ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of autologous fat injection and conjunctival pedicled orbital septal fat grafting for infraorbital margin depression in young people.Methods:Fourty young patients with lower eyelid pouch and infraorbital margin depression with age of 20 to 40 years and average age of 30.6 yaers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2017 to September 2019 were enrolled. According to the surgical method, all patients were divided into 2 groups with 20 cases each. Group 1 underwent transconjunctival orbital septum fat reset. Group 2 underwent various autologous fat injection after proper amount of orbital septal fat being removed, including structural fat, fine-particle fat and nano-fat, performed in different parts and layers. The tear trough rating scale (TTRS) scores and patients＇ satisfaction at 1 year after operation between 2 groups were compared.Results:Compared with the preoperative TTRS scores, the differences in scores at 6 months and 1 year after surgery were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The scores between two groups were compared at 6 months and 1 year respectively after the operation, and the difference were both statistically significant ( P<0.01). 6 months after the operation, the TTRS scores including four items were carefully compared between the two groups. It showed that the reduction of tear groove depth ( P<0.05), pigmentation ( P<0.01) and wrinkle ( P<0.01) in group 2 were more obvious than those in group 1. The percentage of satisfaction in group 2 (95%) was higher than that in the group 1 (70%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusions:For infraorbital margin depression of young people, after proper amount of orbital septal fat being removed, various free fats graft injection into different parts and layers could obtain better treatment results, reducing not only the depth of the tear groove, but also periorbital pigmentation and fine wrinkles.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was to determine the distance between IOF and IOM, IOF and pyriform aperture,the presence of accessory foraminae, orientation and location in relation with teeth on both the sides. Materials and Methods: Fifty dried human skulls (100 sides) irrespective of age and sex were used for this study. The distance between the IOF and IOM and the distance between the IOF and pyriform aperture were measured by using manual vernier calliper. The orientation, location in relation with teeth and presence of accessory foramina were observed macroscopically. Observations and Discussion: Accessory foramina may give complications during anaesthetization of this region. The mean distance between the IOF and infraorbital margin was 22.6mm and 15.2mm on the left and right side respectively. Mean distance between I.O.F and pyriform aperture was 26.2mm and 25.8mm on the left and right side respectively. In 30% skulls the IOF were directed vertically downward on the right side and in 38% on the left side. In 66% downward medially on the right side and 56% on the left side and in4% skulls medially on the right side and 6% on the left side. The majority of IOF were oriented to second premolar teeth on the right side and between second premolar and first molar on the left side.Accessory foraminae were found in 6% of skulls. The results of our study may be helpful during surgical procedures in the maxillary region in reduction of Lefort fracture, and giving regional nerve block.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objectives:To study the most precise location, shape and direction of infraorbital foramen in dry human skulls, in relation to Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Aperture(PA) and Upper Alveolar Margin(AM). Method: A total of one hundred dry human skulls of unknown gender were measured using digital calliper with Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Margin and Alveolar Margin as reference points. The location, shape, size, direction and number of accessory foramina were observed. Results: The mean distance between the Infraorbital Margin(IOM) and Infraorbital foramen(IOF) was 7.82mm. There was a statically significant difference on right and left sides. The mean distance between the IOF and the piriform aperture(PA) was 16.01mm. The overall vertical diameter of the IOF was 3.23±0.98mm (right) and 3.25±1.03mm (left ). The overall horizontal diameter of IOF was 3±0.76mm(right) and 3.28±0.99mm ( left).The majority of IOF were directed inferiomedially on both the right (51%) and left (50%) side. There was a superiomedially directed IOF in 1% of skulls, which was not mentioned in the previous literatures. Accessory foramina were found in 20% skulls. Interpretation & Conclusion: Infraorbital foramen is located close to important anatomical structures like orbit, nose, oromaxillary sinuses and upper teeth. The knowledge of anatomical characteristics of the location ,dimension, shapes, directions and number of accessory foramina have clinical implications in the infraorbital nerve block. This information should be kept in mind during local anaesthetic planning for surgeries in the field of Dentistry, ENT, Anaesthesia, Ophthalmology and Surgery.
ABSTRACT
We analyzed the variability in position, shape, size and incidence of the infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls as little literature is available on this foramen in Indians to prevent clinical complications during maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Fifty-five Indian skulls from the Department of Anatomy CSM Medical University were examined. The 110 sides (left and right) of the skulls were analyzed by measuring the infraorbital foramina distances from infraorbital margin and the piriform aperture on both sides. The vertical and horizontal dimensions were also measured. All measurements were taken with a compass transferred to calipers and analyzed statistically. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the infraorbital margin on the right and left side were 6.12 mm and 6.19 mm, respectively. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform aperture were 15.31 mm and 15.80 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean vertical dimensions on the right and left side were 3.39 mm and 3.75 mm, respectively. The mean horizontal dimensions on the two sides were 3.19 mm and 3.52 mm. These results provide detailed knowledge of the anatomical characteristics and clinical importance of the infraorbital foramina which are of paramount importance for surgeons when performing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia.