Temporal trends in vena cava filter implantation in public health system inpatients: an 11-year analysis of the largest city in Brazil / Tendência temporal do implante de filtro de veia cava em pacientes internados no SUS em São Paulo: análise de 11 anos da maior cidade do Brasil

Abstract Background Vena cava filter implantation is considered a simple procedure, which can lead to overuse and over-indication. It is nevertheless associated with short and long-term complications. Objectives The goals of this study were to evaluate rates of vena cava filter implantation conducted by Brazil's Unified Public Health System, analyzing in-hospital mortality and migration of patients from other cities seeking medical attention in São Paulo. Methods This study analyzed all vena cava filter procedures conducted from 2008 to 2018 in the city of São Paulo and registered on the public database using a big data system to conduct web scraping of publicly available databases. Results A total of 1324 vena cava filter implantations were analyzed. 60.5% of the patients were female; 61.7% were under 65 years old; 34.07% had registered addresses in other cities or states; and there was a 7.4% in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusions We observed an increase in the rates of use of vena cava filters up to 2010 and a decrease in rates from that year onwards, which coincides with the year that the Food and Drug Administration published a recommendation to better evaluate vena cava filter indications.

Resumo Contexto O implante de filtro de veia cava é considerado um procedimento de baixa complexidade, o que pode resultar em indicação excessiva. No entanto, não é isento de complicações a curto e longo prazo. Objetivos Avaliar as taxas de implantes de filtro de veia cava realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e a origem geográfica e mortalidade intra-hospitalar dos pacientes. Métodos Foi conduzida uma análise em um banco de dados públicos referente às taxas de implantes de filtro de veia cava realizados de 2008 a 2018 na cidade de São Paulo, utilizando o sistema de big data. Resultados Foram analisados 1.324 implantes de filtro de veia cava financiados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Identificou-se tendência de aumento da taxa de implantação até 2010 e de redução dos números após esse período. Do total de pacientes, 60,5% eram do sexo feminino; 61,75% tinham menos de 65 anos; e 34,07% possuíam endereço oficial em outra cidade ou estado. A taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 7,4%. Conclusões Observamos aumento das taxas de implante de filtro de veia cava até 2010 e redução das taxas após esse período, o que coincide com o ano em que a organização norte-americana Food and Drug Administration publicou uma recomendação para melhor avaliar as indicações de filtros.

An alternative approach to treatment of inferior vena cava filter perforation / Tratamento alternativo para perfuração de veia cava inferior por filtro

Abstract We report a case of inferior vena cava filter perforation immediately after filter implantation, recognized intraoperatively in a patient undergoing laparotomy for resection of locally advanced ovarian cancer. We describe an alternative approach with strut resection, less invasive than filter removal, enabling the device to be maintained and bleeding to be controlled.

Resumo Relatamos um caso de perfuração de veia cava inferior imediatamente após o implante de um filtro. A complicação foi reconhecida no intraoperatório de uma laparotomia para ressecção de um câncer de ovário localmente avançado. Descrevemos uma abordagem alternativa, menos invasiva do que a remoção do filtro, consistindo na ressecção das hastes do dispositivo. Essa abordagem permitiu a manutenção do filtro e o controle efetivo do sangramento.

Inferior vena cava filter removal – Hope for the best and prepare for the worst: An anesthesiology perspective

A patient presented to our institution for an elective removal of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter under local anesthesia. Once removed, it was noticed that the filter had a missing secondary leg. The patient had a chest CT done which showed a hyper-attenuating structure in the region of the tricuspid valve highly suspicious for the fractured strut of the filter. Upon these findings, the patient was taken once again to the surgical suite for an endovascular retrieval of the strut. For fear of a possible cardiac injury and a potential need for a sternotomy, the patient received general anesthesia and was placed with appropriate IV access and full cardiac monitors. The strut was removed successfully without any complications. Despite the relative benign nature of this endovascular procedure, one should always be prepared for an appropriate resuscitation in case of an occurrence of a surgical complication.

Influencing factors for venous patency rate in patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs treated with inferior vena cava filter combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for venous patency rate in patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT) of lower limbs treated with inferior vena cava filter(IVCF) combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis.Methods A total of 120 patients with DVT of lower limbs who underwent IVCF combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis were selected from March 2014 to March 2017 in Zhumadian Central Hospital.The patients were divided into poor effect group (patency rate ＜ 50％) and good effect group (patency rate ≥ 50％) according to venous patency rate after treatment.The clinical data were compared between the two groups.The influencing factors for venous patency rate in patients with DVT of lower limbs after IVCF placement and catheter-directed thrombolysis were analyzed by logistic regression.Results Among the 120 pauems with DVT of lower limbs,the venous patency rate was less than 50％ in 62 cases (poor effect group),and the venous patency rate was equal to or greater than 50％ in 58 cases (good effect group).The proportion of patients with high blood pressure,diabetes mellitus and malignant tumor in good effect group was significantly lower than that in poor effect group (P ＜0.05);there was a significant difference in DVT staging and location between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05);the levels of platelet count,white blood cell count and plasma fibrinogen in good effect group were significantly lower than those in poor effect group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in sex,age,operation history,trauma history and D-dimer level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that white blood cell count,plasma fibrinogen,DVT staging and location were the influencing factors for venous patency rate after IVCF placement and catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with DVT of lower limbs (P ＜ 0.05);but hypertension,diabetes mellitus,malignant tumor and platelet count were not related to the venous patency rate (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion White blood cell count,plasma fibrinogen,DVT staging and location are the influencing factors for venous patency rate after IVCF placement and catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with DVT of lower limbs.Relevant measures should be formulated in order to improve the treatment effectiveness.

The recyclability and safety of Celect retrievable vena cava filter / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the recyclability and safety of Celect retrievable filter placement in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT).Methods The data of 120 DVT patients with Celect retrievable filter were collected from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from August 2015 to March 2017 and analyzed retrospectively. The Celect filter was placed in the inferior vena cava(IVC)at the inferior margin of the renal vein for 1 to 2 cm by puncturing the contralateral femoral vein or right internal jugular vein.The filter retrieve risk was assessed within 8 weeks after being implanted. The filters would be recovered through the right jugular vein when meeting the recovery standard, and the retrieve methods included conventional method, removing the guide wire into a loop trap method and guiding wire into a loop combined with balloon assisted method.The perforation of the vena cava was observed and the tilt angle of the filter was measured.The success rate of Celect filter retrieve was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Celect filters were successfully implanted in 120 patients with DVT.The IVC filters were implanted through femoral vein in 111 patients and 2 cases via right internal jugular vein.No complications,asymptomatic pulmonary embolism and related death was found in all patients.Twenty four patients did not reach the standard of filter retrieve,and were follow-uped.Ninety six cases were treated with Celect retrievable filter,among which,93 cases were successfully recovered with the filter indwelling time ranging from 7 to 144 days and the median being 50 days.The failure of the filter retrieve occurred in 3 cases because of the serious tilt of the filter or the encapsulation of filter by inferior vena cava thrombus.Perforation of vena cava with no clinical symptoms occurred in 21 cases.Filter tilt was found in 35 cases,among which,15 cases had inclined angle>15 degrees or the recovery hook closed to the IVC wall.Thirteen cases with filter tip or recovery hook attached to the wall were successfully removed by using the guide wire into a loop or trap guide wire into a loop combined with balloon assisted method instead of routine removal method.The retrieve rate was 100% when the retention time of Celect filter in the body was within 106 days. Conclusion Celect retrievable filter can be implanted in DVT patients with long retrieve time window and high retrieve rate,but the filter inclination rate and vena cava perforation rate are high.

A Case Report of Successful Surgical Treatment of Removing an Inferior Vena Cava Filter / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE), usually secondary to deep venous thrombosis (DVT), is a serious disease which may cause sudden death. An inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) is placed in certain circumstances to prevent recurrence of PE. However, some complications of IVCF have been reported and the indications of IVCF should be reviewed. We encounted a case of IVCF migration which required surgical removal through right intercostal thoracotomy. The patient was a 53-year-old woman. She had undergone the placement of IVCF for DVT followed by anticoagulant therapy. Eight days after, CT revealed IVCF migrated above renal veins. As percutaneous extraction was attempted unsuccessfully, the direct approach to remove IVCF between the hepatic vein and renal vein was indicated. Through the right side thoracotomy at the seventh intercostal space with the division of costal arch, the inferior vena cava (IVC) was exposed near the right atrium. The diaphragm was longitudinally divided straight to IVC and the liver was retraced anteriorly after the careful dissection of the venous plexus on the back of the liver. IVCF could be palpated and just below the branch of the caudate rami and above the right renal vein. After systemic heparinization, IVC and branches were clamped simply and IVC was incised longitudinally. The proximal tip of the IVCF dug into the intima and the distal hook penetrated the vein. IVCF was carefully removed and incision and penetration of IVC were repaired. Her postoperative course was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged without any complications.

Clinical Outcomes of a Preoperative Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Acute Venous Thromboembolism Patients Undergoing Abdominal-Pelvic Cancer or Orthopedic Surgery

PURPOSE: Surgery is the most common risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with a recent venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study reviewed clinical outcomes of preoperative inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) use in patients with acute VTE during abdominal-pelvic cancer or lower extremity orthopedic surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 122 patients with a recent VTE who underwent IVCF replacement prior to abdominal-pelvic cancer or lower extremity orthopedic surgery conducted between January 2010 and December 2016. Demographics, clinical characteristics, postoperative IVCF status, risk factors for a captured thrombus, and clinical outcomes were collected for these subjects. RESULTS: Among the 122 study patients who were diagnosed with acute VTE in the prior 3 months and underwent preoperative IVCF replacement, 70 patients (57.4%) received abdominal-pelvic cancer surgery and 52 (42.6%) underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery. There were no perioperative complications associated with IVCF in the study population and no cases of symptomatic PE postoperatively. A captured thrombus in the filter was identified postoperatively in 16 patients (13.1%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that postoperative anticoagulation within 48 hours significantly reduced the risk of a captured thrombus (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.94; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: A captured thrombus in preoperative IVCF was identified postoperatively in 16 patients (13.1%). Postoperative anticoagulation within 48 hours reduces the risk of captured thrombus in these cases.

Clinical curative effect analysis of vena cava filter placement and thrombolytic therapy combined with Rivaroxaban for acute deep venous thrombosis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical curative effect of inferior vena cava filter placement and catheter direct thrombolytic therapy combined with anticoagulant therapy with Rivaroxaban for deep venous thrombus (DVT) of the lower extremity.Methods 40 patients with acute lower extremity DVT were collected,after the inferior vena cava filter placement,thrombolytic catheter were placed in femoral and iliac vein occlusion,and urokinase was continuously infused through the catheter 24 h.Anticoagulant therapy with Rivaroxaban tablets started when the patient was diagnosed with the disease.We evaluated the short-term and long-term efficacy of the treatment from the iliac femoral vein patency,limb circumference and complications.Results 40 patients were successfully implanted the filter,38 patients were successfully removed the filter after 21 days.The clinical symptoms were relieved after 7 days of treatment,and the iliac femoral vein blood flow was basically recovered.Before and after treatment,the limb circumference was significantly reduced (P＜0.05).No serious complications occurred during the treatment period.Following up in 6 months,the rate of iliac vein occlusion and pigmentation were 2.5 ％ (1/40)and 2.5 ％ (1/40)respectively.Following up in 12 months,the rate of iliac vein occlusion and pigmentation were 7.5 ％ (3/40) and 5.0 ％ (2/40)respectively.Conclusion For treatment of acute DVT of the lower extremity,inferior vena cava filter placement and catheter direct thrombolytic therapy combined with anticoagulant therapy with Rivaroxaban can achieve satisfactory clinical curative effect,which is clinically safe and feasible.

Role of hybrid operating room in surgery for the right atrial thrombus, pulmonary thrombi, and ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction.

Free‑floating right heart thrombi are uncommon and need emergency treatment in view of their tendency to dislodge and cause pulmonary embolism. We report a successful surgical management of a patient who had large mobile right atrial thrombus, bilateral pulmonary thrombi, coronary artery disease, and postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR). The patient underwent coronary angiography, inferior vena cava filter placement, removal of thrombi from the right atrium and pulmonary arteries, repair of VSR, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a hybrid operating room.

Uso de cânula venovenosa com duplo-lúmen para oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea em paciente com síndrome de angústia respiratória aguda com prévia inserção de filtro na veia cava inferior: relato de caso / Use of a dual lumen cannula for venovenous extra corporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome and a previously inserted inferior vena cava filter: a case report

RESUMO A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea é utilizada em casos de hipoxemia refratária em diversas condições clínicas. Pacientes vítimas de traumatismo torácico geralmente desenvolvem síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda. Em razão do elevado risco de sangramentos, as complicações trombóticas que se apresentam neste contexto são particularmente difíceis de tratar e, geralmente, demandam a inserção de um filtro na veia cava inferior, com a finalidade de prevenir a migração de êmbolos oriundos das veias distais para a circulação pulmonar. Neste artigo, apresentamos o caso de um paciente com traumatismo torácico, que apresentou grave síndrome de angústia respiratória aguda, com necessidade de utilizar oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea aplicada por meio da introdução de uma cânula com duplo-lúmen na veia jugular interna direita. Este procedimento foi realizado tendo em vista a prévia inserção de um filtro na veia cava inferior, por conta da ocorrência de trombose venosa profunda em ambas as panturrilhas.

ABSTRACT Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used in refractory hypoxemia in many clinical settings. Thoracic trauma patients usually develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to high risk of bleeding, thrombotic complications present in this context are particularly difficult to manage and usually require insertion of an inferior vena cava filter to prevent embolism from the distal veins to the pulmonary circulation. Here, we present a case of a thoracic trauma patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation via a right internal jugular double lumen cannula due to a previously inserted inferior vena cava filter caused by distal bilateral calf muscle vein deep vein thrombosis.

Fontan’s circulation with dextrocardia, recent pulmonary embolism, and inferior vena cava filter: Anesthetic challenges for urgent hysterectomy.

Fontan’s circulation is a unique challenge for the anesthesiologist. Venous pressure is the only source of blood flow for the pulmonary circulation. Patients with such circulation are extremely sensitive to progression of cyanosis (decreased pulmonary blood flow) or circulatory failure. Any major venous compression can compromise the pulmonary blood flow worsening cyanosis; simultaneously, an increased afterload can precipitate circulatory failure. We present a rare patient of surgically corrected Ivemark syndrome with Fontan’s physiology with dextrocardia who developed a large uterine fibroid compressing inferior vena cava (IVC). As a result of compression, not only the pulmonary circulation was compromised but she also developed stasis‑induced venous thrombosis in the lower limbs that lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) (increased afterload). In addition to oral anticoagulation an IVC filter was inserted to prevent ongoing recurrent PE. Further, to prevent both circulatory compromise and deep venous thrombosis an urgent myomectomy/ hysterectomy was planned. In the present case, we discuss the issues involved in the anesthetic management of such patients and highlight the lacunae in the present guidelines for managing perioperative anticoagulation these situations.

Clinical research of catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute lower limb deep venous thrombosis by the posterior tibial vein / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and clinical value of catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute lower limb deep venous thrombosis by the posterior tibial vein.Methods Atotal of 46 patints with acute deep venous thrombosis in the department of vecular surgery of People's hospital of the xinjiang uygur autonomous region,under the protection of the inferior vena cava fillters,we treated by catheter directed thrombosisthrough the posterior tibial vein with urokinase continuous infusion.Results In the total gourp of 46 patients,39 patients effectively relieve the swelling,7 of which was ineffective,and 4 cases of patients ease the swelling after the expansion by the iliac vein balloon,3 patients accepted the iliac vein balloon dilation and stent placement,6 patients who were bleeding were treated with pressure dressing,andthere was no other complications.After the treatment,the venous patency score was low,and the patency rate was high and which have a statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05) before and after thrombolysis.Before and after thrombolytic therapy for lower limb swelling rate,there was statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It is a safe and effective method to treat the deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs with catheter-directed thrombolysis by the protection of inferior vena cava filter.It can enhance the patency of the vein and shorten the swelling time.

Complications of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement for Pulmonary Embolism after Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate severe complications of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) applying for preventing pulmonary embo-lism after spinal cord injury. Methods From December 2014 to July 2015, 95 patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in our hospital were retrospected. Results Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) appeared in 23 cases, in which 15 cases placed IVCF. All patients accepted anti-coagulant therapy, except 10 cases with contraindication. 3 cases had severe complication, in which 2 cases had comprehensive DVT distal to IVCF, with both lower limbs severe swelling, acute renal inadequacy and hypertension;1 case had continuous hyperpyrexia. Conclusion Although the IVCF placement was widely used in acute SCI for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients with DVT, however, the selec-tion of IVCF and complication prevention should be taken into account.

Discussion on the optimal retrieval time of Cook Medical inferior vena cava filters / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the optimal retrieval time of the indwelling Gunther Tulip and Cook Celcet inferior vena cava filters (VCF). Methods During the period from March 2013 to April 2015 at Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, the implantation of retrievable inferior vena cava filter was performed in 58 patients. Among the 58 patients, Gunther Tulip VCF was used in 13 and Cook Celcet VCF was employed in 31. Twenty-one patients followed the doctor's advice to receive retrieval procedure of VCF within three months after the implantation. Results Among the 21 patients, successful retrieval of VCF was obtained in 19. The mean indwelling time of Gunther Tulip VCF was 54.4 days, the longest time being 79.0 days. Gunther Tulip VCF was successfully removed in 3 patients and retrieval of VCF failed in 2 patients, with a retrieval success rate of 60%. The mean indwelling time of Cook Celcet VCF was 37.6 days, the longest time being 67.0 days. Cook Celcet VCF was successfully removed in 16 patients, with the success rate of retrieval being 100%. Conclusion Despite many VCFs that have been indwelled for a long time can be safely retrieved, retrieval procedure should be performed as early as possible in order to improve the retrieval success rate of VCF. It seems that the use of Cook Celcet VCF is a better choice although it is more expensive.

Catheter directed thrombolysis treatment of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis of the clinical problem analysis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To discuss and analyze the issue in the catheter directed thrombolysis(CDT) treatment of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.Methods The clinical data of 182 cases of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis from January 2011 to January 2013 which were treated by CDT were retrospectively analyzed,and the issues in these treatment were discussed and analyzed.Results The effect were classified into three degrees.Thrombosis clearance exceed 95 percent belonged to the first degree,among 50 percent and 95 percent belonged to the second degree,and below 50 percent belonged to the third degree.In this study,the respective number of each degree were 93/68/21.Sixty-one cases combined iliac venous compression syndrome were treated by stent.Twenty-two cases were treated with inferior vena cava filter.All the patients were followed up 10 months,148 cases of them maintained patency.Conclusions The effect of CDT treatment to acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis is remarkable,meanwhile the patency is improved and the deep vein thrombosis were decreased through this method.But the issues of access,filter and iliac venous compression syndrome should also be considered.

Complication of inferior vena cava filter implantation and its prevention：current progress in research / 介入放射学杂志

Along with increasing use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter implantation, more and more attention has been paid to the filter - related complications by scholars both at home and abroad. For the present the generally accepted filter- related complications include filter deformation, filter tilt, filter fracture, filter migration, IVC perforation, IVC thrombosis, IVC occlusion, recurrence of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), post - thrombosis syndrome (PTS), etc. Accurate recognition of filter - related complications and prompt use of appropriate measures that are directed against a given complication in order to reduce or avoid complications are of great clinical significance in applying the inferior vena cava filter to clinical practice in a more safe and effective way. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the filter- related complications and the research progress concerning their prevention in recent years.

Cement Embolus Trapped in the Inferior Vena Cava Filter during Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

A 58-year-old female patient, diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the lung, underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty at the L4 vertebral body due to painful spinal metastases. Because of deep venous thrombosis of the left femoral and iliac veins, an inferior vena cava filter had been placed before vertebroplasty. Bone cement migrated into the venous bloodstream and then was being trapped within the previously placed filter. This case illustrates that caval filter could capture the bone cement and prevent it from migrating to the pulmonary circulation.

Benefits of inferior vena cava filter on the deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the benefit of inferior vena cava filter on the treatment of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and pulmonary embolism.Methods From January 2009 to September 2011,of the 115 patients with DVT,27 cases were treated by VCF under DSA,followed by thrombolysis and anticoagulation.Results All the cases were.successfully implanted with VCF and limb detumescence was achieved after thrombolysis and anticoagulation treatment without complications.Conclusion The implantation of inferior vena cava filter combined with thrombolysis and anticoagulation is favorable and safe to treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism,and it is also effective to prevent PE in patients with deep venous thrombosis in the low extremity.

High Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in a 16-year-old Postpartum Patient: A Case Report / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Postpartum inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis isa rare,but potentially life-threatening disorder.Here we reported one case of the youngest woman to date who presented with massive IVC thrombus extending from deep veins of the right leg to the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra,associated with asymptomatic pulmonary embolism.

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filter Retrieval Rates after Catheter Directed Thrombolysis or Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Its Characteristics

PURPOSE: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is commonly practiced to prevent pulmonary embolism during endovascular therapy of deep vein thrombosis (EndoDVT). When the thrombus is trapped inside the filter during intervention, its removal is quite challenging. The purpose of this study is to determine retrieval rates of IVC filter after EndoDVT and its characteristics. METHODS: Patients who underwent EndoDVT in Inha Unversity Hospital from June 2004 to May 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Retrievable IVC filter was inserted before EndoDVT. EndoDVT was done by catheter directed thrombolysis or pharmacomechanical thrombectomy using urokinase. IVC filter retrieval was decided according to computed tomography after 2 weeks. RESULTS: 126 patients were treated with EndoDVT. Optease (n=101) and Tulip (n=25) IVC filters were inserted. IVC filters were retrieved in 42.9% (54/126). There was no IVC filter related complication during its insertion and removal. IVC filter was not retrieved in 72 patients. Reasons for its failure include residual thrombosis in IVC filter (n=28), high risk for recurrent DVT (n=34), massive pulmonary embolism (n=8), and death (n=2). Residual thrombus inside IVC filter disappeared in 5 patients during 6-month follow up. CONCLUSION: IVC filters retrieval rate after EndoDVT was 42.9%. This can be improved by thorough patient follow up and extended retrievability.