ABSTRACT
This article first deal with the current scenario of the wind energy in India. Wind energy is available at no cost and it does not emit no greenhouse gases. Harnessing the energy of wind to obtain some useful work like pumping water, sailing boats and grinding grains has been therefore a very long time. In modern time wind energy is used to generate electricity. Wind energy is a clean sources of energy and India has a huge potential for wind energy (302 GW in the country at 100 m height and 695.50 GW at 120 m above the ground level). This vast potential has remained unexplored which can be achieved through well framed policies initiated by government of India. Wind power has emerged as a biggest source of Renewable energy in the world
ABSTRACT
Background: There are numerous brands of antimalarial existent in the market. Expensive drugs could result in financial drain that causes reduced compliance or even non-compliance. Non-adherence to therapy could consequently cause partial treatment that leads to higher morbidity and in certain cases mortality too. Thus this evaluation was conducted to measure the cost disparity of malaria therapy.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in Indian rupee rate was noted by using the latest edition of current index of medical specialities. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands were calculated.Results: The analysis of data reflected a considerable cost variation among antimalarial drugs. Chloroquine DS 500 mg showed the highest cost ratio and cost variation (cost ratio=15.3 and % cost variation=1434). Overall injectable antimalarials showed considerable cost variation as compared to oral antimalarial agents.Conclusions: The maximum variation shown by oral antimalarial was found to be for chloroquine DS 500 tablet. But there was significant price variation among injectable antimalarial. Injectable antimalarials are often the choice of drug when dealing with critically ill malaria patients specially when suffering from complicated malaria. So, such significant price variation creates burden on poor patients economically which leads to non-compliance and hence increased morbidity and mortality due to incomplete treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of the present study was to analyse price differences between parenteral antibiotics available in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The study was done in the Department of Pharmacology of S. D. M. College of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. Latest volume of current index of medical specialties or Indian Drug Review was used to analyze the prices of parenteral antibiotics.Results: Overall, prices of 17 single drug antibiotics available in 37 strengths marketed and 8 fixed-dose combinations available in 16 strength marketed were analyzed. It was observed that the maximum cost variation among the single ingredient parenteral antibiotic was with cefpirome 1000 mg. The price difference being Rs. 283 and the cost variation being 90.7%. The minimum price variation was seen with Ampicillin 100 mg of Rs. 4.3 and the cost variation being 40.2%. Additionally the highest price difference was also seen teicoplanin 400 mg i.e., Rs. 610 and its cost variation being 68.5%. Among the fixed-dose combination (FDC抯) the maximum price variation was observed in the combination of cefoperazone+sulbactum 1000+1000 of Rs. 340. Whereas the cost variation of the same was 212.5 %. The minimum price variation among the FDC抯 was of the combination of ceftriaxone 250 mg + tazobactum 31.25 mg Rs. 3.3 and its cost variation being 7.9 %.Conclusions: Pharmacoeconomics facets must be taken into deliberation by healthcare practitioners while prescribing antibiotics to the patients for infectious disease treatment. This will assist compliance, reduce antibiotic resistance and treatment failure.