Potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud / Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in newborn infants born in a high-altitude area

Introducción. Una forma no invasiva y segura de evaluar los parámetros neurofisiológicos en recién nacidos es la evaluación de los potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco encefálico (PEAT). Objetivo. Evaluar las latencias e intervalos de ondas de los PEAT en neonatos sanos nacidos a gran altitud (Cusco, 3399 msnm). Población y métodos. Estudio transversal y prospectivo. Se incluyeron neonatos menores a 14 días de vida, dados de alta a menos de 7 días de nacidos, evaluados para determinar los valores de los PEAT a intensidades sonoras de 70 dB, 80 dB y 90 dB. Se incluyeron las variables edad gestacional, peso al nacer, tipo de parto. Se calcularon las diferencias de las medianas de las latencias e intervalos de las ondas según edad gestacional y peso al nacer. Resultados. Se evaluaron 96 neonatos (17 pretérminos). Las medianas de las latencias de las ondas I a V a 90 dB fueron las siguientes: onda I 1,56 ms; onda II 2,74 ms; onda III 4,37 ms; onda IV 5,62 ms, onda V 6,63 ms. La latencia de la onda I para 80 dB fue de 1,71 ms y para 70 dB de 1,88 ms. Los intervalos para las ondas (I-III), (III-V) y (I-V) fueron de 2,8 ms, 2,2 ms y 5,0 ms respectivamente, sin diferencias entre intensidades (p >0,05). La prematuridad y el bajo peso estuvieron asociados a latencias de la onda I más prolongadas (p <0,05). Conclusiones. Se presentan valores ajustados de latencias e intervalos de los PEAT en neonatos nacidos a gran altitud. Se identificó que, a distintas intensidades sonoras, se ven diferencias en las latencias de las ondas, pero no en los intervalos entre ondas.

Introduction. A non-invasive and safe way to assess neurophysiological parameters in newborn infants is the evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Objective. To assess the latencies and wave intervals of BAEPs in healthy newborn infants born in a high-altitude area (Cusco, 3399 MASL). Population and methods. Cross-sectional and prospective study. Newborn infants younger than 14 days of age, discharged less than 7 days after birth, were assessed to determine BAEP values at intensities of 70 dB, 80 dB, and 90 dB. The study variables were gestational age, birth weight, and type of delivery. The median differences in wave latencies and intervals were estimated according to gestational age and birth weight. Results. A total of 96 newborn infants (17 preterm infants) were assessed. The median latencies of waves I­V at 90 dB were for wave I: 1.56 ms, wave II: 2,74 ms, wave III: 4.37 ms, wave IV: 5.62 ms, and wave V: 6.63 ms. The latency of wave I for 80 dB was 1.71 ms and for 70 dB, 1.88 ms. Wave intervals (I­III, III­V, I­V) were 2.8 ms, 2.2 ms, and 5.0 ms, respectively, without differences among intensities (p > 0.05). Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with a longer wave I latency (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Here we describe adjusted BAEP latency and interval values for newborn infants born at high altitude. At different sound intensities, we identified differences in wave latencies, but not in interwave intervals.

Digital educational technology content production and validity about Japanese bathtub (ofurô) in neonatal unit / Producción y validación de contenido de tecnología educativa digital sobre baño de hidromasaje en unidad neonatal / Produção e validação de conteúdo de tecnologia educacional digital sobre banho de ofurô em unidade neonatal

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the elaboration and content validity stages of a digital educational technology for nursing professionals about Japanese bathtub (ofurô) in newborns in neonatal care units. Method: A methodological study conducted between August 2019 and July 2021, in a public maternity hospital in Manaus, Amazonas, developed in two stages. In the first, the e-book images, text and editing were produced. In the second, material content validity was carried out, through the opinion of 15 expert judges, nurses and neonatal care experts. In data analysis, the percentage of agreement was applied with agreement score estimation. Items with 80% or more agreement were considered valid. Results: The e-book "Japanese bathtub: manual for nursing professionals" was produced, organized into nine sessions, which describe the technique execution. Content was considered valid by expert judges (general score 90%). Conclusion: The e-book was considered suitable for use in training nursing professionals, with potential for dissemination of knowledge regarding humanization of care for premature babies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las etapas de elaboración y validación de contenido de una tecnología educativa digital para profesionales de enfermería sobre el baño ofurô en recién nacidos en Unidades de Cuidados Neonatales. Método: Estudio metodológico realizado entre agosto de 2019 y julio de 2021, en una maternidad pública de Manaus, Amazonas, desarrollado en dos etapas. En la primera se produjeron las imágenes, el texto y la edición del e-book. En el segundo, se realizó la validación de contenido del material, a través de la expresión de 15 jueces expertos, enfermeros y experimentados en cuidados neonatales. En el análisis de datos se aplicó el porcentaje de concordancia con estimación del puntaje de concordancia. Se consideraron válidos los ítems con un 80% o más de acuerdo. Resultados: Se elaboró el libro electrónico "Banho de ofurô: manual para profissionais de enfermagem" (Baño de Ofurô: manual para profesionales de enfermería), organizado en nueve sesiones, que describen la ejecución de la técnica. El contenido fue considerado válido por los jueces expertos (puntuación general 90%). Conclusión: El e-book se consideró apto para ser utilizado en la formación de profesionales de enfermería, con potencial para la difusión de conocimientos sobre la humanización del cuidado del recién nacido prematuro.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as etapas de elaboração e validação de conteúdo de uma tecnologia educacional digital para profissionais de enfermagem sobre o banho de ofurô em recém-nascidos em Unidades de Cuidado Neonatal. Método: Estudo metodológico conduzido entre agosto de 2019 e julho de 2021, em uma maternidade pública de Manaus, Amazonas, desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram produzidas as imagens, texto e editoração do e-book. Na segunda, foi conduzida a validação de conteúdo do material, pela manifestação de 15 juízes especialistas, enfermeiros e experientes no cuidado neonatal. Na análise dos dados, aplicou-se a porcentagem de concordância com estimação de escore de concordância. Foram considerados válidos os itens com 80% ou mais de concordância. Resultados: Foi produzido o e-book "Banho de ofurô: manual para profissionais de enfermagem", organizado em nove sessões, que descrevem a execução da técnica. O conteúdo foi considerado válido pelos juízes especialistas (escore geral 90%). Conclusão: O e-book foi considerado adequado para ser utilizado em treinamento de profissionais de enfermagem, com potencial para a difusão do conhecimento quanto à humanização da assistência ao recém-nascido prematuro.

Effects of gender on clinical outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants and analysis of risk factors of mortality / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the effects of gender on clinical outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) and to analyze the risk factors of mortality.Methods:From January 2011 to December 2020, ELBWI (birth weight <1 000 g) admitted to the Neonatology Department of our hospital were retrospectively studied. The infants were assigned into the male group and the female group. Incidences of major complications, survival rate and mortality rate were compared between the two groups. The infants were also assigned into survival group and death group according to their clinical outcomes. Binary multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of mortality in ELBWI.Results:A total of 637 ELBWI cases were included. 311 cases were in the male group with a survival rate of 57.9% (180/311) and 326 cases were in the female group with a survival rate of 57.4% (187/326). The incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pulmonary hemorrhage and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the male group were significantly higher than the female group ( P<0.05). Significant increases of survival rate existed for both groups year by year ( P<0.01).No significant differences existed in survival rate, mortality rate of infants receiving proactive treatment and mortality rate of infants withdrawing treatment between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that withdrawing treatment ( P<0.01) and pulmonary hemorrhage ( P<0.05) were associated with increased risks of mortality. Conclusions:Male ELBWI have higher risks of RDS, BPD and severe IVH than female ELBWI. Withdrawing treatment and pulmonary hemorrhage are common risk factors of mortality for both male and female ELBWI.

Factores de riesgo y displasia broncopulmonar en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer / Risk factors and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low weight premature infants

Introducción: La displasia broncopulmonar es la secuela más común relacionada con los recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer, derivada de la inmadurez pulmonar y en algunos casos del tratamiento. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo maternos y neonatales asociados a displasia broncopulmonar en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 205 recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo, durante el período 2008-2015. El grupo de casos y el de controles fueron 41 pacientes con diagnóstico de displasia broncopulmonar y 164 pacientes sin diagnóstico de este trastorno respiratorio y que se ajustaran a los criterios de exclusión. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo asociados a displasia broncopulmonar fueron dos o más episodios de sepsis tardía (OR= 5,12; IC95 por ciento: 1,87-14,06), la prematuridad extrema (OR= 4,86; IC95 por ciento: 1,71-13,80), el peso extremadamente bajo al nacer (OR= 2,72; IC95 por ciento: 0,93- 7,94) y la reanimación neonatal (OR= 2,28; IC95 por ciento: 0,89-5,87). Conclusiones: La prematuridad extrema y dos episodios o más de sepsis tardía fueron los factores de riesgo que más se relacionan con la aparición de displasia broncopulmonar en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer(AU)

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common sequelae related to very low birth weight premature infants, and it is derived from pulmonary immaturity and in some cases from treatment. Objective: To identify maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight premature infants. Methods: The sample was composed of 205 very low birth weight premature infants at Belén of Trujillo Hospital during the period 2008-2015. The group of cases and controls were 41 patients with diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 164 patients with no diagnosis of this respiratory disorder, respectively, and that both groups adjusted with exclusion criteria. Results: Risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were 2 or more episodes of late onset sepsis (OR=5.12; IC95 percent: 1,87-14,06), extreme prematurity (OR= 4.86; IC95 percent: 1.7-13.80), extremely low birth weight (OR= 2.72; IC95 percent: 0.9-7.94) and neonatal resuscitation (OR= 2.28; IC95 percent: 0.89-5.87). Conclusions: Extreme prematurity and 2 or more episodes of late onset sepsis were the most associated risk factors to the onset of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight premature infants(AU)

Respiratory support with heated humidified high flow nasal cannula in preterm infants / 소아과

The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not decreased over the last decade. The most important way to decrease BPD is by weaning the patient from the ventilator as soon as possible in order to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury that underlies BPD, and by using a noninvasive ventilator (NIV). Use of a heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC), which is the most recently introduced NIV mode for respiratory support in preterm infants, is rapidly increasing in many neonatal intensive care units due to the technical ease of use without sealing, and the attending physician's preference compared to other NIV modes. A number of studies have shown that nasal breakdown and neonatal complications were lower when using a HHHFNC than when using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The rates of extubation failure during respiratory support were not different between patients who used HHHFNC and nCPAP. However, data from the use of HHHFNC as the initial respiratory support "after birth", particularly in extremely preterm infants, are lacking. Although the HHHFNC is efficacious and safe, large randomized controlled trials are needed before the HHHFNC can be considered an NIV standard, particularly for extremely preterm infants.

Evaluation of procalcitonin on early diagnosis of neonatal infection disease / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical application value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) detection in diagnosis of neonatal infection disease.Methods The serum PCT,CRP values,routine blood test,blood cultures of 50 children with suspected infection was detected at admission and five days after admission.According to the clinical manifestations and the test results,50 children were divided into the bacterial infection group (32 cases) of and non-bacterial infection group (18 cases),and the value of PCT,CRP,routine blood test,blood culture was compared.Results Of bacterial infection group at admission,the serum PCT values in 27 cases were more than or equal with 2μg/L,white blood cell (WBC) increased in 6 cases,CRP of 7 cases were positive,blood cultures (3d) of 4 cases were positive,and of non-bacterial infection group at admission,the serum PCT value in 2 cases were more than or equal with 2μg/L,WBC increased in 2 cases,blood cultures (3d) of 1 case was positive ; Of bacterial infection group 5 days after admission,the serum PCT value in 23 cases were more than or equal with 2μg/L,WBC increased in 15 cases,CRP of 6 cases were positive,blood culture (5d) of 9 case were positive,and of non-bacterial infection group 5 days after admission,the serum PCT value in 1 cases was more than or equal with 2μg/L,WBC increased in 3 cases,CRP of 4 cases were positive,blood culture (5d) of 1 case was positive.At admission the cases of WBC increasing,CRP positive,blood culture positive of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (x2 =0.50,0.19,0.62,all P ＞ 0.05),but the cases of the PCT value which was more than or equal with 2μg/L had statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 =25.30,P ＜ 0.05).5 days after admission the cases of WBC increasing,PCT,blood culture positive of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (x2 =4.39,20.30,8.56,all P ＜ 0.05),but the cases of the CRP value significant differences between the two groups (x2 =0.83,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The detection of serum PCT can be used as an important index of diagnosis for early neonatal infections,and its sensitivity and specificity are better than,blood routine and blood culture.

The analysis of therapeutic effect about the use of pulmonary surfactant in lower than 32 weeks / 中国基层医药

0.05).Contrast between the two groups after infusing PS,pH and PaO_2 gained obvious difference,which showed rectification of hypoxemia and acid-intoxication.Preventative group's incidence of HMD was 27.45% while the treat group's was 80%(?~2=16.26,P

Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebellar Hematoma Simulating Brain Tumor during Infancy

We report a case of chronic encapsulated intracerebellar hematoma occurring during infancy. An 18 month-old boy was admitted because for 3 months, his head could not be held upright, but fell to the left. Computed tomographic(CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the brain revealed a round mass at the cerebellar vermis ; the lesion simulated a cerebellar tumor such as a medulloblastoma. The mass was surgically removed and found to be a well-encapsulated organized intracerebral hematoma. The characteristic clinical and radiologic findings and histopathologic features are discussed, and a survey of the literature is included.