Association between index finger and ring finger length ratios and polymorphism of homeobox A11 gene locus among Ningxia college students / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the association between the index finger and ring finger length ratio (2D ∶ 4D) and of four loci (rs6461992‚ rs6968828‚ rs7801581‚ rs17427875) polymorphism of homeobox (HOX) A11 gene among Ningxia college students. Methods Digit camera was used to collect frontal hand photos of 667 Han college students (348 males and 319 females) from Ningxia province; Image analysis software was used to mark the anatomical points and measure finger lengths of the index and ring fingers of both hands; multiplex PCR was used to detect each locus polymorphisms of HOXA11 gene; statistical software was used to compare and analyze the differences and associations of 2D ∶4D and gene polymorphisms between different genders. Results Among Ningxia Han college students‚ both left hand and right hand 2D ∶ 4D were significantly higher in females than those of in males (all P< 0. 05)‚ and there were no significant sex differences in right-left hand 2D ∶4D; the genotypes and allele frequencies of rs7801581 locus of HOXA11 gene differed significantly between genders (all P < 0. 05)‚ and none of the other locus polymorphisms showed any significant sex differences; only female left hand 2D ∶4D was significantly associated with rs6461992 locus genotype in the relationship between 2D ∶4D and HOXA11 polymorphisms (P<0. 05). Conclusion There were significant sex differences in 2D ∶ 4D among Han college students in Ningxia‚ and the rs6461992 locus polymorphism of HOXA11 gene may be associated with the formation of 2D ∶4D in females.

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve: a case report and literature review / Hamartoma fibrolipomatoso del nervio mediano: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) of the nerve, also known as lipomatosis of the nerve, neurofibrillary lipomatous lesion, or intraneural lipoma, is a rare benign soft tissue tumor which mainly occurs in the nerves of the upper limb, especially in the median nerve. In April 2021, a 30-year-old male patient was secondly admitted to our hospital and underwent his third surgery, due to the recurrence of a mass and pain in the right palm, noticeable swelling and numbness of the right index and ring fingers, and limited flexion and extension activities of the right ring finger. He first visited our hospital in December 2017 due to a mass and pain in the right palm and swelling and numbness of the right index and ring fingers. When the clinician asked for the patient medical history, his parents stated that his right middle finger was swollen after birth. When the patient was ten years old; he was diagnosed with "macrodactyly" at the local county hospital, not in our hospital, and subsequently, the middle finger was amputated at the metacarpophalangeal joint level at the local county hospital. The postoperative pathological examination was not performed at that time, which was the first surgery the patient received. FLH is clinically rare, and its exact epidemiology and etiology are poorly understood. FLH is highly suspected in cases where a painless mass is present in the wrist, combined with macrodactyly. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination are helpful in clarifying the diagnosis. Although FLH is a benign tumor, an individual treatment plan is the best choice according to the severity of the patient's symptoms. Therefore, further exploration and understanding of this disease by clinicians radiologists, and pathologists is necessary.

Resumen El hamartoma fibrolipomatoso (FLH) del nervio, también conocido como lipomatosis del nervio, lesión neurofibrilar lipomatosa, o lipointraneural, es un tumor benigno de tejido blando poco frecuente, que se presenta principalmente en los nervios del miembro superior, especialmente en el nervio mediano. En abril de 2021, un paciente masculino de 30 años fue ingresado por segunda vez en nuestro hospital y sometido a su tercera cirugía debido a la recurrencia de una masa y dolor en la palma derecha, evidente hinchazón y entumecimiento de los dedos índice y anular derecho y limitadas actividades de flexión y extensión del dedo anular derecho. En diciembre de 2017, visitó por primera vez nuestro hospital debido a una masa y dolor en la palma derecha, y a la hinchazón y entumecimiento de los dedos índice y anular derecho. Cuando el clínico preguntó la historia clínica del paciente, sus padres declararon que su dedo medio derecho estaba hinchado después del nacimiento, y cuando el paciente tenía 10 años, fue diagnosticado con "macrodactilia" en el hospital local del condado, no en nuestro hospital Posteriormente, el dedo medio fue amputado a nivel de la articulación metacarpofalángica en el hospital comarcal local, pero no se realizó la patología postoperatoria en ese momento, siendo ésta la primera cirugía a la cual se sometió el paciente. La FLH es clínicamente rara, y su epidemiología y etiología exactas no se entienden bien. En los casos que presentan una masa indolora en la muñeca, combinada con macrodactilia, se sospecha de FLH. La resonancia magnética y la patología son útiles para aclarar el diagnóstico. Aunque la FLH es un tumor benigno, el plan de tratamiento individual es la mejor opción de acuerdo con la gravedad de los síntomas del paciente. Por lo tanto, es necesaria una mayor exploración y comprensión de esta enfermedad por parte de médicos, radiólogos y patólogos.

Index finger porximal dosal island flap supplied by the second dosal metacarpal artery in repair of the soft tissue defect of thumb / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the method and outcome of reconstruction of thumb soft tissue defect by index finger proximal dorsal island flap supplied by the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA).Methods:From August, 2015 to December, 2017, 12 cases of thumb soft tissue defect were treated by index finger proximal dorsal island flap supplied by SDMA. The site of defect ranged from 2.0 cm×2.4 cm to 5.5 cm×3.0 cm, and the flap area ranged from 2.2 cm×2.6 cm to 6.0 cm×3.3 cm. The donor site was repaired by split-thickness skin graft from the forearm of the injured limb. All patients received regular outpatient follow-up after surgery. The appearance, texture, sensory recovery and donor site of the flap were observed.Results:All the 12 flaps had 5-16 (8.8 in average) months follow-up and survived, the donor site and wounds healed in primary stage. The appearance, sensory and function of the flaps were good. There were no scar contracture on the donor sites, and no pain and limitation of motion in the joints. At the last follow-up, according to the Criteria for Function Assessment of Upper Limbs by the Branch of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medicine Association, the thumb functions were excellent in 11 cases and good in 1 case.Conclusion:Index finger proximal dorsal island flap supplied by SDMA is easy to operate, and has constant blood supply, improved rotation angle of the flap vessel base. It is a good method to repair the soft tissue defect of thumb.

Space of Range of Motion of Index Finger and Application / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To measure the space of motion of index finger with and without injury, to apply it in rehabilitation. Methods:Thirty healthy undergraduate volunteers (controls) and three undergraduate volunteers with recent index finger injury (patients) were asked to flex, extend, adduct, abduct and ring the index finger independently and combined with middle finger, twice for a motion with an interval of 30 seconds. The index finger movement trajectory was recorded with a high-definition camera, and analyzed the range of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and ring rotation motion with MATLAB. The movement space and defect of the injured fingers were drawn. Results:The ranges of independent flexion-extension and adduction-abduction reduced 26.5% and 24.6% in the patients compared with those of the controls, respectively. The defects of ring rotation space were very different with the degrees of recovery, and the maximum loss happened on 160°, 70° and 170°. Conclusion:Loss in index fingers motion space in range and direction may help for rehabilitation assessment.

Pulgarización del índice en amputación traumática de pulgar mediante técnica de Buck-Gramcko modificada. Reporte de caso / Index finger pollicisation for traumatic amputation of the thumb using modified Buck-Gramcko technique. Case report

Introducción Las amputaciones traumáticas del pulgar representan un pequeño pero devastador porcentaje de consulta de urgencias. Se presenta aquí la experiencia de un caso de pulgarización de índice como manejo reconstructivo en una amputación compleja de pulgar de la mano dominante en un niño de 10 años. El objetivo es reportar el proceso quirúrgico de pulgarización del índice como alternativa reconstructiva en la amputación traumática de pulgar y analizar los resultados obtenidos. Materiales y métodos Reporte de un caso de amputación traumática de pulgar el cual se reconstruyó tomando como base la técnica de pulgarización descrita por Buck-Gramko, modificada por el equipo quirúrgico para obtener los resultados requeridos en anatomía, funcionalidad y estética. Paciente evaluado a los 6 meses postquirúrgicos con excelentes resultados medidos a través de la escala Percival Hand Score para funcionalidad del pulgar obteniendo el puntaje máximo de calidad superior a 20 puntos. Se recuperaron las funciones de pinza fina y prensión cilíndrica de la mano con independencia para movilidad de flexo-extensión, aducción y oposición del pulgar en más del 90% de su capacidad. Discusión La pulgarización del índice es una alternativa quirúrgica importante para el manejo de las amputaciones traumáticas de pulgar, por los excelentes resultados que se obtienen en cuanto a funcionalidad, anatomía y estética.

Background Traumatic amputation of the thumb is an uncommon injury but nevertheless a devastating one, and represents a small percentage of emergency visits. The aim of this study is to present the experience of index finger pollicisation as a complex reconstructive management for a thumb amputation of the dominant hand in a 10-year-old patient, as well performing an analysis of the functional results. Case Report A 10-year-old patient with traumatic amputation of thumb had a surgical reconstruction of the injury by using an index finger pollicisation technique as described by Buck-Gramcko and modified by the senior author in order to achieve the results required in anatomy, functionality, and aesthetics. Excellent results, measured by Percival Hand functionality thumb Score, were obtained 6 months after the surgery, with a maximum score of 20 points (higher quality). Pincer grip and cylindrical hand grip skills were recovered as well as flexion, extension, adduction, and opposition of the thumb for an overall rate 90% when compared with an uninjured thumb. Discussion Index finger pollicisation is important for the management of traumatic thumb amputation due to the excellent results obtained in terms of functionality, aesthetics, and anatomy, and should always be considered as a surgical alternative.

Clinical application of modified dorsal island flap of index finger for repairing the soft tissue defect of thumb tip / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of modified dorsal metacarpal artery island flap of index finger without skin graft in repairing different types of soft tissue defect of thumb tip.Methods From August,2015 to October,2017,25 patients with soft tissue defect of the thumb tip were included in the study.Sixteen cases were males and 9 cases were females.Seventeen defects were in thumb dorsal and 8 cases were in thumb pulp.A modified dorsal island flap of index finger was used and the dorsal metacarpal superficial vein fascial flap could be harvest and combined to repair the thumb pulp defect if necessary.A relaying perforator flap pedicled on the second dorsal metacarpal artery was raised through the same incision to cover the donor site without skin graft.Followed-up was made by clinic,telephone and WeChat.Results The patients were followed-up for 6 to 18 months.All flaps survived completely without complications.The color,texture and contour of the flaps was good.Only 1 linear scar was left in the dorsum of the hand and no skin grafts.The second dorsal metacarpal artery flap was used to cover the donor site.Twenty-one cases (84％) were satisfied with the postoperative appearance of the thumb.The function was assessed as excellent in 16 fingers,good in 6 fingers and fair in 3 fingers.No complication occurred in the donor site.Conclusion It is possible to use the modified dorsal island flap of index finger to repair different types of thumb tip defects.A second dorsal metacarpal artery flap can be used as a relaying flap to cover the donor site without skin grafts.

Microanatomy and clinical application of stepladder advancement flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery of index finger / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To observe the anatomy of the radial proper digital arteries and their dorsal vessels of index fingers, and the relative position and orientation of them were summarized. To explore the surgical method and clinical appilication of the stepladder advancement flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery of index finger in the finger tip defects. Methods From June, 2013 to June, 2016, 6 hand specimens were injected into the brachial artery with red latex to carry out the microanatomy of the index finger’s radial proper digital arteries and their dorsal vessels. And 1 vascular cast of hand specimen were observed the origin, number and oriention of the artery and its dorsal vessel. Ten cases with soft tissue defects of index finger in finger tip, were repaired with stepladder advance-ment flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery. The evaluations and analysis were made in survival rate and finger's function by the postoperative regular consultations. Results There were 2 (4 hands) or 3 (2 hands) dorsal vessels in the proximal, and 2(6 hands) in middle segments of the radial proper digital arteries of index fingers in 6 hand specimens respectively. While the vascular cast of hand specimen showed that 3 dorsal vessels in the proximal, and 2 in the middle segments of the radial proper digital artery. Ten patients were performed the operation. The blood flow after the surgery were good and all flaps survived well. Followed-up time was 10-14 months. The color, feeling, contour and texture of flaps was good. The function of flexion and extension of the finger was good too, and no defor-mity of the purlicue. The resolution of static two points was 5.5-9.0 mm, averaged of 7.2 mm. Conclusion The stepladder advancement flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery of index finger can extend the donor site. It is safe, reliable and effective, providing a alternation for the repair of the soft tissue defects of the index finger tip.

Morphometric Study of Estimation of Stature from Index Finger Length in Indian Population.

Background: Estimation of stature is basic and major section of Anthropological research which is necessary for unmistakable conformation and is used by medico- legal experts, forensic examiners and Anatomists. Methods: In the present, morphometric, cross sectional study of the measurement of stature from index finger length among the population of India is done. This study consist of 400 subject among them 200 are males and 200 females between the age group of 17-25 year. The subjects are students of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research centre. The data was statistically analysed by calculating mean and standard deviation as well as standard error. Regression formula was also derived by calculating the stature and the index and ring finger length. Result: The high value of the regression coefficient shows that the index finger length may clearly predict the body height in both sexes. It is a good predictor for estimation of the height of the males and females subjects. Regression equations are- For male:- Y= 124.26+6.41(RIFL), For female:- Y= 110.16+5.82(RIFL). Conclusion: The finding of the present study shows that the index finger length can be used successfully to predict the height of the human being. Medico-legally it is a considerable parameter which determines the height of subject which is a major step in recognition of a deceased subject.

The Morphometric Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Index & Ring Finger Length Ratio in Indian Population.

Background: Anthropometry is a science which deals with method and techniques of measurement of living as well as skeletons of individuals. The morphometry of different parts of human body helps in personal identification and also sexual dimorphism. Methods: Total number of students (200=Male & 200=Female) of age 17-25 years of Teerthanker Mahaveer University were examined for one year. With the help of vernier caliper, the lengths of index and ring fingers were measured and then ratio was calculated in both the genders. The data was tabulated & mean & standard deviation was calculated. The paired t- test was used and P- value was calculated. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean values of male population were found to be right 2D 7.04cm, right 4D 7.20cm, right 2D:4D ratio 0.97cm respectively, while in females the mean value were found to be right 2D 6.52cm, right 4D 6.72cm, right 2D:4D Ratio 0.96 cm respectively. Using t-test, in males and females the 2D:4D ratio was statistically insignificant for the right hand with p>0.05. Conclusion: The anthropometric ratios help in establishing the gender and race of the individual, thus plays an important role in forensic science.

Lipofibromatous hamartoma of the digital branches of the median nerve presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome: A rare case report with review of the literature.

Lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) is a rare, benign fibrofatty tumor composed of a proliferation of mature adipocytes within peripheral nerves, which form a palpable neurogenic mass. It affects the median nerve in 66–80% of cases, causing pain and sensory and motor deficits in the affected nerve distribution. Patients typically present with gradually enlarging nontender lesions in the distribution of the affected nerve. The lesion is also seen to be associated with macrodactyly. The pathophysiology of LFH is unknown. Treatment of LFH is based on symptoms of the condition. Histopathology is characteristic. We present a case of young male diagnosed as lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve involving the right index finger. The case is presented due to its rarity.

A new technique to determine vertical dimension of occlusion from anthropometric measurements of fingers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find the correlation between vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and length of fingers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 dentate subjects comprising of 200 males and 200 females. Anthropometric measurements of VDO, length of index finger, length of little finger, and distance from tip of thumb to tip of index finger of right hand were recorded clinically using modified digital vernier caliper. Correlation between VDO and length of fingers was studied using Spearman's coefficient. For the execution of regression command and preparation of prediction equations to estimate VDO, Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 11.5 was used. Results: VDO was significantly and positively correlated with all the parameters studied. In males, correlation of VDO was strongest for length of index finger (r-0.406) whereas in females, it was strongest for length of little finger (r-0.385). VDO estimation using regression equation had a standard error of ± 3.76 in males and ± 2.86 in females for length of index finger, ±3.81 and ± 2.74 in males and females respectively for length of little finger, ±3.99 and ± 2.89 in males and females respectively for distance from tip of thumb to tip of index finger. Conclusions: Since the variations between VDO and finger lengths are within the range of 2-4 mm, VDO prediction through this method is reliable, and reproducible. Also the method is simple, economic, and non-invasive; hence, it could be recommended for everyday practice.

Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) in men attending Infertility Clinics in Akure Metropolis Nigeria: a predictive index?

The ratio of index finger length to ring finger length is called the “2D:4D digit ratio,” or more simply, the “digit ratio”. This study was to investigate if there are ignificant differences in the digit ratio (2D:4D) of infertile men attending an infertility clinic and men drawn from the general population in Akure Nigeria; to generate data locally to serve as a source for future referencing in anthropometry as it relates to male fertility assessment. A total of 84 participants were involved in this study. They include men attending an infertility clinic (n=42), and those drawn randomly from the general population (n=42) with regards to their fertility. Information on 2D:4D and the seminal fluid data from two samples were obtained. Direct digit estimates was done using digital calipers and indirectly by taking measurements from a digital image of the hand. The digit ratios were obtained by dividing the lengths, of the index finger by the ring finger. Semen was collected from each participant by masturbation and examined for count and motility to ascertain their fertility status. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the length of the fourth digit compared to the second digit in fertile men. The 2D:4D ratio in fertile men was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to infertile men. This study demonstrates an association between 2D:4D ratio and the fertility status in adult men in Akure metropolis Nigeria.

Localización inusual del carcinoma epidermoide: a propósito de un caso / Unusual location of squamous cell carcinoma: report of a case

El carcinoma epidermoide es una proliferación maligna de células epidérmicas que muestra características variables de la epidermis suprabasal normal; es el tumor mas frecuente de las zonas de piel expuesta a los rayos solares y mucosas, en personas mayores alrededor de los 60 años, con incidencia superior en el sexo masculino en una proporción de 10:1, y moderada probabilidad de causar metástasis. Además de la luz solar hay otros factores predisponentes implicados en su aparición como son la inmunosuperación en pacientes que han sido sometidos a quimioterapia o trasplantes de órganos, por lo que se ha visto su aparición en pacientes más jóvenes. El caso que se presenta se trata de una paciente femenina de 55 años de edad, sin antecedentes de exposición prolongada a los rayos de luz ultra violeta, ni traumático conocido en el área de la lesión.

Carcinoma epidermoid is a wicked proliferation of epidermal cells that shows variable characteristic of the epiderms normal suprabasal; it is the tumor but it frequents fron the areas of exposed skin to the solar and mucous rays, in grown-ups around the 60 years, with superior incidence in the masculine sex in a proportion of 10:1, and moderate probability of causing metastasis. Besides the solar light there are other factors predisposing implied in their appearance like they are the inmunosupresión in patients that have been subjeted to chemotherapy or transplants of organs, for what one has seen their appearance in younger patients. The case that is presented is a 55 year-old femenine patient, without records of lingering exhibition to the rays of light ultra violet, neither traumatic well-known in the the area of the lesion.

Kinematics and dynamics characteristics of index finger after cold stimulation / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate effects of cold water stimulation on kinematic and dynamic characteristics of index finger. Method In order to reduce the influence on its flexion and extension, the index finger movement was recorded by a high speed camera. Then a self developed MATLAB program was developed to obtain the trajectory with the help of the black speckles on index finger joints. Finally, a dynamic calculating model with FDS and FDP was set up to describe the relationship between the trajectory and muscle forces changed along with the time. Results After the cold water stimulation, the average angular velocity of the second joint in the index finger decreased in the process of fisting and stretching. Before and after the cold water stimulation, the force of FDP muscle changed little while the force of FDS muscle approximately doubled at the end of the fisting. Conclusions An optical method for obtaining the trajectory of index finger was applied, and a dynamic calculating model was developed to calculate the muscle forces during the finger movement. Therefore, the characteristics of the index finger before and after the cold stimulation could be further discussed.

A Case of Catel Manzke Syndrome

Catel Manzke syndrome is characterized by hyperphalangy of the index fingers associated with Robin malformation sequence. The etiology of Catel Manzke syndrome is still uncertain, with the majority of cases being sporadic. Careful observation to recognize upper airway obstruction secondary to the Robin sequence should be made a part of routine care for newborns with this disorder. Failure to thrive is related to respiratory or cardiac problems. The vast majority of case have normal intelligence. With advancing age, the accessory bone fuses to the proximal phalangeal epiphysis. We report a neonate with the Pierre Robin triad, accessory bone between the second metacarpal and its proximal phalanx of the Rt hand, camptodactyly, coarctation of aorta and hydronephrosis of Lt kidney.

Is Palmar Skin Temperature a Indicator for the Success of Thoracic Sympathectomy in Hyperhidrosis Patients? / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGREOUND: The sympathetic investigations during thoracic sympathectomy are essential to an adequate sympathectomy that will lead to sufficient and lasting relief of palmar hyperhidrosis. The measurement of palmar skin temperature has been used as an indicator of success of transcutaneous chemical thoracic sympathectomy. We measured intraoperative palmar skin temperature to know whether it can be used as a same purpose in the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthsia. METHODS: Fifteen patients (18 to 25 years old) with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthesia. The palmar skin temperature was measured with a skin probe of a thermometer applied on the both index finger tips. The palmar skin temperature was monitored continuously from the beginning of anesthesia to the complete arousal. RESULTS: The palmar skin temperature increased significantly by about 3 degrees C just after induction. There was no significant difference in the palmar skin temperature between just before sympathectomy and soon after sympathectomy during the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative measurement of palmar skin temperature can not indicate a definite sympathectic denervation during the endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy under general anesthesia.

Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath: A case Report

We report a case of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a 36-year-old male, who presented an asymptomatic, firm, 1.0 × 0.8 × 0.4cm-sized nodule, involving the volar aspect of the distal phalanx of the right index finger about 1 year ago. Histopathologically, the enucleated lesion showed four lobules surrounded by thin connective tissue, each of which demonstrated the variable cellularity and the polymorphic cell population consisting of foam cells, spindle-shaped fibroblasts, histiocyte-like cells and multinucleated giant cells with heavy hemosiderin deposits near the periphery, in the collagenous stroma. He has done well with no recurrence during one year of follow-up since the operation.