ABSTRACT
Background: Breastfeeding is the healthiest way to feed a baby. Like mothers love there is no substitute for breast milk. Despite of benefits of breast feeding, the breast feeding incidence and the duration of exclusive breast feeding all over world is not satisfactory. In India though breastfeeding is almost universal, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding as per WHO recommendation is not up to the expectations. Over one million infants worldwide die every year because they are not breastfed or because they are given other foods too early. The determination of indicators and variables related to exclusive or overall breastfeeding duration can be a valuable instrument when planning local actions and policies aimed at improving breast feeding rates. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding breast feeding and to determine the impact of lactation counseling to mothers around the time of delivery on breast feeding practices. Material and Methods: Our study was a single center cross sectional questionnaire based study conducted in a Teaching Hospital in Telangana state in India. Duration of study was from October 2016 to September 2018. It was conducted upon 600 (n=600) women i.e. Expectant mothers admitted in antenatal wards and mothers in labour room and postnatal wards of our hospital, who were otherwise healthy. These women were randomly divided in to two groups Group A and Group B. Group A (n=300), Women interviewed after delivery with a preset questionnaire which included 22 questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude and practices of breastfeeding. For Group B (n=300), women brief counseling was given just before delivery in the antenatal wards or in the labour room. Counseling was done by women who were appointed as support staffs under NRHM. These women were given basic training on ideal breastfeeding practices as per Infant and Young Child Feeding Kannaiah B, Radha Mohan M, Snigdha, Sharada. Impact of Lactation Counseling To Mothers on Breast Feeding Practices. IAIM, 2019; 6(2): 13-22. Page 14 (IYCF) guidelines by SNCU pediatricians in our hospital. Mothers in Group B were also interviewed with the same questionnaire by the same interviewer after delivery. The data from the questionnaire of the two groups were analyzed and compared using open EPI INFO statistical methods. Results: Early initiation of breast feeding was observed in 88 % (252-mothers) of Group B compared to 67 % (201-mothers) in Group A. Among the literate women 75% (98-mothers) of Group A and 94% (138-mothers) of Group B women followed early initiation of breast feeding where as in illiterate women early initiation was noticed in 31% (92-mothers) of group A and 41%(114-mothers) of group B mothers. Media played minimal role 16% (48 mothers) of group A and 9% (12 mothers) in group B in encouraging breast feeding. Support from family members & hospital staff had positive influencing on breastfeeding in the groups. 71% (213) of Group A and 89 % (254) of Group B mothers felt breast feeding should be continued for two years and beyond. Conclusion: It revealed that mothers, in virtually all cultures and communities, have considerable knowledge and experience related to all aspects of maternal and child development, and that they have a strong commitment to promoting the well-being of children, their mothers, and families. ‘To have enduring effects, interventions must have an impact on social norms’. In particular, in households in traditional societies around the world, older women or grandmothers play a leading role in decision. They also serve as the primary caregivers of women and children and will continue to play-important role in mother and child health. Thus early initiation of breast feeding, antenatal counseling, educating other family members and support of media etc. will have major role in promoting exclusive breast feeding.
ABSTRACT
En los últimos años, numerosos estudios han sugerido la importancia de la alteración de la percepción de la imagen corporal como un síntoma precoz para la detección de los TCA. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este escrito fue hacer una revisión y análisis de la literatura de aquellos artículos en los cuales se podrá analizar la influencia que tienen los amigos, medios de comunicación y familiares sobre la percepción corporal en niños de 8 a 13 años. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, PsycINFO y Science Direct, que relacionaran influencias socioculturales con los TCA y la percepción corporal, desde hace más de una década. La población femenina y en países desarrollados fueron los principales focos de atención en las investigaciones, la mayoría eran de tipo transversal. Además esta revisión permite observar que a pesar de que se ha estudiado la influencia sociocultural que existe en la percepción corporal aún hay inconsistencias o falta de actualización en las investigaciones, las cuales pueden ser vistas en los instrumentos empleados y el diseño del estudio. Una limitante de este estudio fue no abarcar más años y buscar otras revisiones sobre el tema, es por ello que se recomienda seguir extendiendo los estudios relacionados a esta temática no sólo con muestra femenil, o en países desarrollados sino también en aquellas muestras menos estudiadas.
In recent years, numerous studies have suggested the importance of the alteration of the perception of body image as an early symptom for the detection of eating disorders. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to do a review and analysis of the literature of those articles in which we may analyze the influence of friends, media and family about the body perception in children 8 to 13 years. For this was done a search for articles in the databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Direct, which relate sociocultural influences with the TCA and the body perception, for more than a decade. The female population and in developed countries were the main focus of attention in the research, the majority were of transverse type. In addition this hotfix allows you to observe that in spite of the fact that has been studied the socio-cultural influence that perception exists in the body there are still inconsistencies or lack of update on the investigations, which can be viewed in the instruments used and the design of the study. A limitation of this study was not encompass more years and find other reviews on the subject, that is why it is recommended to continue to extend the studies related to this theme not only with female shows, or in developed countries but also in those samples less studied.