Infecções urinárias e processo do cuidado: perfil etiológico e de sensibilidade no setor de clínica médica de um hospital público da Paraíba / Urinary infections and care process: etiological profile and sensitivity in the medical clinic sector of a public hospital in Paraiba / Infecciones urinarias y proceso asistencial: perfil etiológico y de sensibilidad en el sector clínico de un hospital público de Paraíba

Introdução: Há alguns fatores preditores para ocorrência de Infecção de Trato Urinário (ITU) no processo do cuidado na Clínica Médica (CM) de um Hospital Universitário (HU) como idade e tempo de internamento sendo o controle um desafio para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Descrever os principais agentes microbiológicos de ITU hospitalar na CM nos anos de 2015-16 e avaliar a suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo seccional e de busca na base de dados da CCIH do HU. Resultados: Em 2015 obteve se uma prevalência de 6,5% de ITU hospitalar, o agente biológico mais comum foi Klebsiella pneumoniae. Já em 2016, a prevalência foi de 5,3%; os agentes microbiológicos foram Candida spp. e Escherichia coli. Conclusão: A ITU hospitalar demonstra ser uma condição ainda bastante prevalente no HU, tendo como principal agente em 2015 a Klebsiella pneumoniae e em 2016 a Escherichia coli, ambos com uma maior susceptibilidade aos carbapenêmicos.

Introduction: There are some predictive factors for the occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the care process at the Medical Clinic (CM) of a University Hospital (HU) such as age and length of stay, being control a challenge for public health. Objective: To describe the main microbiological agents of hospital UTI in CM in the years 2015-16 and to assess susceptibility to antimicrobials. Methodology: It is a descriptive and sectional study with research through the database of hospital infection control committee (HICC). Results: In 2015, there was a 6.5% prevalence of hospital UTI, the most common biological agent was Klebsiella pneumoniae. In 2016, the prevalence was 5.3%; the microbiological agents were Candida spp. and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Hospital UTI proves to be still a very prevalent condition in HU, having Klebsiella pneumoniae as its main agent in 2015 and Escherichia coli in 2016, both with greater susceptibility to carbapenems.

Introducción: Existen algunos factores predictores de aparición de Infección del Tracto Urinario (ITU) en el proceso asistencial en la Clínica Médica (CM) de un Hospital Universitario (HU), como la edad y el tiempo de estancia, y su control es un reto para la salud pública. Objetivo: Describir los principales agentes microbiológicos de ITU de adquisición hospitalaria en la CM en 2015-16 y evaluar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, basado en una búsqueda en la base de datos CCIH del HU. Resultados: En 2015, la prevalencia de ITU adquirida en el hospital fue del 6,5%, y el agente biológico más frecuente fue Klebsiella pneumoniae. En 2016, la prevalencia fue del 5,3%; los agentes microbiológicos fueron Candida spp. y Escherichia coli. Conclusión: La ITU hospitalaria sigue siendo una patología muy prevalente en la UH, siendo Klebsiella pneumoniae el principal agente en 2015 y Escherichia coli en 2016, ambos con mayor susceptibilidad a carbapenems.

Lumbar puncture for neurosyphilis investigation in asymptomatic patients with HIV-syphilis coinfection: a cross-sectional study among infectious disease specialists

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Syphilis is a major public health issue worldwide. In people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), there are higher incidences of both syphilis and neurosyphilis. The criteria for referring PLHIV with syphilis for lumbar puncture is controversial, and the diagnosis of neurosyphilis is challenging. OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infectious disease specialists and residents in the context of care for asymptomatic HIV-syphilis coinfection using close-ended questions and case vignettes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in three public health institutions in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we invited infectious disease specialists and residents at three academic healthcare institutions to answer a self-completion questionnaire available online or in paper form. RESULTS: Of 98 participants, only 23.5% provided answers that were in line with the current Brazilian recommendation. Most participants believed that the criteria for lumbar puncture should be extended for people living with HIV with low CD4+ cell counts (52.0%); in addition, participants also believed that late latent syphilis (29.6%) and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titers ≥ 1:32 (22.4%) should be conditions for lumbar puncture in PLHIV with no neurologic symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study highlights heterogeneities in the clinical management of HIV-syphilis coinfection. Most infectious disease specialists still consider syphilis stage, VDRL titers and CD4+ cell counts as important parameters when deciding which patients need lumbar puncture for investigating neurosyphilis.

Caracterización microbiológica y fenotipificación de la resistencia bacteriana en las infecciones intraabdominales en el Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de los Andes, 2014-2017 / Microbiological characterization and phenotyping of bacterial resistance in intra-abdominal infections at the Instituto Autonomo Hospital Universitario de los Andes, 2014-2017

Objetivo: caracterizar los microorganismos involucrados en las infecciones intraabdominales, y fenotipificar sus perfiles de resistencia al uso de los antibióticos en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, entre los años 2014 al 2017. Metodología: enfoque cuantitativo; tipo descriptivo, diseño no experimental de estudio de casos y transversal, a través de toma de muestras de secreciones abdominales en quirófano a las cuales se les realizó cultivo en medios de agar sangre y McConkey, tinción Gram, contaje de leucocitos, y prueba Kirby-Bauer de sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Muestra de 211 pacientes mayores de 16 años que acudieron a la institución con el diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico infeccioso. Resultados: el abdomen agudo quirúrgico infeccioso por apendicitis aguda fue la infección intraabdominal más común, grupo etario que acudió con más frecuencia: <26 años. Agentes etiológicos más frecuentemente aislados: bacilos Gram negativos, especies más frecuentes: E. col i (57,3%), K. pneumon iae (10,9%) y P. a e rug i nosa (6,16%). De todos los microorganismos aislados 57,6% expresaron al menos un fenotipo de resistencia. Fenotipo más común: betalactamasa de espectro extendido y bomba de eflujo de quinolonas (18,8%). Microorganismos con mayores porcentajes de resistencia: Staphylococcus sp. y Enterococcus sp (~100%). Los mejores porcentajes de sensibilidad de la E. col i , K . p neumon ia e y P . a e rug i nosa fueron hacia al colistin, carbapenémicos y amikacina (100%). Conclusión: Los carbapenémicos y los aminoglucósidos seguirán siendo los fármacos de elección en las infecciones intraabdominales del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes(AU)

Objective: to characterize the microorganisms involved in intraabdominal infections, and to phenotype their resistance profiles to the use of antibiotics in the General Surgery Service of the Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, from 2014 to 2017. Methodology: quantitative approach; descriptive type, nonexperimental design of case study and transversal, through sampling of abdominal secretions in the operating room which were cultured in blood agar and McConkey media, Gram stain, leukocyte count, and Kirby-Bauer test for antimicrobial sensitivity. Sample of 211 patients older than 16 years who attended the institution with the diagnosis of acute surgical infectious abdomen. Results: acute surgical infectious abdomen due to acute appendicitis was the most common intra-abdominal infection, most frequent age group: <26 years. Most frequently isolated etiologic agents: Gram-negative bacilli, most frequent species: E. co l i (57.3%), K. p neumon ia e (10.9%) and P . a e rug i nosa (6.16%). Of all the isolated microorganisms, 57.6% expressed at least one resistance phenotype. Most common phenotype: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone efflux pump (18.8%). Microorganisms with the highest percentages of resistance: Staphylococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp (~100%). The best percentages of sensitivity of E. col i , K . pneumoniae and P . a e rug i nosa were to colistin, carbapenemics and amikacin (100%). Conclusion: Carbapenemics and aminoglycosides will remain the drugs of choice in intra-abdominal infections at Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes(AU)

O desafio do HIV em idosos: uma análise qualitativa da atuação de médicos da atenção primária à saúde em Porto Alegre/RS / The challenge of HIV among the elderly population: a qualitative analysis of the performance of primary care physicians in Porto Alegre city, Brazil / El desafio del HIV en ancianos: una analisis qualitativa de la atuación de los medicos de la atención primária de la salud en Porto Alegre/RS

Introdução: A transição demográfica que ocorre no território brasileiro traz para discussão o processo de transição epidemiológica que vivemos, onde as doenças infectas parasitárias somam-se às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: Descrever a atuação dos médicos da Atenção Básica na prevenção primária e secundária em relação à infecção pelo HIV na população idosa atendida pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) do município de Porto Alegre/RS. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, misto, realizado com médicos que atuam na APS em Porto Alegre/RS. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que a temática da sexualidade, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, situações e grupos de risco e tratamento para o HIV são temas de menos conhecimento. Conclusões: Os médicos da rede básica de saúde não realizam prevenção primária e secundária para a infecção pelo HIV em idosos de forma rotineira

Introduction: The demographic transition that takes place in the Brazilian territory brings to the discussion the process of epidemiological transition that we live in, where infectious diseases add to non-communicable chronic diseases. Objective: To compare the performance of the doctors regarding primary and secondary prevention for HIV infection in the elderly population in Primary Care in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, mixed study, applied to physicians working at Primary Care in Porto Alegre/RS. Results: It was evident that the theme of sexuality, sexually transmitted infections, situations and groups at risk and treatment for HIV are less well-known topics. Conclusions: Primary care physicians do not perform primary and secondary prevention for HIV infection in the elderly on a routine basis

Introducción: La transición demográfica que ocurre en el territorio brasileño trae para discusión el proceso de transición epidemiológica que vivimos, donde las enfermedades infectoparasitarias se suman a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: Describir la actuación de los médicos en la prevención primaria y secundaria en relación a la infección por el VIH en la población anciana atendida por la Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) del municipio de Porto Alegre/ RS. Metodología: Es un estudio transversal, mixto, relaizado con los médicos de la APS en Porto Alegre / RS. Resultados: Se envidenció que la tematica de la sexualidad, infecciones sexualmente trasmisibles, situaciones y grupos de riesgo y tratamiento para el VIH son temas de menos conocimiento. Conclusiones: Los médicos de la red basica de salud no pratican la prevención primária y secundária para la infección por el VIH en ancianos de manera rutinera

Reflexões humanísticas em serviço de atendimento especializado em HIV / Humanistic reflections on specialized HIV care service / Reflexiones humanísticas en un servicio de atención especializado en VIH

Resumo A postura do médico em relação a diagnóstico e esclarecimentos ao paciente infectado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana baseia-se principalmente na percepção pessoal e experiência humanística. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência de estudantes de medicina do sexto período do Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, em Belém/PA, durante as aulas do módulo de Habilidades Clínicas (Eixo Infectologia) no Centro de Atenção à Saúde em Doenças Infecciosas Adquiridas. Depois de prestarem atendimentos ambulatoriais e discutirem casos clínicos por cinco meses, os estudantes se deram conta da necessidade de humanização nessa área, considerando questões biopsicossociais. De modo geral, a experiência ampliou os conhecimentos adquiridos nas aulas e permitiu aplicar o cuidado integral ao paciente, além de estimular formação mais humanística e crítica desses profissionais de saúde.

Abstract The physicians's attitude towards diagnosis and clarifications to the patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus is based mainly on personal perception and humanistic experience. The objective of this study was to report the experience of medical students from the sixth period of the Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, in Belém, Pará, Brazil, during classes of the Clinical Skills module (Infectious Axis) at the Center for Attention on Acquired Infectious Diseases. After providing outpatient care and discussing clinical cases for five months and considering biopsychosocial issues, the students realized a need for humanization in this area. The experience expanded the knowledge acquired in class and allowed the delivery of comprehensive care to the patient, in addition to encouraging more humanistic and critical training of these health professionals.

Resumen La actitud del médico respecto al diagnóstico y la aclaración de la condición del paciente infectado por el VIH está relacionada con la percepción personal y la experiencia humanística. El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de presentar la experiencia de estudiantes de medicina del sexto período del Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia, en Belém, Pará, Brasil, durante las clases del módulo Habilidades Clínicas (Eje Infectología) en el Centro de Atención de Enfermedades Infecciosas Adquiridas. Los estudiantes ofrecieron atención ambulatoria y tuvieron discusión de casos durante cinco meses y pudieron advertir la necesidad de humanización en esta área debido a problemas biopsicosociales. La experiencia brindó la oportunidad de ampliar los conocimientos adquiridos durante las clases y aplicar una atención integral al paciente, y estimular la capacitación de profesionales de la salud con un perfil humanístico y crítico.

Leishmaniose visceral humana: um retrato da situação de casos em idosos e longevos / Human visceral leishmaniosis: a closure of the situation of cases in elderly and longlived people

Objetivo: analisar a atual situação epidemiológica brasileira e gaúcha da leishmaniose visceral (LVH), em idosos e verificar o coeficiente de letalidade. Métodos: trata-se um estudo transversal realizado com fonte de dados secundária, em consulta à base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2017, de casos confirmados de leishmaniose visceral no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul, que foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com Epiinfo 7.0. Resultados: casos de LVH em idosos têm aumentado nos últimos 5 anos, dentro do cenário brasileiro e gaúcho. Embora pouco divulgado, é frequente o comprometimento e o aumento da proporção de idosos que vão a óbito pelo LHV, que foi de 20,3% dos casos no período de 2013 a 2017, demonstrando a gravidade da infecção nesse público. Em nosso estudo também encontramos forte relação da idade com o aumento do coeficiente de letalidade, chegando a 46,87% em 2016. Discussão: uma das estratégias recentes no combate à LVH é o abate de cães que contêm o parasita responsável pela transmissão da doença, porém esse método de controle não tem sido muito efetivo. Com isso, constata-se que a medida imunoprofilática, através da vacina Leish-Tec®, tem um efeito favorável no combate à doença somente em animais que não estão em áreas de alta transmissão.

Aims: to analyze the current Brazilian and of the state of Rio Grande do Sul epidemiological situation of visceral leishmaniasis (LVH) in the elderly and verify the mortality coefficient. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a secondary data source, taken from SINAN data from January 2013 to December 2017, with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, which are tabulated in Excel and analyzed with Epiinfo 7. Results: cases of LVH in the elderly have increased in the last 5 years, within the Brazilian and the state of Rio Grande do Sul settings. Although not widely reported, it is frequent to compromise and increase the proportion of elderly people who die from LVH, which was 20,3% of the cases in the period from 2013 to 2017, demonstrating the seriousness of the infection in this public. In our study we also found a strong relation between age and the increase in the lethality coefficient, reaching 46.87% in 2016. Discussion: One of the recent strategies in the fight against HVL is the slaughter of dogs that contains the parasite responsible for the transmission of the disease, but this method of control has not been very effective. Thus, the immunoprophylactic measurement by Leish-Tec® vaccine has a favorable effect in the fight against the disease only in animals that are not in high transmission areas.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a cocaine user: diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge

Abstract Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is a chronic infection that can affect the skin and mucous membranes. We report a case of oral, nasopharyngeal, and penile lesions in a 35-year-old cocaine user. The patient presented with ulcerated lesions in 2014. Histopathologic analysis revealed amastigotes, and serological test results were positive for leishmaniasis. Systemic therapy with meglumine antimoniate was administered; however, the patient failed to present for follow-up. In 2018, he returned with nasal collapse, and another histopathologic test confirmed MCL. This case illustrates the importance of careful differential diagnosis of skin and mucous ulcers to identify the particular pathology.

Comparison of inflammatory markers between brucella and non-brucella epididymo-orchitis

ABSTRACT Objectives: Brucellosis is a multi-system infectious disease that is associated with inflammation, which causes an increase in acute phase reactants. Hematological inflammatory markers of brucellosis include mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of hematological inflammatory markers in Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO), and to investigate the utility of these markers for differential diagnosis from non-Brucella epididymo-orchitis (non-BEO). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 22 BEO and 50 non-BEO patients. Hematological parameters were recorded and compared between the two groups. The main diagnostic criteria for BEO were positive clinical findings (i.e., testicular pain, tenderness and scrotal swelling), a positive Rose Bengal test result, standard tube agglutination (STA) titer ≥ 1/160, and/or a positive blood culture. Results: The most decisive factors in discriminating between BEO and non-BEO were NLR, RDW, and MPV, in decreasing order of their strength. Regardless of other factors, NLR values < 2.3 significantly increased the odds of BEO (OR=8.080, 95% CI: 1.929-33.843, p=0.004). After adjusting for other factors, RDW values >14.45% significantly increased the odds of BEO (OR=7.020, 95% CI: 1.749-28.176, p=0.006). Independent of the other factors, patients with MPV < 7.65 fL had a 6.336 times higher risk for BEO (95% CI: 1.393 - 28.822, p=0.017). Conclusion: Hematological inflammatory markers such as NLR, RDW, and MPV can aid in the differential diagnosis of BEO and non-BEO.

Brazilian infectious diseases specialists: who and where are they?

Abstract Background The infectious diseases specialist is a medical doctor dedicated to the management of infectious diseases in their individual and collective dimensions. Objectives The aim of this paper was to evaluate the current profile and distribution of infectious diseases specialists in Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data obtained from institutions that register medical specialists in Brazil. Variables of interest included gender, age, type of medical school (public or private) the specialist graduated from, time since finishing residency training in infectious diseases, and the interval between M.D. graduation and residency completion. Maps are used to study the geographical distribution of infectious diseases specialists. Results A total of 3229 infectious diseases specialist registries were counted, with 94.3% (3045) of individual counts (heads) represented by primary registries. The mean age was 43.3 years (SD 10.5), and a higher proportion of females was observed (57%; 95% CI 55.3–58.8). Most Brazilian infectious diseases specialists (58.5%) practice in the Southeastern region. However, when distribution rates were calculated, several states exhibited high concentration of infectious diseases specialists, when compared to the national rate (16.06). Interestingly, among specialists working in the Northeastern region, those trained locally had completed their residency programs more recently (8.7 yrs; 95% CI 7.9–9.5) than physicians trained elsewhere in the country (13.6 yrs: 95% CI 11.8–15.5). Conclusion Our study shows that Brazilian infectious diseases specialists are predominantly young and female doctors. Most have concluded a medical residency training program. The absolute majority practice in the Southeastern region. However, some states from the Northern, Northeastern and Southeastern regions exhibit specialist rates above the national average. In these areas, nonetheless, there is a strong concentration of infectious diseases specialists in state capitals and in metropolitan areas.

The Use of Orphan Drugs for Infectious Disease: Current Status and Unmet Needs / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the inconveniences and potential improvements in the use of orphan drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases, as determined by a survey of medical professionals. METHODS: An email was sent twice to the members of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, and an online survey was conducted. The data collected were analyzed in terms of the frequency of drug use and associated difficulties as well as the scope for improvement. RESULTS: A total of 77 medical professionals participated in this survey. Rabies vaccine (n = 52), rabies immunoglobulin (n = 47), and foscarnet injection (n = 43) were supplied mainly through the Korea Orphan Drug Center (KODC), while artesunate (n = 29), quinine sulfate capsule (n = 24), quinine dihydrochloride injection (n = 23), and quinidine gluconate injection (n = 21) were supplied mainly through the National Medical Center (NMC). Difficulties in obtaining orphan drugs through the KODC were related to the KODC drug retrieval system (n = 67, 95.7% of respondents), lack of supplies on holidays (n = 66, 94.3%), complicated application procedures and documents (n = 61, 87.1%), and shipping inconveniences (n = 61, 87.1%). With regard to the use of orphan drugs supplied through the NMC, 52 participants (98.1%) responded that a staff visit should be mandatory for obtaining the drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Antivirals and antimalarial drugs are major orphan drugs used for the treatment of rare infections. It is necessary to establish a more efficient system to ensure a stable supply of orphan drugs, including on holidays, to enhance the smart drug searching system, and to simplify related administrative procedures.

Role of Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Outbreak in Korea, 2015

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (KSPID) has participated in the task force team consisting of government authorities as well as civil medical experts and facilities to block the spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2015. KSPID posted the "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Pop-up" in the homepage of The Korean Pediatric Society and The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. KSPID also released the "Guidelines for testing for MERS in children and adolescents" and the "Instructions for the Operation of National Safe Hospital" for children and adolescents in a timely manner. Such actions were aimed to prevent unnecessary anxieties, studies and isolation of pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms and signs caused by other common microbial etiologies as being suspected for MERS patients. This strategy relieved the doctors and parents from unnecessary fear and prevented the loss of unnecessary health care costs, and has proven to be a well-judged guideline and management protocol as evaluated after the final end of MERS outbreak. KSPID and its members should support the presence of pediatric infectious disease (PID) specialists in every medium size hospitals in Korea by developing the need for consultation fees for PID consultation in the hospital based practice and promoting the potential for cost savings related to prevention of health care associated infections and optimal prescription of antimicrobial agents. KSPID and its members need to approach and develop a communication plan to political decision makers to demonstrate and convince them of the importance of a PID specialist service.

Análise do diagnóstico nutricional depacientes em assistência hospitalar deinfectologia / Analysis of the nutritional diagnosis of patients of infectiousdiseases in hospital care

A interação entre desnutrição e infecção é reconhecida há muito tempo com base em observações clínicas e em dados epidemiológicos.A desnutrição compromete as defesas imunológicas do hospedeiro, facilitando a instalação de processos infecciosose, por outro lado, as infecções reiteradas comprometem o estado nutricional. Este trabalho objetivou apresentar umaanálise do diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes portadores de doenças infectocontagiosas na admissão hospitalar. Tratou-sede uma pesquisa transversal realizada a partir da revisão de prontuários de 139 pacientes hospitalizados. Para classificaçãodo estado nutricional, utilizou-se o IMC, seguindo os seguintes valores de referência: < 18,4 kg/m2 magreza, 18,5 a 24,9 kg/m2 eutrofia e acima de 25,0 kg/m2 excesso de peso para adultos e para os idosos adotou-se < 23,0 kg/m2 baixo peso, 23,0 a28,0 kg/m2 peso normal e acima deste valor excesso de peso. Os diagnósticos clínicos mais presentes foram: HIV+ / AIDS eTuberculose Pulmonar. Os dois grupos analisados (adultos e idosos) apresentaram déficit no estado nutricional: o primeirocom prevalência de 47,4% e o segundo com 87,5%. Quanto à terapia nutricional ofertada, 85% dos analisados receberamterapia nutricional por via oral, enquanto 12% por via enteral e os demais 3% adquiriram orientação dietoterápica e/ou adaptaçãoda dieta hospitalar. O diagnóstico nutricional dos pacientes estudados foi caracterizado pelo baixo peso nos grupossegundo o IMC. Portanto, pôde-se confirmar que é comum a presença de desnutrição entre os pacientes hospitalizados comdoenças infectocontagiosas e que a avaliação nutricional é de extrema importância para o diagnóstico prévio desse estado epara que seja instituída a terapia nutricional adequada mais precocemente, proporcionando uma melhor qualidade de vida.

The relation between malnutrition and infection is known for a long time based on clinical and epidemiological data. Malnutritioncompromises the person’s immune defenses facilitating the installation of infectious processes. Moreover, recurrentinfection diseases affect nutritional condition. This study aimed to present an analysis of the nutritional diagnosis of patients withinfectious diseases during hospital admission. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted based on the medical records of 139hospitalized patients. The BMI was used to determine the nutritional status. The reference values adopted for adults were: < 18.4kg / m2 underweight, 18.5 and 24.9 kg / m2 normal weight and above 25.0 kg / m2 overweight, and for elderly: < 23.0 kg / m2underweight, 23.0 to 28.0 kg / m2 normal weight and above this value overweight. The more present clinical diagnoses were:HIV Positive / AIDS and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Both analyzed groups (adults and elderly) had a deficit in nutritional condition:the first with 47.4% prevalence and the second with 87.5%. Regarding offered nutritional therapy, 85% of the analyzed peoplereceived nutritional therapy orally, while 12% received enteral nutrition and the 3% left received dietotherapeutic counselingand/or adjusted hospital diet. The nutritional diagnosis of the patients was characterized by low weight in the groups – basedon BMI. Therefore, we could confirm that the presence of malnutrition among hospitalized patients with infectious diseases iscommon and nutritional evaluation is of utmost importance for a diagnosis of this condition. Moreover, it is important to instituteadequate nutritional therapy earlier, providing a better quality of life.

Pesquisas em pneumologia recentemente publicadas em revistas brasileiras / Pulmonary research recently published in Brazilian journals

Revisamos estudos originais no campo da pneumologia que foram recentemente publicados em 12 publicações gerais ou de especialidades - que não o Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia - indexadas no Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge. A seleção dos artigos foi baseada no conceito de continuously variable rating, e os artigos foram classificados em categorias.

We reviewed original articles in the field of pulmonary medicine that had been recently published in 12 Brazilian journals-general or specialty journals-excluding the Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology. All were journals indexed for the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge. The selection of articles was based on the "continuously variable rating" concept. We have organized the articles by category.

Análisis bibliométrico de la revista Infectio, 1995 a 2011 / Bibliometric analysis of Infectio journal, 1995 to 2011

La bibliometría aplica métodos estadísticos para el análisis cuantitativo de las publicaciones científicas. Los índices bibliométricos permiten determinar propiedades y tendencias de una publicación, sus autores y sus contenidos. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis bibliométrico y de redes sociales de la revista Infectio. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo. Se analizaron 15 volúmenes de la revista Infectio, compuestos por 53 números del período 1995 a 2011. Se calcularon índices de producción, colaboración, citación y visibilidad. Para comparar la tendencia de publicación por temas y la citación de la revista, se hizo una búsqueda en Medline® y Scopus® (Elsevier). Resultados: En Infectio se publicaron 303 artículos, de los cuales el 47,19% fueron trabajos originales. Se encontraron 25 autores con 3 o más documentos originales, 2 grandes productores y 457 transitorios para un índice de transitoriedad del 85,58%. La colaboración intrainstitucional fue del 44,06%. Los temas más frecuentes en trabajos originales fueron farmacorresistencia microbiana, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, toxoplasma y tuberculosis. El factor de impacto varió entre 0,18 y 0,59. Los temas más citados fueron neutropenia y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Discusión: La producción de trabajos originales fue alta. Los grupos identificados están conformados por los autores más productivos. Los índices bibliométricos de productividad y colaboración fueron similares a los de revistas biomédicas internacionales. Los resultados de los índices de transitoriedad y de autocitación indicaron falta de consolidación de líneas o grupos de investigación. La participación de la universidad pública fue prevalente. En la comparación se destaca una mayor producción de temas como virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y toxoplasma.

Bibliometrics apply statistics methods for the quantitative analysis of scientific production. Bibliometric indicators are useful in determining properties and trends in a publication, its authors and its content. Objective: To make a bibliometric and social network analysis of Infectio journal. Methods: Bibliometric descriptive study. Fifteen volumes of the journal Infectio were analyzed, consisting of 53 numbers during the period from 1995 to 2011. Rates of production, collaboration, citation and visibility were calculated. A search was made in Medline® and Scopus® (Elsevier) to compare the publication by topics and the citation. Results: 303 articles were published in Infectio, of which 47.19% were original articles. We found 25 authors with three or more original articles, with 2 large producers and 457 transients for a rate of 85.58% of transience. Intra-institutional collaboration was 44.06%. The most frequent topics in original articles were microbial drug resistance, HIV, toxoplasma and tuberculosis. The impact factor varied between 0.18 and 0.59. The topics most cited were neutropenia and HIV. Conclusion: The production of original articles was high. The groups identified are composed of the most prolific authors. Bibliometric indicators of productivity and collaboration were similar to those of international biomedical journals. The results of the levels of transience and self-citation indicates lack of consolidation of lines or research groups. The participation of the public university was predominant. The comparison highlights an increased production of topics like HIV and toxoplasma.

A review of recent pediatric research published in Brazilian indexed journals / Uma revisão sobre a pesquisa em pediatria recentemente publicada em revistas indexadas brasileiras

This review surveys articles appertaining to the general field of pediatrics that have been published in Brazilian scientific periodicals over recent years. its main purpose was to bring to the attention of the readership of the são paulo medical journal original contributions from specialty and non-specialty journals. we hope that this can be seen as a general scientific update for the readers. We have covered articles appearing in Brazilian isi-indexed journals, following a PubMed search.

Esta revisão cobre artigos pertencentes ao campo geral de pediatria publicados em revistas científicas brasileiras nos últimos anos. seu principal objetivo é chamar a atenção dos leitores de são paulo medical journal para contribuições originais de revistas especializadas e não especializadas. oferecemos esta coletânea como uma atualização científica em geral para os leitores. Foram cobertos artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras indexadas no isi, após uma busca PubMed.

Biossegurança: Conhecimento e Adesão às Medidas de Precauções Padrão num Hospital / Biosafety: Knowledge and Compliance Measures to Standard Precautons in a Hospital

Este estudo investigou o conhecimento da equipede enfermagem acerca dos riscos biológicos aos quais estãoexpostos no setor de infectologia do Hospital UniversitárioAlcides Carneiro (HUAC/UFCG) do município de CampinaGrande –PB. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada noperíodo de abril a maio de 2009, com a aplicação de umquestionário com perguntas objetivas referentes ao temaproposto, seguindo as normas éticas. Resultados: De acordocom análise dos dados foi possível verificar que: 78,6%tiveram contato com sangue, sendo 64,3% com pele íntegra,92,9% lavou o local da lesão com água e sabão, e 64,3% nãonotificaram o acidente. Constatou-se que no setor não existeprotocolo pós-exposição, como também não foi verificado aexistência de manual de biossegurança, no entanto todos osprofissionais do setor afirmaram que há a necessidade daimplantação dos mesmos. Conclusão: Concluímos que osprofissionais conhecem os tipos de precauções que devemadotar para determinadas doenças infecto-contagiosas...

This study investigated the knowledge of nursingstaff regarding biological hazards they are exposed in thesector of infectious diseases at the Alcides CarneiroUniversity Hospital (ACUH / UFCG) in Campina Grande -PB.Methods: The survey was conducted during April and May2009, with the application of a questionnaire containingobjective questions on the proposed topic, following ethicalstandards. Results: According to data analysis it was verifiedthat 78.6% had contact with blood, and 64.3% with intactskin, 92.9% wash the injured area with soap and water, and64.3% did not report the accident. It was found that in thesector there is no post-exposure protocol as well as nobiosafety manual, even though the whole team hasemphasized a need for their implementation. Conclusion: It isconcluded that professionals do not know what sort ofprecautions should be adopted in relation to certain infectiousdiseases...

Formação e experiência profissional dos médicos prescritores de antirretrovirais no Estado de São Paulo / Professional background and experience of antiretroviral prescribing physicians in the State of São Paulo

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil dos médicos que prescreveram antirretrovirais (ARV) no Estado de São Paulo para o tratamento de pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas as características sociodemográficas, de formação técnico-científica e a experiência dos profissionais que prescreveram os ARV entre outubro de 2007 e maio de 2009, utilizando-se informações obtidas nos bancos de dados do Ministério da Saúde, Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado São Paulo, Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica e plataforma Lattes. RESULTADOS: A prescrição regular de ARV para 74 mil pacientes foi realizada por 1609 médicos, que apresentam distribuição similar segundo sexo, têm entre 30 anos e 49 anos, residem principalmente na região metropolitana de São Paulo, são formados em média há 16,1 anos, em 93 escolas médicas do país e possuem alguma formação em especialidades médicas (67,5 por cento), especialmente em infectologia (38,9 por cento). Cada médico prescreveu ARV em média para 10 pacientes, sendo que 51,6 por cento prescreveram para 20 ou mais pacientes. Entre os profissionais, 62 por cento reúnem conhecimento específico ou experiência para o tratamento de pessoas com HIV, sendo que 2,7 por cento das prescrições foram realizadas por profissionais que não apresentaram nenhuma dessas condições. Regiões com alta incidência de Aids apresentaram menor número de prescritores, como Barretos e Baixada Santista, reunindo as maiores concentrações de profissionais sem conhecimento específico ou experiência no Estado de São Paulo. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das pessoas com HIV recebem prescrições de médicos que apresentam os requisitos de conhecimento e/ou experiência. Porém, o grande número de prescritores sem as qualificações mínimas e o reduzido número de médicos em regiões de maior incidência de Aids implicam importantes desafios para universalizar adequada atenção à saúde de pessoas com HIV.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the professional profile of physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to HIV infected persons in the State of São Paulo. METHODS: Databases from different sources, namely Ministry of Health, São Paulo State Regional Medical Council, National Commission on Medical Residency and the Lattes platform, were consulted. Data concerning socio-demographic characteristics, academic and professional background and experience for the period from October 2007 to May 2009 were analyzed. RESULTS: The regular ARV prescription for 74 thousand patients was issued by 1,609 physicians whose characteristics are: evenly distributed according to gender, aged between 30 to 49 years, live in the metropolitan area of Greater São Paulo, graduated 16.1 years ago on the average, come from 93 different Brazilian medical schools, hold a specialty diploma in 67.5 percent of cases, most of them in the field of Infectious Diseases (38.9 percent). The mean number of patients per physician was 10, though 51.6 percent of physicians prescribed for 20 or more patients. Of these physicians 62 percent reported specific knowledge or experience with HIV care , although 2.7 percent of all prescriptions were issued by physicians without this specific qualification. Regions of high AIDS incidence showed a smaller number of prescribing physicians. The cities of Registro and Ribeirão Preto showed the highest concentration of physicians lacking proper credentials. CONCLUSION: The absolute majority of HIV patients receives their prescriptions from duly trained and experienced physicians. Nevertheless, the large number of non-qualified physicians together with the reduced number of physicians in HIV high incidence regions make up the major challenge for comprehensive and adequate care of HIV patients.