Fatores associados à infecção pelo vírus da estomatite vesicular em equídeos no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / Factors associated with infection by the vesicular stomatitis virus in equines in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Objetivou-se investigar a presença do Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular (VEV) e seus fatores de risco para ocorrência e disseminação da enfermidade em equídeos das mesorregiões Leste e Oeste Potiguar do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram analisadas pela técnica de virusneutralização, 809 amostras sanguíneas de equídeos provenientes de noventa propriedades de dezesseis municípios Potiguares durante os meses de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Os fatores de riscos associados ao VEV foram avaliados por meio de questionário epidemiológico e os dados submetidos a análise estatística no programa IBM SPSS Statistics versão 21.0 com nível de confiança de 95%. Posteriormente, todas as variáveis estatisticamente significantes foram submetidas a análise de regressão de Poisson. A soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-VEV foi 24,6% (199/809), sendo 3,2% (13/402) de soropositivos na mesorregião Leste e 45,7% (186/407) na do Oeste Potiguar. Com relação aos sorotipos, observou-se uma prevalência de 3,8% (31/809) e 24,5% (198/809) para Indiana 2 e 3 respectivamente, com 15,1% (30/198) de coinfecção. Equídeos criados na mesorregião Oeste, em propriedades que não realizam quarentena e onde os animais enfermos são mantidos no rebanho, foram consideradas fatores predisponentes a infecção pelo VEV. Esses resultados demonstram a circulação do VEV em equídeos no Rio Grande do Norte, com destaque ao Oeste Potiguar, e sendo necessário a aplicação de medidas sanitárias que impeçam introdução e disseminação do vírus ente as espécies susceptíveis, principalmente em condições climáticas favoráveis para a sua manutenção, no ambiente de criação e pastagens.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and risk factors for its occurrence and dissemination in equines from the Eastern and Western mesoregions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Blood samples were analyzed, by Serum Virus Neutralization Assay, from 809 animals belonging to 90 properties distributed in sixteen municipalities from July 2018 to February 2019. Risk factors were assessed using an epidemiological questionnaire. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using the software IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0 with a 95% confidence level. Also, all statistically significant variables were subjected to Poisson regression analysis. The occurrence of anti-VSV antibodies was 24.6% (199/809) with 3.2% (13/402) and 45.7% (186/407) of seropositivity in the Western and Eastern mesoregion, respectively. Regarding serotypes, there were an occurrence of 3.8% (31/809) and 24.5% (198/809) for Indiana 2 and 3, respectively, and 15.1% (30/198) of co-infection for both. Equines kept of the Western mesoregion, on properties that do not quarantine, and where sick animals are kept in the herd, were considered risk factors for LVV infection. These results demonstrate the presence of VSV in equines in Rio Grande do Norte, with emphasis on Oeste Potiguar, and that sanitary measures must be adopted to prevent the introduction and viral spreading among susceptible species, especially due to favorable climatic conditions for the maintenance of VSV in the breeding and pasture environment.

Fatores associados à infecção pelo vírus da estomatite vesicular em equídeos no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / Factors associated with infection by the vesicular stomatitis virus in equines in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Objetivou-se investigar a presença do Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular (VEV) e seus fatores de risco para ocorrência e disseminação da enfermidade em equídeos das mesorregiões Leste e Oeste Potiguar do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram analisadas pela técnica de virusneutralização, 809 amostras sanguíneas de equídeos provenientes de noventa propriedades de dezesseis municípios Potiguares durante os meses de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Os fatores de riscos associados ao VEV foram avaliados por meio de questionário epidemiológico e os dados submetidos a análise estatística no programa IBM SPSS Statistics versão 21.0 com nível de confiança de 95%. Posteriormente, todas as variáveis estatisticamente significantes foram submetidas a análise de regressão de Poisson. A soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-VEV foi 24,6% (199/809), sendo 3,2% (13/402) de soropositivos na mesorregião Leste e 45,7% (186/407) na do Oeste Potiguar. Com relação aos sorotipos, observou-se uma prevalência de 3,8% (31/809) e 24,5% (198/809) para Indiana 2 e 3 respectivamente, com 15,1% (30/198) de coinfecção. Equídeos criados na mesorregião Oeste, em propriedades que não realizam quarentena e onde os animais enfermos são mantidos no rebanho, foram consideradas fatores predisponentes a infecção pelo VEV. Esses resultados demonstram a circulação do VEV em equídeos no Rio Grande do Norte, com destaque ao Oeste Potiguar, e sendo necessário a aplicação de medidas sanitárias que impeçam introdução e disseminação do vírus ente as espécies susceptíveis, principalmente em condições climáticas favoráveis para a sua manutenção, no ambiente de criação e pastagens.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and risk factors for its occurrence and dissemination in equines from the Eastern and Western mesoregions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Blood samples were analyzed, by Serum Virus Neutralization Assay, from 809 animals belonging to 90 properties distributed in sixteen municipalities from July 2018 to February 2019. Risk factors were assessed using an epidemiological questionnaire. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using the software IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0 with a 95% confidence level. Also, all statistically significant variables were subjected to Poisson regression analysis. The occurrence of anti-VSV antibodies was 24.6% (199/809) with 3.2% (13/402) and 45.7% (186/407) of seropositivity in the Western and Eastern mesoregion, respectively. Regarding serotypes, there were an occurrence of 3.8% (31/809) and 24.5% (198/809) for Indiana 2 and 3, respectively, and 15.1% (30/198) of co-infection for both. Equines kept of the Western mesoregion, on properties that do not quarantine, and where sick animals are kept in the herd, were considered risk factors for LVV infection. These results demonstrate the presence of VSV in equines in Rio Grande do Norte, with emphasis on Oeste Potiguar, and that sanitary measures must be adopted to prevent the introduction and viral spreading among susceptible species, especially due to favorable climatic conditions for the maintenance of VSV in the breeding and pasture environment.

Advances on antimicrobial resistance research of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana / 中华预防医学杂志

Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana is a common serotype of Salmonella isolated from food especially from poultry meat. Recently it demonstrated a raising tendency of infection cases and isolate numbers with high antimicrobial resistant rate against many common antimicrobials, including quinolones and cephalosporin which were regarded as the first line drug for the treatment of Salmonella infections, and this kind of Salmonella serotype was always carrying complex resistance mechanisms and also a variety of mobile elements, all of these features made the very clinical infections caused by Salmonella hard to treat and brought great difficulties and risks. Here, we review the prevalence of Samonella Indiana on national and international view, and we also anticipate the research progress on antimicrobial drug classes, multi drug resistance, co-resistance and resistance mechanism. We discuss the resistant genotypes, phenotypes, mechanism and transmission of Salmonella Indiana strains isolated from different origins. By introducing the resistance of Salmonella Indiana, we want to attract people's attention to this bacteria and its hazard, and offer some idea to evaluate and treat infections in clinical.

Spontaneous Pregnancy after Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion by Indiana Pouch Method for Congenital Bladder Exstrophy: A case Report.

Aims: To share our experience in the management of a patient of congenital bladder exstrophy, who conceived spontaneously following Indiana pouch surgery for urinary diversion. surgery for congenital bladder exstrophy, reported for antenatal care. In the first year of her life, an ineffective operation was performed for closure of her abdominal wall defect. At 10 years of age she underwent cystectomy, trygonocuteneostomy, diastasis of pubic bones were fixed and urinary diversion operation was performed by Indiana pouch method. She was followed up at the antenatal clinic of Dicle University until 38th week of pregnancy. Thereafter, an elective caesarean section was performed and a live healthy female baby was delivered. Discussion and Conclusion: Bladder exstrophy is an extremely rare congenital abnormality. Woman with bladder exstrophy and lower urinary tract reconstruction surgery may conceive spontaneously. However they have a high risk pregnancy and an elective caesarian section is advocated for delivery. Review of literature and our experience is presented.

Genitoplastia em bebês indianas: encontros e desencontros da medicina, bioética e cultura / Genitoplasty in indian babies: agreements and disagreements of medicine, bioethics and culture / Genitoplastia en bebés de la India: acuerdos y desacuerdos de la medicina, la bioética y la cultura

O presente artigo visa analisar os aspectos bioéticos relacionados às recentes práticas de genitoplastia em bebês do sexo feminino na Índia, levando em conta os principais aspectos que influenciam essa prática sob os pontos de vista psicológico, fisiológico, sociocultural e histórico. O método baseou-se na revisão bibliográfica de artigos publicados em base de dados como SciELO e Pubmed e na leitura de livros-texto referentes ao tema. Na discussão, foram analisados aspectos históricos e mitológicos que contribuíram para a construção da posição atual da mulher indiana na sociedade, reunindo conceitos de cultura e aspectos sociais associados ao tema. Entre os argumentos contrários à realização de genitoplastia se destacam os prejuízos à saúde da menina e, sobre tudo, o questionamento ético da atitude de pais e médicos. Mediante a análise de todos esses fatores, concluiu-se que o resultado dessa prática é nocivo à bebê e foram sugeridas medidas para a extinção do procedimento.

Este aroculo tiene como objetivo principal el análisis de los aspectos bioéticos relacionados a las recientes prácticas de Genitoplastia realizadas en bebés del sexo femenino en la India, teniendo en cuenta los princpales aspectos que influencian dicha práctica desde un punto de vista psicológico, fisiológico, sociocultural e histórico. El método utilizado se ha basado en el estudio bibliográfico de aroculos cienoficos sacados de páginas web, tal como SciELO y Pubmed, y en la lectura de libros de texto referentes al tema. En la discusión, se analizaron aspectos históricos y mitológicos que contribuyeron a la construcción de la posición de la mujer india en la sociedad, reuniendo conceptos acerca de la cultura y aspectos sociales relacionados al tema en cuestión. Entre los argumentos en contra de la realización de la Genitoplastia se destacan los daños causados a la salud de la niña y, sobre todo, el cuestionamiento ético de la actitud de los padres y de los médicos. Tras analizarse todos los factores concernientes, se llega a la conclusión de que el resultado de esta práctica es nocivo al bebé y fueron sugeridas algunas medidas para la extinción del procedimiento.

The objective of the present article is to discuss the bioethical aspects of recent genitoplasty practices in female babies in India, taking into consideration psychological, physiological, social, cultural and historical issues that influence such practice. The methodology was based on reviews of articles published in the databases of SciELO and Pubmed websites and on the reading of books which could validate our reasoning. In the discussion, historical and mythological aspects that have built the current position of the woman in the Indian society were addressed, by gathering culture concepts and social subjects related to the theme. Among arguments against the performance of genitoplasty, harms to the girl’s health were highlighted, and mainly the ethical questioning of parents and doctors attitude. Through the analysis of all these factors, it was concluded that the result is harmful to the infant and some measures for the extinction of the procedure were suggested.

Smallpox and polio eradication in India: comparative histories and lessons for contemporary policy / Erradicação da varíola e da pólio na Índia: histórias comparativas e lições para políticas contemporâneas

O artigo argumenta que um exame detalhado dos fatores que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de estruturas e estratégias complexas para a erradicação da varíola no Sul da Ásia nos anos 70 pode fornecer indicações proveitosas para a reformulação dos capítulos nacionais do programa global de erradicação da pólio nesta região. Existe um impressionante arquivo nos escritórios da OMS em Genebra que detalha como os ataques para a erradicação da varíola foram localizados e então contidos em cidades, pequenas vilas e áreas rurais remotas desta região, por equipes de profissionais internacionais trabalhando em conjunto com as autoridades locais. Uma avaliação sistemática dos esforços globais de erradicação da varíola indicam paralelos entre os estágios iniciais do programa global de erradicação da varíola e a atual situação da campanha contra a pólio. Como veremos aqui, o artigo também pode fornecer indicadores úteis para ações futuras no Sul da Ásia e em outros locais.

This article argues that a detailed examination of factors contributing to the development of complex structures and strategies for smallpox eradication in South Asia in the 1970s can provide fruitful indications for the reformulation of the national chapters of the global polio eradication programme in this region. There is a magnificent archive in the WHO's Geneva offices, which details how smallpox eradication outbreaks were located and then contained in cities, small towns and remote rural areas in this region, by teams of international workers working closely with local officials. A systematic assessment of the global smallpox eradication efforts indicates parallels between the early stages of the global smallpox eradication programme and the present situation of the polio campaign; as we will see here, it can also provide useful indicators for future action in South Asia and beyond.

Science, religion and ethics: the religious ethical basis of Indian science of medicine / Ciencia religión y ética: los fundamentos éticos religiosos de la ciencia médica india / Ciência, religião e ética: os fundamentos éticos religiosos da ciência médica

It is often said that in Ayurveda, the Indian science of medicine, the scientific concerns are muddled up with religious and metaphysical convictions. This paper reies to show how while retaining the experiential route of science intact, Ayurveda shares certain imporant concerns with religion and philosophy in India. It affirms that this ultimately has helped Ayurveda successfully avoiding the problems associated with multiple ontologies--owing to a separation of science from values. This paper will examine some important religious assumptions that play vital role in the conception and practice of the science of Ayurveda and how such approaches contributed in developing and integraing a strong code of medical ethics into the practice of medicine. The first section of the paper will bring out the experiential route of Ayurveda. The second section examines the concepts of disease and health/wellbeing in Ayurveda, in order to bring tout the ethical outlook ingrained in it. The thirs section will analyse some fundamental postulates for Indian ethics and attempts to show that with the Vedic conception of Rita -cosmic moral order- Ayurveda uniquely defines itself as a way of physical, mental and ethical living, which aims at a very comprehensive notion of wellbeing.

Se dice a menudo que en Ayurveda, en la ciencia de la medicina India, se encuentran entremezcladas las preocupaciones científicas con convicciones religiosas y metafísicas. Este artículo trata de mostrar que, manteniendo intacta la ruta experimental de la ciencia, Ayurveda comparte ciertas preocupaciones importantes de la religión y la filosofía en la India. Afirma que esto definitivamente ha ayudado a Ayurveda a evitar con éxito problemas asociados con ontologías múltiples, debido a la separación de la ciencia con los valores. Examina algunos presupuestos religiosos importantes que juegan un papel vital en la concepción y práctica de la ciencia de Ayurveda y cómo tales aproximaciones contribuyeron a desarrollar e integrar un fuerte código de ética médica en la práctica de la medicina. La primera sección del artículo presenta la ruta experiencial de Ayurveda. La segunda, los conceptos de enfermedad y salud/bienestar en Ayurveda para extraer los aspectos éticos integrados. La tercera analiza algunos postulados fundamentales de la ética India y trata de mostrar que, con la concepción Védica de Rita -orden moral cósmico-, Ayurveda se define de forma única como un modo de vida físico, mental y ético, que apunta a una noción comprensiva del bienestar.

Afirmase com frequência que, na Ayurveda, a ciência da medicina Indiana, encontram-se mescladas as preocupações científicas com convicções religiosas e metafísicas. Este artigo objetiva mostrar que, mantendo intacto o caminho experimental da ciência, Ayurveda compartilha certas preocupações importantes da religião e da filosofia na Índia. Afirma que isso definitivamente tem ajudado a Ayurveda a evitar problemas associados com as ontologias múltiplas - separando a ciência dos valores. Examina alguns pressupostos religiosos importantes que julgam ter papel vital na concepção e prática da ciência de Ayurveda e, como tal, aproximações que contribuem para o desenvolvimento e a forte integração do código de ética médica na prática da medicina. A primeira parte deste artigo apresenta a rota experiencial de Ayurveda. A segunda, as concepções de enfermidade e saúde/bem-estar na Ayurveda para, então, identificar os aspectos éticos integrados. A terceira analisa alguns postulados fundamentais da ética Indiana e mostra que, com a concepção Védica de Rita -ordem moral cósmica-, Ayurveda se define de forma única como um modo de vida físico, mental e ético, apontando uma noção compreensiva de bem-estar.

Mejoramiento de la producción de una vacuna oleosa contra estomatitis vesicular bivalente / Improvement of oil vesicular stomatitis bivalent vaccine production

El presente estudio calculó diferentes MI (Multiplicidad de Infección) para la producción de cultivos industriales de virus de Estomatitis Vesicular (EV) y evaluó el efecto de la cantidad de glicoproteína G en la inducción de respuesta de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el virus de EV en cobayos inmunizados con una vacuna oleosa bivalente (Indiana (I) y New Jersey (NJ)). Al establecer el MI más eficiente se logró mejorar la cinética de infección de los cultivos industriales disminuyendo los tiempos de cultivo y mejorando los títulos infectantes. Adicionalmente se encontró que títulos de anticuerpos neutralizantes de cobayos inmunizados con vacuna de EV conteniendo aproximadamente 5 microgramos de glicoproteína G de cada serotipo fueron de 3.66 log10 para I y 4.06 log10 para NJ, los cuales se correlacionan con títulos de protección en bovinos. De este estudio se puede concluir que al seleccionar un mejor MI se puede hacer más eficiente el proceso de producción de cultivos virales industriales de EV y que la formulación de una vacuna contra estomatitis vesicular a partir de la cuantificación de la glicoproteína G puede ser una metodología de gran utilidad en la producción industrial de vacunas de buena calidad.

This experiment assess different MI for Vesicular Stomatitis VS virus industrial culture production and evaluated the effect of glycoprotein G concentration in relation to antibodies induction against VS on guinea pigs vaccinated with oil bivalent vaccine (Indiana I and New Jersey NJ). With efficient MI it was possible to get better kinetic of infection at industrial cultures, reducing time of culture and improving viral titers. In addition, it was found that neutralizing titers of guinea pigs immunized with an EV vaccine containing 5 micrograms of glycoprotein G, were 3.66 log10 for I and 4.06 log10 for NJ, which are correlated to protection titers in cattle. About this study can be concluded that selecting a superior MI, efficiency of industrial VE virus production can be improved; on the other hand, glycoprotein G quantification methodology can be useful for a good quality VS Vaccine industrial manufacture.

Urinary diversion in conjunction with radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patient / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Several different methods of urinary diversion currently are available in conjunction with radical cystectomy. We reviewed our last 30 months of experience with diversion in 56 patients with bladder cancer undergoing surgery from May, 1990 through October. 1992 and focused on the decision- making process used to select the type of diversion. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Of the 56 patients. 27 patients had a diversion with an external appliance (26 via an ileal conduit and 1 via a cutaneous ureterostomy), 15 patients had a diversion with a continent urinary reservoir(Indiana pouch) and 14 patients had a diversion with an internal reservoir anastomosed to the urethra( 13 via an ileocolic neobladder and 1 via a Camey procedure). 2. The ileal conduit was evenly performed during the period. But the Indiana pouch was more performed between May 1990 and April 1991 and the ileocolic neobladder was mainly per formed since May 1991. 3. There were 50 men and 6 women. The majority of female patients (83%) underwent the Indiana pouch. The ileocolic neobladder was performed in patients who were relatively young and in good medical condition. 4. Urodynamic studies of the Indiana pouch and ileocolic neobladder performed at 6 months postoperatively showed low pressure, large capacity reservoir and high outlet (plicated ileum or urethra) resistance. All patients achieved satisfactory continence during the day. However.1 or 13 patients who underwent the ileocolic neobladder was incontinent at night. In conclusion. there are inherent advantages and disadvantages to each form of urinary diversion. Our general policy is the ileal conduit remains the most wise diversion in most patients but the alternative methods may be reasonable in certain circumstances and patients selection will be important to identify the most appropriate method of diversion for individual. Though the follow-up period is not long enough. Indiana pouch and ileocolic neobladder met the demands for ideal form of urinary diversion. With improvement in the technical aspects or the continent and internal functional reservoir, the number of patients having these reservoirs will increase.

Indiana continent ileocecal reservoir: early followup of 10 cases / 대한비뇨기과학회지

From May 1990 to July 1991. 11 bladder tumor patients were treated with Indiana continent ileocecal reservoir after radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadnectomy and l0 were followed up. The average operation time for making pouch was 5 hours 22 minutes. The reservoir was created with reconfiguration of disrupted cecum and ileal patch and its average maximal capacity was 527. 8cc. The average interval of catheterization was 5 hours 36 minutes and the average catheterized urine volume was 357cc. The average intrareservoiral maximal pressure was 29.4cmH2O and the average intraluminal maximal pressure of plicated terminal ileal segment along with ilececal valve was 48cmH2O. All of 10 patients(100%) had successful daytime continence and 5 were able to sleep all night without catheteritation. Tunneled ureteral implantations along the tenia of the cecum were revealed no reflux on reservoirogram. The complications were 2 cases of temporary urine leakage From stoma site. 1 wound infection and 1 stomal bleeding. From the above results, although duration of followup is short, we can anticipate a superb outcome after experience further cases with this procedure, since successful continence and antireflux are achieved at this time.