ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Antecedentes: La prueba de lanzadera incremental ha sido empleada para determinar la capacidad física en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Sin embargo, su aplicabilidad y reproducibilidad ha sido poco estudiada en pacientes bajo tratamiento de hemodiálisis. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento y reproducibilidad de la prueba de lanzadera incremental en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis y sujetos sin enfermedad renal crónica. Cada individuo realizó dos pruebas de lanzadera incremental con un intervalo de 30 minutos. Se registró la distancia recorrida, velocidad máxima, frecuencia cardiaca y el esfuerzo percibido. La reproducibilidad se analizó mediante el cálculo del coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el error estándar de la media. Mediante el método de Bland-Altman, se calculó la discordancia de la distancia recorrida y la frecuencia cardiaca pico. Además, se calculó el cambio mínimo detectable para todos los parámetros de la prueba de lanzadera incremental. Un valor de p=<0,05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: 68 sujetos entraron al estudio (34 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y 34 sujetos en el grupo control). Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica caminaron una menor distancia recorrida respecto al grupo control (-40%; p=<0,0001). En ambos grupos, se encontró una excelente confiabilidad test/retest en todas las medidas de resultado (cálculo del coeficiente de correlación intraclase >0,80). Los registros del error estándar de medición y cambio mínimo detectable para la distancia recorrida fueron de 26,0 m y 72,1 m, respectivamente. El método de Bland-Altman para la distancia recorrida mostró una diferencia media de -0,9 m con límites de concordancia entre 65,5 y -63,7 m. Conclusión: Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis presentan un menor rendimiento durante la prueba de lanzadera incremental comparado con individuos sin enfermedad renal crónica. Las medidas de resultado de la prueba de lanzadera incremental presentan una alta reproducibilidad test/retest a corto plazo en este grupo de pacientes.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The Incremental Shuttle Walk Test has been used to determine physical capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, its applicability and reproducibility have seldom been studied in hemodialysis patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproducibility of the incremental shuttle walk test in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and subjects without chronic kidney disease were included. Each individual performed two Incremental Shuttle Walk Test with an interval of 30 minutes. We recorded the distance traveled, maximum speed, heart rate and perceived effort. Reproducibility was analyzed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient and the standard error of the mean. Using the Bland-Altman analysis, we calculated the discrepancy of the distance traveled and the peak heart rate. The minimum detectable change was also calculated for all parameters of the incremental shuttle walk test. A value of p=<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 68 subjects entered the study (34 were patients with chronic kidney disease, and 34 subjects constituted the control group). Patients with chronic kidney disease walked a shorter distance than those in the control group (-40%; p=<0.0001). In both groups, excellent test-retest reliability was found in all outcome measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient calculation >0.80). The standard error of measurement and the minimum detectable change for the distance traveled were 26.0 m and 72.1 m, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis for the distance traveled showed a mean difference of -0.9 m with limits of agreement between 65.5 and -63.7 m. Conclusion: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis show lower performance during the incremental shuttle walk test, compared to individuals without chronic kidney disease. The outcome measurements of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test show high test-retest reproducibility in the short run in this group of patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is the criterion standard for assessing exercise capacity. It provides complete assessment of the respiratory, cardiac and metabolic system. As a cost effective way of assessing the physical function of an individual, Incremental shuttle walk test and Six minute walk test are most frequently applied in diagnostic as well as therapeutic purpose. It is especially important to understand how children and adolescents respond to exercise because fitness plays important role in management of obesity to develop lifelong healthy habits. With increased in number of children with obesity due to changes in lifestyle, physiological aspects such as growth and development is also getting affected. Hence assessing fitness in children as current need of society, reference values estimation implies significant role in betterment of younger population. Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the reference values for incremental shuttle walk test in age group 8 – 16 years and to correlate age, height, and weight and body mass index with incremental shuttle walk test. Methodology: 180 subjects were selected from the age group of 8 -16 years. The subjects in this study were recruited from local and primary school. Before starting the test, weight and height was measured by calibrated weighing scale and stadiometer by standard anthropometric methods. The three trials were given to subjects and mean of measures was taken for further analysis of data. Results: Data was checked for normality by using Shapiro-wilk test. Linear regression analysis using age, height, weight, and gender were applied with ISWT as a dependent variable. There was significant correlation with age (boys r= 0.8354, p< 0.0001 & girls r=0.808, p< 0.0001), Height (boys r=0.8475 & p<0.0001, girls r=0.8746 & p< 0.0001), and there was no significant correlation with BMI (boys r= -0.312 & p=0.148, girls r= -0.069 & p=0.956). Conclusion: The reference values were generated for age group 8 to 16 years. It can be used as a reference to evaluate exercise capacity for children and adolescents in Indian rural population
ABSTRACT
Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifaceted treatment approach that includes nutritional counseling, structured exercise training, and increased daily physical activity. Increased body mass elicits higher cardiovascular, ventilatory and metabolic demands to varying degrees during exercise. With functional capacity assessment, this variability can be evaluated so individualized guidance for exercise training and daily physical activity can be provided. The aim of the present study was to compare cardiovascular, ventilatory and metabolic responses obtained during a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) on a treadmill to responses obtained by the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) in obese women and to propose a peak oxygen consumption (VO2) prediction equation through variables obtained during the ISWT. Forty obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) performed one treadmill CPX and two ISWTs. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and perceived exertion by the Borg scale were measured at rest, during each stage of the exercise protocol, and throughout the recovery period. The predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) was calculated (210 – age in years) (16) and compared to the HR response during the CPX. Peak VO2 obtained during CPX correlated significantly (P<0.05) with ISWT peak VO2 (r=0.79) as well as ISWT distance (r=0.65). The predictive model for CPX peak VO2, using age and ISWT distance explained 67% of the variability. The current study indicates the ISWT may be used to predict aerobic capacity in obese women when CPX is not a viable option.