Análisis tendencial y perspectivas actuales de las tecnologías sanitarias en el sistema de saludcubano

Introducción: El desarrollo de la medicina se favorece activamente con el progreso de la sociedad imperante. Las iniciativas proporcionadas por las diferentes revoluciones industriales han sido significativas para el sector de la salud, es en la tercera revolución industrial, donde se ha logrado una integración activa del desarrollo tecnológico y científico con las ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: Identificar desde diversas aristas las tendencias tecnológicas actuales orientadas en el desarrollo científico para el sector de la salud en Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de las diferentes etapas por las que ha transitado el desarrollo médico tecnológico en los últimos cinco años en el mundo y en Cuba, la integración de las Ciencias de la Salud con las tecnologías con una visión histórica-lógica de sus procesos hasta la actualidad; se analizaron sus trayectorias, tendencias y propósitos en los conocimientos, técnicas e impactos más relevantes y principales metas. Conclusiones: En el proceso de informatización del sistema nacional de salud se observa un acelerado impacto del uso de las tecnologías telemáticas en la calidad de las prestaciones de los servicios médicos, lo que se traduce en calidad, efectividad, factibilidad en los servicios de salud y satisfacción social en la excelencia en los servicios médicos asistenciales actuales.

Introduction: The development of medicine is actively favored by the progress of the prevailing society. The initiatives provided by the different industrial revolutions have been significant for the health sector, it is the third industrial revolution, where an active integration of technological and scientific development with the health sciences has been achieved. Objective: To identify from various angles the current technological trends oriented towards scientific development for the health sector in Cuba. Methods: An observational, longitudinal, historical, analytical and synthetic study of the different stages through which technological medical development has passed in the last five years in the world and for Cuba, the integration of Health Sciences with technologies with a historical-logical vision of their processes up to the present; They analyzed their trajectories, trends and purposes in the most relevant knowledge, techniques and impacts and main goals. Conclusions: In the process of computerization of the national health system, an accelerated impact of the use of telematic technologies on the quality of medical services is observed, which translates into quality, effectiveness, feasibility in health services and social satisfaction in excellence in current medical care services.

Narrativas de sofrimento e trabalho profissional do Serviço Social da Previdência Social em tempos de indústria 4.0 / Narratives of Suffering and Professional Work of Social Workers in Social Security in the Industrial times 4.0

Resumo: Atuais mudanças econômicas, sociais e políticas geram impactos nos ambientes e nas condições psicossociais de trabalho. Neste texto, discute-se o trabalho de Assistentes Sociais (AS) atuantes na Previdência Social (PS), a partir da combinação de resultados obtidos por meio de projeto de pesquisa em andamento, cuja metodologia faz uso de escalas padronizadas, grupos focais e entrevistas realizadas entre 2014 e 2019. Apesar de não haver resultados negativos obtidos pelos instrumentos padronizados, as outras técnicas puderam revelar que o trabalho gera um tipo de sofrimento mudo, invisível e marcado pela angústia e frustração.

Abstract: The current economic, social, and political changes have impacts on the work environment and the psychosocial conditions of the workers. In this study, we discuss the professional work of Social Workers (SW) working in working in the Brazilian social security system, using a mixed-methods approach including the results obtained through standardized scales, focus groups, and interviews conducted between 2014 and 2019. Despite the results obtained by psychometric systems suggest a non-negative outcome, the other methods could reveal that work generates a kind of silent, invisibility and is marked by distress and/or suffer.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Occupational Health and Safety, Worker's Compensation and Labor Conditions

The “fourth industrial revolution” (FIR) is an age of advanced technology based on information and communication. FIR has a more powerful impact on the economy than in the past. However, the prospects for the labor environment are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to anticipate and prepare for occupational health and safety (OHS) issues.In FIR, nonstandard employment will be common. As a result, it is difficult to receive OHS services and compensation. Excessive trust in new technologies can lead to large-scale or new forms of accidents. Global business networks will cause destruction of workers' biorhythms, some cancers, overwork, and task complexity. The social disconnection because of an independent work will be a risk for worker's mental health. The union bonds will weaken, and it will be difficult to apply standardized OHS regulations to multinational enterprises.To cope with the new OHS issues, we need to establish new concepts of "decent work” and standardize regulations, which apply to enterprises in each country, develop public health as an OHS service, monitor emerging OHS events and networks among independent workers, and nurture experts who are responsible for new OHS issues.

Spine Surgery Using Augmented Reality

STUDY DESIGN: Review article. OBJECTIVES: To present the latest knowledge on spine surgery using augmented reality (AR). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: AR is a new technology that simulates interactions with real-world surroundings using computer graphics, and it is a field that has recently been highlighted as part of the fourth industrial revolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of related literature and introduction of latest research. RESULTS: Spine surgery using AR is currently in its early stages. If industry, academia, and research institutes cooperate and develop, spine surgery using AR is highly likely to develop to the next level. CONCLUSIONS: Spine surgeons should strive to develop relevant technology.

We Must Invest in Applied Knowledge of Computational Neurosciences and Neuroinformatics as an Important Future in Malaysia: The Malaysian Brain Mapping Project

The Academy of Sciences Malaysia and the Malaysian Industry-Government group for High Technology has been working hard to project the future of big data and neurotechnology usage up to the year 2050. On the 19 September 2016, the International Brain Initiative was announced by US Under Secretary of State Thomas Shannon at a meeting that accompanied the United Nations’ General Assembly in New York City. This initiative was seen as an important effort but deemed costly for developing countries. At a concurrent meeting hosted by the US National Science Foundation at Rockefeller University, numerous countries discussed this massive project, which would require genuine collaboration between investigators in the realms of neuroethics. Malaysia’s readiness to embark on using big data in the field of brain, mind and neurosciences is to prepare for the 4th Industrial Revolution which is an important investment for the country’s future. The development of new strategies has also been encouraged by the involvement of the Society of Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, USA and the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility.

The fourth industrial revolution and changes in the future medical world

The first three industrial revolutions that took place in history provided people with opportunities to live rich lives, along with cultural benefits. However, with regards to the fourth industrial revolution, which is expected to be completed in the next 10 to 20 years, deep fears are present in the midst of coexisting expectations and worries. Unemployment and the polarization of wealth are problems that the fourth industrial revolution is expected to bring about, and the medical world will also face considerable and fundamental difficulties due to the emergence of artificial intelligence. Based on a review of several arguments and predictive theories that have been presented thus far, the author would like to make the following proposals. The fact that the emergence of artificial intelligence will revolutionize the foundations of the medical world should be clearly recognized. With regards to medical treatment using artificial intelligence, we should be very concerned about whether doctors will be the masters or the slaves of artificial intelligence, and if we are to become the main agents of the age of artificial intelligence, now is the time to engage in careful introspection about what we should do. Medicine will be transformed into predictive medicine in the future thanks to the fusion of information and communications technology with precision medicine, supported by the development of genomics, proteomics, and cytomics. As we enter the age of the fourth industrial revolution, doctors should recognize the fact that only emotionally sensitive approaches to treating patients and interdisciplinary collaboration will protect us.

El papel del trabajo en la construcción del sujeto joven / The role of labor in the construction of a youth subject / O papel do trabalho na construção do sujeito jovem

El concepto “joven” fue construyéndose a lo largo de la historia en función de las necesidades de la sociedad. El trabajo es la palanca principal de cambio. La confrontación ante el desarrollo tecnológico fue exigiendo nuevos actores productivos. En ese punto, surgió la necesidad de abrir un campo laboral que anteriormente no se había vislumbrado: uno en el que cupieran los jóvenes. El objetivo principal de este artículo es que, a través de una revisión histórica, se ofrezca evidencia de que el trabajo capitalista moderno obligó a identificar un sector de población, en este caso la juventud, que fue crucial para la preparación y el aprendizaje de las virtudes laborales exigidas en cada patrón de acumulación.

Society has been influential in the creation of the term youth based on the need of society, with work being the fundamental driver of this change. The confrontation of man with developments in technology required new productive players. At that point it was necessary to open up the notion of work to something that hadn’t been considered previously, the inclusion of young people in labor. The main objective of this article is to provide historical evidence that modern capitalist labor required the identification of a sector of the population, in this case young people, in order to provide them with the necessary skills required in various patterns of accumulation.

O conceito jovem foi se construindo ao longo da história em função das necessidades da sociedade, sendo o trabalho a alavanca fundamental para a mudança. A confrontação do homem frente ao desenvolvimento tecnológico foi exigindo novos atores produtivos. Nesse ponto surgiu a necessidade de abrir um campo de trabalho que anteriormente não tinha sido vislumbrado: um campo para os jovens serem inseridos. O objetivo principal deste artigo é que por meio de uma revisão histórica seja oferecida uma evidência de que o trabalho capitalista moderno obrigou à identificação um setor da população, neste caso a juventude, que foi essencial para a preparação e o aprendizado das virtudes de trabalho exigidas em cada padrão de acumulação.