ABSTRACT
Introduction: Professional indemnity (PI) or medical malpractice insurance (MMI) has been a hot topic considering the increasing number of medical negligence cases rising worldwide. However, there is a palpable difference in understanding and usage of this tool in developed countries and regions such as India. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the general understanding of resident doctors and consultants about MMI and knowledge about its technical jargon. Materials and Methods: We distributed short Google Form questionnaires about various aspects of MMI. We recorded the data from 141 resident doctors and 42 consultants in the Navi Mumbai area of India. As it was a survey, we required no ethical review. Results: As consultants’ experience grew, so did their understanding of medical indemnity. Approximately 90%, 64%, and 22% of consultants with 10 years, 5–10 years, and 5 years of experience had acquired PI. The AOY:AOT (any one year:anyone time) ratio was known to just 35% of these specialists. About half of the resident doctors were aware of PI and the effects of medical specialization on PI. Around a fifth of the individuals had only acquired the PI. Conclusion: There needs to be more clarity between the need and knowledge of MMI in India. This needs to be addressed by teaching medical postgraduates about it during training. “There should be special emphasis on medical indemnity in terms of its need, clauses, and cost during postgraduate medical training.”
ABSTRACT
Resumen La configuración de perfomancias ligadas a la práctica del plantón, como escenario de participación pública alude por un lado, a la función trágica del teatro al exponer como fenómeno político las desapariciones forzosas y el cuestionamiento del tipo de sociedad y valores que se construyen a su alrededor; así mismo, visibiliza una estética colectiva basada en lo afectivo como envoltura destinada a generar evocaciones emocionales en la esfera pública, y de esta manera ampliar el eco participativo de la organización que incide en la sociedad configurando la posibilidad de una sabiduría política, toda vez que expone la visión trágica de develar los sentidos de las historias singulares de cada familia; es lo que se evidencia en la compresión de los sentidos y significados que la Organización Caminos de Esperanza -Madres de la Candelaria - organización de madres víctimas del conflicto armado, en la ciudad de Medellín - Colombia.
Abstract The configuration of performance, linked to the practice of the sit-in, as the scenario for public participation, refers on the one hand, to the tragic theatre function by exposing as a political phenomenon, the enforced disappearances and the questioning of the kind of society and values, which are built around it. It also makes visible a collective aesthetic based on the affective as a cover aimed at generating emotional evocations in the public sphere and thus, expand the participatory echo of the organization, which influences society, setting up the possibility of a political wisdom, since it exposes the tragic vision of revealing the senses of the unique stories of each family, this is what is made evident in the compression of the senses and meanings of "Roads of Hope Organization" - The Mothers of La Candelaria," which is an organization of mothers of victims of the armed conflict, in the city of Medellín, Colombia.
ABSTRACT
Risk management practice and decision making are paramount for doctors to improving patient outcomes and managing the total cost of risk in our evolving healthcare landscape. In Mongolia there are no legal regulations about health professional’s liability insurance. The aim of the study is to provide relative information about the legal environment, systems and financing of liability insurancefor health professionals in selected foreign countries and Mongolia and to look at what policies and regulations could be applied to Mongolia.We carried out a policy study focused on health professionals’ liability insurance in four selectedcountries. We investigated health professionals’ liability insurance situation in Mongolia in the year of 2012-2014 byReviewing and analyzing the data related to health professionals liability insurance voluntary from the top six insurance companies’ by size and interviewing managerial level staff at these companies Studying court decisions related to health professionals’ errors to see how many health professionals could be prevented from court hearing Studying patients’ complaints against health professionals as filed with the Ministry of Health andSports to see how much risks are facing by health professionals.There are two main legal systems we discovered regarding resolution of health professionals’accountability for patient complaints: Court sentencing. Examples include Mongolia and the United States. Reimbursing the loss. Examples include Switzerland, Finland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, England, and the Russian Federation. There are two insurance types for health professional’s liability: А. Compulsory B. Voluntary1 In USA, Canada and England, the liability insurance system for health care providers developed late in 19th and earlier in 20th century. Today, both private and nonprofit insurance entities in these countries insure health professionals and members of the health professionals’ association. England has rich experience of health professional’s liability insurance and the system is too large. Data fromthe England legal system shows that one case may take up to 4 years to receive a final decision. In order to determine health professionals’ fault with regard to claims, a health professionals’ liability damage assessor is needed who is well experienced and trained in healthcare law. Mostly not more than 30 percent of the claims are reimbursed. In Canada, statistical trends show claims against health professionals continue to increase. As a result, doctors prescribe additional laboratory tests and other additional investigations which increase health sector costs. In Russia in 2010 the health professional’s liability insurance law is approved and the implementationwill start January 2017. In Mongolia in 2012-2014, there were registered 373 complaints and errors against health professionals and 162 clients applied court complaints. During this period, 27 health professionals received court sentences. Health professionals liability insurance premium is calculated 0.8-3.5 percent of the insurance valuation. In 2012-2014 total 4377 health professionals insured voluntarily against professional liability.In most developed countries health professionals are protected from sentence to court. Averagecomplaints against health professionals have continued to increase steadily similarly in other countries.Therefore health professional’s professional risk is increasing. It shows that it is very important to improve the legal environment of the liability insurance system for Mongolian health professionals. of coronary atherosclerosis.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: O termo insalubridade aparece inicialmente na legislação brasileira em 1932 ligada à proibição do trabalho feminino, e em 1943 aos menores de idade. Em 1938, através do decreto nº 399 surge o direito ao adicional de insalubridade, vinculado à implantação do salário mínimo, determinando-se a elaboração de uma listagem das atividades em indústrias insalubres e em 1939 uma portaria foi publicada legalizando os referidos quadros. A partir de 1965 as condições insalubres de trabalho foram regulamentadas pela Portaria nº 491 modificada com pequenas alterações em 1967 e consolidada pela Norma Regulamentadora nº 15 (NR15) "Atividades e Operações Insalubres" instituída, por sua vez, pela Portaria nº 3.214/78 que se mantêm praticamente inalterada até os dias de hoje. Muitos processos são abertos com o pedido do adicional de insalubridade, e, neste contexto este estudo será realizado. Objetivos: Caracterizar processos judiciais de pedido de adicional de insalubridade quanto ao perfil dos litigentes, aos agentes insalubres, aos aspectos periciais e a sentença proferida. Realizar alguns estudos de caso para compreender a dinâmica de uma solicitação de adicional de insalubridade...
Introduction: The term insalubrity fist appears in Brazilian legislation in 1932 related to the prohibition of female labor, and in 1943 related to children labour. In 1938, by the decree nº 399, it was creat the right to the "hazard pay" linked to the implemetation of the minimum wage. This act determined the establishment of a listing of activities in insalubrious industries and in 1939, a regulation was published legalizing the mentioned listing. Since 1965, the insalubrious working conditions have been regulated by the decree nº 491 which was modified with minor changes in 1967 and consolidated by the regulatory Norm nº 15, "insalubrious Activities and Operations", established by the Act nº 3.214/78, unchanged to nowadays. Many civil actions demand the application of the insalubrity premium. It is in context that this study is conducted. Objectives: This study aims to charactize the mentioned actions according to: the profile of the litigants, the insalubrious agents, the expertise aspects and the sentence given. Carry out some case studies in order to better understand the dynamics of a request for the additional by insalubrity...