT) en el 65%, considerando la presencia de enfermedades oportunistas al momento inicial del diagnóstico y 60% considerando el recuento de linfocitos CD4 < 200. En la entrevista con los pacientes, 59% no tenía pareja estable; 80% no se consideraba vulnerable a la enfermedad y 44% tenía información incompleta o nula sobre el VIH/SIDA. En el análisis estadístico, se encontró relación: (variable edad y sexo respecto a entre quienes hay más posibilidad de transmisión) con un valor de p= 0,000000049 en la primera asociación y un valor de p= 0,000012 en la segunda; entre las variables (edad respecto a saber sobre VIH) con un valor de p= 0,000013; entre las variables (tener pareja estable respecto a considerarse a riesgo) con un valor de p= 0,00098; entre (Nivel de instrucción respecto al motivo de realización de la prueba rápida para VIH) con un valor de p= 0,00083. En la entrevista con los médicos el 39% de ellos tienen un conocimiento insuficiente sobre VIH/SIDA y la norma. CONCLUSIONES: en el retraso del diagnóstico del VIH influyen factores como: la percepción de riesgo, la oferta de la prueba y el conocimiento erróneo del VIH; además el nivel de instrucción y la edad influyen en el acceso a la información. Para mejorar el diagnóstico se debe mejorar la información, hacerla más completa, adecuada y accesible; buscando un cambio de actitud en la población.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the factors influencing the delay of HIV diagnosis from the perception of patients and medical staff, in the municipality of Cercado. METHOD: a descriptive and quantitative cross-sectional study through interviews with patients HIV (+), surveys of medical personnel and medical record review. RESULTS: it was the review of 121 clinical histories in different establishments, obtaining 65% of them, a diagnosis late (DT) for the presence of opportunistic disease at diagnosis; DT 60% for CD4 counts less than 200. Initial Among patients, 59% say they have a stable partner; 80% was not considered vulnerable to disease and 44% had incomplete or no information on HIV / AIDS. In the statistical analysis, we found relationship variables (age / if they thought HIV was for everyone) with a value of p = 0.000000049; (Sex / for whom thought was HIV) with a value of p = 0.000012; between (age / if they knew about HIV) with a value of p = 0.000013; (Having a stable partner / considered at risk) with a value of p = 0.00098; (Level of education / reason for performing HIV test) with a value of p = 0.00083. Among doctors 39% of them have insufficient knowledge about HIV / AIDS and the norm. CONCLUSIONS: the delay of HIV diagnosis influence the perception of risk, the offer of proof and the erroneous knowledge of HIV; further education level / age influence access to information. To improve diagnosis should improve information, make it more complete, adequate and accessible; looking for a change of attitude.

Errors in Patients’ Information Leaflets of Marketed Medicines in Pakistan.

The curing of patient is the top most priority of health associated professionals. Complete and proper information of medicine is always the willing of the patients and their close ones. The primary source of information for patients’ regarding the medicine is patients’ information leaflet (PIL). The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the errors and incomplete information in leaf inserts sold with marketed medicines in Pakistan. For the present study, 11 different classes of oral medicines of different multinational and national pharmaceutical industries were purchased from different community and hospitals pharmacies in Karachi. The present study has been revealed incomplete information related to medicines in PILs. 9 out of 11 PILs have 48.84% (n= 63) major while minor errors were 51.16% (n= 66). The major errors were included incomplete information of indications, adverse drug effects, drug mechanism, dosage errors, drug-drug and drug-food interactions, precautions and warning, pharmacokinetic profile and pregnancy and lactation. Whereas, omission of structural formula, molecular formula, molecular weight, chemical names, laboratory tests, clinical trials data, font size, paper quality, and use of national language (Urdu) have been observed as minor errors. It has been concluded that majority of PILs sold with marketed medicines were not up to the mark and met the regulatory requirements. In countries like Pakistan, with high illiteracy rate and low financial status, patients’ were unaware about the importance of PILs. Mainly pharmaceutical industries have not called attention on information of marketed drugs medicines in Pakistan which has been proven a shocking situation regarding the negligence of healthcare matter in Pakistan.