Informação na judicialização da saúde: o protótipo JUDJe / Information in the judicialization of health: the JUDJe prototype / Información en la judicialización de la salud: el prototipo JUDJe

O fenômeno da judicialização da saúde carece de dados organizados e comparáveis entre estudos sobre o tema. Diversas fontes, recortes prévios e intermediários geram resultados conflitantes e de difícil repro-dução. Esta nota argumenta a necessidade de definir um padrão/elemento comum nos processos judiciais em saúde, propondo o sistema JUDJe, que utiliza o Diário de Justiça Eletrônico para extrair, organizar e classificar esses dados. O JUDJe gerou um banco de dados aberto com 100 mil movimentações processuais sobre casos de câncer. Defende mais qualidade e conexão dos dados, e mais acesso a esses últimos, pro-movendo equidade e visão multidimensional. Propõe a "judicialização 2.0" com dados em rede conectando saúde e direito.

The phenomenon of health judicialisation lacks organised and comparable data between studies on the subject. Different sources, previous and intermediate pieces of information generate conflicting results that are difficult to reproduce. This note argues the need to define a common standard/element in health lawsuits and proposes the JUDJe system, using the online Official Gazette to extract, organize and classify such data. JUDJe generated an open geo-referenced database with 100 thousand legal proceedings on cancer cases. It advocates more quality and connection of data, and more access to them, promoting equity and a multidimensional vision. It proposes a "judicialization 2.0" connecting the health and law domains.

El fenómeno de la judicialización de la salud carece de datos organizables y comparables entre los estudios sobre el tema. Diferentes fuentes, cortes previos y intermedios generan resultados contradictorios y dificiles de reproduzir. Esta nota argumenta la necesidad de definir un elemento común/estándar en los procesos judiciales de salud, proponiendo el sistema JUDJe, que utiliza el Diario Oficial Electrónico de Justicia para extraer, organizar y clasificar esos datos. El JUDJe generó una base de datos abiertos georreferenciada con 100 mil actuaciones judiciales sobre casos de cáncer. Defiende más calidad y conexión de datos, y más acceso a esos últimos, promoviendo la equidad y una visión multidimensional. Propone la "judicialización 2.0" con datos en red que conecten salud y derecho.

Which physical and social characteristics of Brazilian cities contribute to physical activity of adolescents? / Quais características físicas e sociais das cidades brasileiras contribuem para atividade física de adolescentes?

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the association between adolescents' physical activity and the Brazilian capitals' built and social environment. The units of analysis of this ecological study were the 26 capitals and the Federal District, with data from the National Adolescent Health Survey (2012). The outcome variable was the reported regular physical activity (PA) of ninth graders in Brazilian schools. Exposure variables included characteristics of the natural environment, socioeconomic and educational indicators, urban infrastructure, urban violence, and sociocultural factors retrieved from several secondary sources of Brazilian databases. We adopted multiple linear regression to verify the association between PA and exposure variables. The percentage of active adolescents was 33.0% (95%CI: 32.1; 33.9). In the final model, higher PA was associated with lower temperature, higher Primary Education Development Index, the higher percentage of ramps for wheelchair users, and a higher percentage of leisure-time active adults. The data show that climatic and educational factors, the infrastructure, and the social environment of the capitals can contribute to Brazilian adolescents complying with the recommended weekly PA levels.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre atividade física em adolescentes e ambientes construído e social das capitais brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico cujas unidades de análise foram as 26 capitais e o Distrito Federal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Adolescentes (2012). A variável de desfecho foi a prática regular de atividade física (AF) relatada pelos escolares do 9º ano de escolas brasileiras. As variáveis de exposição incluíram características do ambiente natural, indicadores socioeconômicos e educacionais, de infraestrutura, violência urbana e fatores socioculturais, obtidas de diferentes bases de dados de fontes secundárias brasileiras. Adotou-se a regressão linear múltipla para verificar a associação entre AF e variáveis de exposição. O percentual de adolescentes ativos foi de 33,0% (IC95%: 32,1; 33,9). No modelo final, foram associados à maior prática de AF: menor temperatura, maior Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica, maior percentual de rampa para cadeirante e maior percentual de adultos ativos no lazer. Os dados mostram que fatores climáticos e educacionais, a infraestrutura e o ambiente social das capitais podem contribuir para que os adolescentes brasileiros cumpram os níveis semanais recomendados de AF.

Vulnerabilidad de la infraestructura sanitaria en relación a la Covid-19 en el distrito de Castilla-Piura 2021- 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la infraestructura sanitaria: equipos y suministros, ambientes construidos, humanización de la atención y la COVID-19 dentro del Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible en el distrito de Castilla - Piura en el año 2022. Métodos: Adopta el paradigma hermenéutico, con un diseño de tipo transversal, de tipo cualitativo, en base a encuestas aplicadas a una muestra estadística del sector de Castilla; a su vez, se realizaron entrevistas no estructuradas, dirigidas a expertos profesionales de la salud. Resultados: Se observa que el 100% de los hospitales de II y III nivel y centros de salud en Piura, se encuentran en condiciones inadecuadas para lograr la eficiencia y la efectividad en la atención, tanto en infraestructura sanitaria, equipos y suministros, como en los ambientes construidos y humanizados. Conclusión: El estado deficiente de los establecimientos de salud, ha determinado el incremento de casos de COVID-19, durante la pandemia, porque no cuentan con ambientes adecuados para atender diferentes patologías así como por la inadecuada zonificación de las áreas de aislamiento respiratorio y de vectores, las que deben responder a la realidad de esta región; esta situación plantea la necesidad de formular un plan de contingencia regional, la misma que garantice atención prioritaria y de calidad frente a situaciones de emergencia, así como la vivida durante la pandemia.

Objective: The relationship between the sanitary infrastructure, considering three aspects such as: equipment and supplies; built environments; humanization of care against COVID-19 in the district of Castilla - Piura in the year 2022. Methods: It adopts the Hermeneutic paradigm, with a cross-sectional, qualitative design, based on surveys applied to a statistical sample from the Castilla sector, unstructured interviews were conducted, aimed at health professional experts. Results: It is observed that 100% of the II and III level hospitals and health centers in Piura are in inadequate conditions to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in care, both in infrastructure-equipment, in built environment and humanized. Conclusion: The deficient state of health establishments has determined the increase in cases of COVID 19, during the pandemic, because they do not have adequate environments to treat different pathologies, as well as due to inadequate zoning of respiratory and vector isolation areas, those that must respond to the reality of this Region; This situation raises the need to formulate a regional contingency plan, the same one that guarantees priority and quality care in emergency situations, as well as life during the pandemic.

¿El área verde o el humedal afectan el precio de la vivienda, en un sector de Bogotá?

Diferencias en las características de la infraestructura verde pueden variar la relación entre los espacios verdes urbanos y el precio de la vivienda (PV). El objetivo de este estudio es estimar el efecto de la proximidad de áreas verdes con diseño antrópico (AVDA) y de un humedal, sobre los valores del mercado de vivienda. Mediante uso de sistemas de información geográfica se determinó el tamaño de áreas verdes próximas al humedal y otros atributos de localización de las viviendas; los precios de los inmuebles se obtuvieron en el mercado de finca raíz en Bogotá. Con mínimos cuadrados ordinarios se relacionó el PV con atributos ambientales, de localización y socioeconómicos; el Índice de Moran, modelos de contigüidad y error espaciales permitieron analizar la dependencia espacial de los datos. El AVDA y no el humedal, estuvo significativamente asociada con el PV Las regresiones realizadas mostraron la ausencia de dependencia espacial entre los datos, así como una asociación positiva del PV con las AVDA, el área del inmueble y el número de alcobas. Mientras que la edad de las viviendas y la distancia al Comando de Atención Inmediata (CAI) tuvieron una asociación negativa con el PV. Estos resultados muestran que los residentes locales pagan más por vivir cerca a áreas con AVDA y tienen implicaciones para la planificación urbana de estratos socioeconómicos altos. Los valores estimados en este trabajo pueden ser utilizados para alimentar un análisis costo-beneficio en evaluaciones para la construcción, ampliación y rehabilitación de espacios verdes urbanos. Se recomienda realizar un estudio semejante, en vecindarios de menores ingresos económicos que permitan definir también la tipología de AVDA factible de pagar y que al mismo tiempo proporcione servicios ecosistémicos culturales.

Differences in the characteristics of green infrastructure can vary the relationship between urban green spaces and housing prices. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the proximity of anthropically designed green areas and a wetland on housing market values. Using geographic information systems, the size of green areas near the wetland and other attributes of housing location were determined; property prices were obtained from the real estate market in Bogota. Ordinary least squares was used to relate the housing prices to environmental, location and socioeconomic attributes; the Moran Index, contiguity models and spatial error models were used to analyze the spatial dependence of the data. The anthropically designed green areas, and not the wetland, was significantly associated with the housing prices. The regressions performed showed the absence of spatial dependence among the data, as well as a positive association of housing prices with anthropically designed green areas, property area and number of alcoves. While the age of the dwellings and the distance to the Immediate Attention Command had a negative association with housing prices. These results show that local residents pay more to live near areas with anthropically designed green areas and have implications for urban planning for high socioeconomic strata. The values estimated in this work can be used to feed a cost-benefit analysis in evaluations for the construction, expansion, and rehabilitation of urban green spaces. It is recommended that a similar study be conducted in lower income neighborhoods to define the type of anthropically designed green areas that can be afforded and at the same time provide cultural ecosystem services.

As diferenças nas características da infra-estrutura verde podem variar a relação entre o espaço verde urbano e os preços da habitação (PH). O objetivo deste estudo é estimar o efeito da proximidade de áreas verdes antropogenicamente projetadas (AVAP) e de um pântano sobre os valores do mercado imobiliário. Usando sistemas de informação geográfica, foi determinado o tamanho das áreas verdes próximas ao pântano e outros atributos de localização habitacional; os preços dos imóveis foram obtidos do mercado imobiliário em Bogotá. Os mínimos quadrados comuns foram usados para relacionar a PV aos atributos ambientais, de localização e sócio-econômicos; os modelos do Índice Moran, contiguidade e erro espacial foram usados para analisar a dependência espacial dos dados. A AVAP e não a zona úmida, foi significativamente associada à PV. As regressões mostraram a ausência de dependência espacial entre os dados, bem como uma associação positiva de PH com AVAP, área da propriedade e número de alcovas. Enquanto a idade das moradias e a distância até o Comando de Atenção Imediata (CAI) tinham uma associação negativa com o PV Estes resultados mostram que os residentes locais pagam mais para viver perto de áreas com AVAP e têm implicações no planejamento urbano para altos estratos sócio-econômicos. Os valores estimados neste trabalho podem ser usados para alimentar uma análise de custo-benefício em avaliações para a construção, extensão e reabilitação de espaços verdes urbanos. Recomenda-se que seja realizado um estudo semelhante nos bairros de menor renda para também definir o tipo de AVAP que pode ser oferecido ao mesmo tempo em que fornece serviços culturais ecossistêmicos.

AN EVALUATION REPORT ON HOW THE ENVIRONMENT IS EFFECTED BY GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Green infrastructure and urban development go hand in hand. A network of natural and semi-natural areas, such as parks, green roofs, urban forests, and green walls, is referred to as "green infrastructure" and offers numerous environmental, social, and economic advantages. Green infrastructure may improve biodiversity, lessen the effects of urban heat islands, reduce air and water pollution, and give locals more recreational options. On the other side, urban development describes the process of constructing and increasing urban areas to meet changing urban needs and a growing urban population. Depending on the planning and administration of urban infrastructure, urban development can have either beneficial or bad effects on the environment and human health. Urban development that is resilient, sustainable, and egalitarian can be advanced by green infrastructure. Green infrastructure can be included into urban architecture and planning so that communities can: Green infrastructure can help to improve environmental quality by lowering water and air pollutants, reducing the effects of urban heat islands, and boosting biodiversity. This may result in a healthier, more sustainable urban environment and better environmental quality. Green infrastructure may offer citizens recreational activities as well as chances for learning and community involvement, which can improve quality of life. In addition to promoting social cohesiveness and community resilience, this can improve quality of life. Promote economic development: By luring tourists, assisting neighbourhood businesses, and generating employment in the green industry, green infrastructure can help boost regional economies. Overall, there is a strong connection between urban growth and green infrastructure, and including green infrastructure into urban design and planning can support equitable, resilient, and sustainable urban development.

An Inter District Analysis of Public Healthcare Infrastructure Disparities in Assam.

Background: Sufficient and quality healthcare services are basic requirement for overall development of a nation. Public healthcare infrastructure is one of the major determinants of health outcomes in a country, and public healthcare services have a considerable impact on people's health status. The rural population primarily relies on public healthcare services. Assam is not an exception in this regard, where the insufficiency of public healthcare services is still an issue. 86 % of the population of Assam lives in rural areas. Objectives: The present work attempts to study the inter-district variation regarding public health infrastructure in 33 districts of Assam. Methods: The Inter district variation is estimated with a composite index of public health infrastructure. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is adopted to construct a composite index using nine health infrastructure indicators. Results: The study has observed variations in health infrastructure among the various districts of Assam, reflecting the shortage of health infrastructure-physical and human in rural and remote areas of the state. The study finds inter-district variations in the state.

Diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú: estudio preliminar / Situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru: a preliminary study

Objetivo : Describir el diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú evaluadas en el 2019 y 2020. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo del análisis secundario de datos de la evaluación que realizó la Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPS-MR durante los años 2019 y 2020. Las variables fueron: logro en el equipamiento, infraestructura, documentos/herramientas de gestión y manuales y guías de práctica clínica, funciones, recursos humanos, procedimientos y logro total. Cada logro tenía como puntaje mínimo 0% y como puntaje máximo 100%. Además, se realizó un análisis secundario para comparar el logro de las UPS-MR según nivel de categorización y región. Resultados: Catorce UPS-MR fueron incluidas en la investigación. Seis (42,9%) fueron de categoría III-1 y 6 (42,9%) eran de la región Lima. El mayor logro fue en las funciones (74,1%) y el menor logro en los recursos humanos y procedimientos (41,9% y 40,8%). Finalmente, el logro total tuvo una media de 58,3%±14,6%. Conclusiones : Las UPS-MR tienen el mayor logro en las funciones y los menores logros en recursos humanos y procedimientos. El logro total fue alrededor del 50%.

SUMMARY Objective : To describe the situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru from 2019 to 2020. Methods: This a cross-sectional study that included a secondary analysis of an evaluation performed by the Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPMRS from 2019 to 2020. Variables included in the analyses were achievement of infrastructure, equipment, documents of administration, guidelines of clinical practice, human resources and total achievement. The minimal score per achievement was 0% and the maximum was 100%. Achievements stratified by region and categorization were made. Results: Fourteen PMRS were included; six (42.9%) were category III-1 and six (42.9%) were from Lima Region. Best achievement was in functions (74.1%) and worst was in human resources and procedures (41.9% and 40.8%, respectively). Finally, total achievement had a mean score of 58.3%±14.6%. Conclusions: UPMRS had better achievements in functions and worse in human resources and procedures, total achievement was 50%.

Infectious human diseases: Regions, habitats, threats, and mitigation strategies: The issues—Part II

Globally, vaccines against 47 infectious etiologic agents are approved by at least one regulatory authority as of December 2022. The numbers of viral diseases, infections caused by mycoplasma, bacterial and protozoal diseases, mycoses, diseases caused by parasitic worms, and other infectious diseases of unknown etiology run into thousands. Therefore, more vaccines are required to be developed to keep more populations disease free. Climate change and global increase in temperature may promote sea level rises and an increase in the intensity of rains, causing an upsurge in certain infectious diseases in regions of the human population and even causing movement of habitats. In societies where the expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product is higher, people are more capacitated to tackle the treatment and spread of infectious diseases. As several of such conditions are zoonotic, well-planned strategies for controlling the spread would go a long way in the proper direction. Poverty and contagious diseases are infallibly linked. Major infectious diseases of poverty include tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria, measles, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, and several neglected tropical diseases. The world is not yet unified in action to jointly work to contain the global problem of infectious diseases in every human habitat. There was a visible divide between and among the rich countries versus the developing countries regarding accessibility and deployment of vaccines against COVID-19 flu. To contain the spread of infectious diseases in the future, the whole world would have to work together, raising funds, strengthening epidemiological surveys, inventing effective vaccines, and vaccinating the eligible population, as also treating the infected with therapy in time, besides resorting to other preventive measures for overall human progress. The developmental efforts are to be pursued jointly and together to benefit all people, respecting the world as one.

Exploration and practice of research-based audit in the management of multi-campus infrastructure projects in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Internal auditing for infrastructure projects carried at multi-campuses of a hospital to support hospital strategic growth, is a crucial means in raising the business performance and capacity. A public hospital made a research-based audit to examine infrastructure projects across multi-campuses since 2021. At the pre-trial stage, the audit plan was created in a " two-coordination" manner to define the scope of authority and responsibility of audit objectives; at the in-trial stage, audit priorities were focused on in advance through intelligent early warning, and full-course audit guidance and quality control was made through online real-time audit operation system; at the post-trial stage, efforts were focused on resolving problems, summarizing audit findings. The authors introduced the practice of the hospital and further explained the specific application methods and achievements through case analysis, providing reference for internal audit of infrastructure projects in multi-campus hospitals, for reference in likewise internal auditing.

Assessement of the quality of bicycle paths and its correlation with bicycle use in florianópolis / Análise da qualidade das ciclovias e sua relação com o uso de bicicleta em florianópolis

ABSTRACT Bicycle paths are important infrastructures in the cities to promote active commuting. Thus, understanding the information inherent to their quality might help to understand their effects on human behavior. This study aimed at assessing the quality of the bike paths in the city of Florianopolisl by using the QualiCicle instrument. SOPARC tool was used to verify the use profile. A total of 38 cycling axes with a length of 54 km were selected. The qualitative analysis was classified as sufficient, with an overall average of 1.61 points. A total of 6,113 cyclists were observed; the majority was adult men who used to cycle in moderate intensity. Better-quality bike paths had a greater number of cyclists (50.5%). The logistic regression analyzes showed that young people are less likely to use cycle paths classified as 'good' ones (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.67). Considering per category, there is a greater chance of women to use bike paths with a 'good/excellent' infrastructure quality, and a 'sufficient' and 'good/excellent' signalization. It is concluded that Florianopolis has an adequate bikeway network; however, the infrastructure distribution and the cycle path connections are irregular along the city regions. A better quality of the cycling infrastructures can promote greater use by women and the elderly, groups that perform less physical activity.

RESUMO Ciclovias são estruturas importantes nas cidades para promover o deslocamento ativo. Assim, compreender as informações inerentes à sua qualidade pode auxiliar na compreensão de seus efeitos sobre o comportamento humano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das ciclovias de Florianópolis por meio do instrumento QualiCiclo. O instrumento SOPARC foi utilizado para verificar o perfil de uso. Foram selecionados ao todo 38 eixos de ciclovias com 54 km de extensão, sendo a análise qualitativa classificada como suficiente, com média geral de 1,61 pontos. Foram observados 6.113 ciclistas dos quais a Mayria eram homens, adultos e em intensidade moderada. As ciclovias de melhor qualidade possuem Mayr número de ciclistas (50,5%). As análises de regressão logística mostraram que, usualmente, jovens possuem menos chance de utilizarem as ciclovias classificadas como "boa" (OR:0,40; IC95%: 0,24-0,67). Quando observado por categoria, há uma Mayr chance de mulheres utilizarem os eixos de ciclovia que possuem "boa/ótima" qualidade de infraestrutura e "suficiente" e "boa/ótima" qualidade de sinalização. Conclui-se que Florianópolis possui uma rede de ciclovias adequada, contudo, a distribuição das estruturas e conexão de ciclovia é irregular entre as regiões da cidade. Uma Mayr qualidade da infraestrutura cicloviária pode promover Mayr uso por mulheres e idosos, grupos que menos realizam atividade física.

Factores asociados a la satisfacción estudiantil con docentes, infraestructura e investigación en escuelas médicas latinoamericanas

Introducción: La satisfacción estudiantil con los programas académicos es importante en la educación médica, para crear futuros galenos competentes. No hay estudios latinoamericanos multicéntricos que determinen sus factores asociados, pare mejorar el currículo médico. Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje y factores asociados a la satisfacción estudiantil con docentes, infraestructura e investigación en 9 escuelas médicas latinoamericanas. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo de datos secundarios obtenidos mediante cuestionario administrado a estudiantes de medicina de 9 universidades latinoamericanas; indagó variables socioeducativas y la satisfacción estudiantil respecto a docentes, infraestructura e investigación de las universidades. Para el análisis se usaron modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: De 2 649 encuestados, 57 % eran mujeres con mediana de 22 años. Menos del 50 % estuvo satisfecho con infraestructura e investigación; solo frente a docencia hubo 66 % de satisfacción; Colombia fue el de mayor satisfacción con los docentes, con 82 % de encuestados satisfechos, mientras que Chile fue el país más satisfecho respecto a la infraestructura e investigación universitaria, con 67 % y 68 %, respectivamente. Estudiar en universidad privada se asoció a satisfacción con docentes (p= 0,002), infraestructura (p= 0,001) e investigación (p= 0,018), esta última mayor en mujeres (p= 0,033), pero menor en quienes sentían que les alcanzaba el dinero del mes (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: La satisfacción médico-estudiantil en universidades latinoamericanas tiende hacia la baja, están más satisfechos los de universidades privadas, tienen mayor satisfacción frente a la investigación las mujeres y menor quienes sienten que les alcanza el dinero hasta fin de mes.

Introduction: Student satisfaction with academic programs is important in medical education to create future competent doctors. There are not multicenter Latin American studies that determine its factors related, to improve medical curricula. Objective: To determine the percentage and factors associated with student satisfaction with teachers, infrastructure, and research in 9 Latin American medical schools. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of secondary data obtained through an administered questionnaire to medical students from 9 Latin American universities between 2016-2017, which inquired about socio-educational variables and student satisfaction regarding teachers, infrastructure, and university research. Generalized Linear Models-GLM was used for the analysis. Results: Of 2 649 surveyed, 57% were women, the median was 22 years. Less than 50% were satisfied with infrastructure and research, only compared to teaching there was 66% satisfaction, Colombia ranking as the one with the highest satisfaction with teachers, with 82% of satisfied respondents, while Chile was the most satisfied country regarding infrastructure and university research with 67% and 68%, respectively. Studying at a private university was associated with teacher satisfaction (p= 0.002), infrastructure (p= 0.001) and research (p= 0.018), the latter was higher in women (p= 0.033), but lower in those who felt that the money of the month was reaching them (p= 0.001). Conclusions: Medical-student satisfaction with Latin American universities is tending downward, with those studying at private universities being more satisfied, women having greater satisfaction with research and less for those who feel that they have enough money until the end of the month.

O drama dos artistas na pandemia brasileira / The drama of artists in the Brazilian pandemic

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os dramas experenciados por artistas brasileiros durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19. A investigação integra um dos eixos de uma pesquisa mais ampla, acerca dos impactos sociais da pandemia no Brasil. Inicialmente, argumenta-se que a pandemia é um evento crítico com múltiplas escalas, que impacta de modos desiguais as populações, como é o caso dos profissionais do mundo artístico, em si mesmo um campo heterodoxo em termos de especialidades, remuneração, que já vinha sofrendo com os impactos da redução de investimentos em políticas públicas na área cultural desde meados da década de 2010. Tendo em vista as medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia, dentre as quais a restrição às aglomerações, os eventos artísticos foram interditos e os profissionais impossibilitados de atuar de maneira convencional, gerando problemas de ordem econômica e sofrimento psíquico. O artigo explora o relato dramático de alguns desses profissionais, destacando as estratégias adotadas para fazer frente à crise decorrente da impossibilidade de atuação, da escassez de políticas públicas para o setor e o desdém às artes e à cultura por parte da elite política e econômica nacional. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com artistas cênicos, músicos e DJs entre os meses de agosto e dezembro de 2020.

Abstract This paper aims to present the dramas experienced by Brazilian artists during the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation is nested in one of the axes of broader research on the social impacts of the pandemic in Brazil. Initially, we argue that a pandemic is a critical event with multiple scales, which affects populations unevenly, as is the case of art world professionals, an unorthodox field in terms of specialties and remuneration, which was already suffering from the impacts of reduced investments in public policies in the cultural sector since the mid-2010s. Given the measures to face the pandemic, among which are restrictions on gatherings, artistic events were prohibited, and professionals could not act conventionally, generating economic problems and psychological distress. This paper explores the dramatic report of some of these professionals, highlighting the strategies adopted to cope with the crisis due to the impossibility of performing, the scarcity of public policies for the sector, and the national political and economic elite disdain for the arts and culture. In-depth interviews were conducted with scenic artists, musicians, and DJs from August to December 2020.

Mapeamento dos espaços e equipamentos públicos de lazer e esporte disponíveis em Ouro Preto (MG) e seus distritos / Mapping of spaces and public leisure and sport equipment available in Ouro Preto (MG) and its districts

O presente estudo advém de uma parceria entre o poder público municipal e a universidade pública, cujo objetivo foi diagnosticar os equipamentos públicos de esporte e lazer em Ouro Preto e seus distritos. Com caráter de estudo descritivo exploratório, a metodologia proposta foi a utilização de um formulário de observação adaptado do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Lazer, Espaço e Cidade (GEPLEC) para a classificação dos espaços quanto às condições de manutenção, acessibilidade, mobiliário e vocação. Os dados possibilitaram a criação de fichas catalográficas que sistematizam a avaliação e a classificação de cada um dos 183 equipamentos analisados. Identificou-se a prevalência de estruturas do tipo como Academias ao Ar Livre, Quadras Poliesportivas e Campos de Futebol, bem como a concentração de equipamentos na região central da cidade e dos distritos, limitando o acesso por parte da população.

This study comes from a partnership between the municipal government and the public university, whose objective was to diagnose the public sports and leisure equipment in Ouro Preto and its districts. With an exploratory descriptive study character, the proposed methodology was the use of an observation form adapted from the Study and Research Group on Leisure, Space and City (GEPLEC) for the classification of spaces regarding maintenance conditions, accessibility, furniture and vocation. The data allowed the creation of catalographic records that systematize the evaluation and classification of each of the 183 equipment analyzed. The prevalence of such structures as Outdoor Academies, Sports Courts and Soccer Fields was identified, as well as the concentration of equipment in the central region of the city and districts, limiting access by the population.

Infectious human diseases: Regions, habitats, threats, and mitigation strategies: The actors—Part I

Infectious diseases are a significant burden on the global economy and public health. The major factors attributed to the rise in infectious diseases are thought to be the unstructured rise in the human population with expanding poverty, unplanned urbanization, fast urban migration, unplanned human habitats in thickly populated urban pockets that are the residence of poor people, insufficient healthcare infrastructure, inadequate vaccination, and neglect in effectively containing the zoonotic diseases, among others. Certain global regions such as China, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Indonesia among the other Asian countries, sections of South America, and vast parts of Sub-Saharan Africa harbor more infectious human diseases. To contain the infectious disease burden, the health infrastructure especially in poor countries needs to be improved. With the assistance of rich countries monetarily as well as technologically, the situation can be improved. International institutions and large philanthropic organizations are working to improve human health globally. More monetary assistance to these organizations would positively contribute to the cause and would go a long way in diffusing the infectious agents.

Does Health Financial Resource Correlate with Physical Health Infrastructure?

Background: Is building physical health infrastructure (PHI) a priority for state governments within the northeastern states (NES) of India? The decentralization mechanism initiated by the government of India to synergize health care across states seems highly unequal. Certain Indian states such as Kerala, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh have achieved phenomenal progress in the health-care system through a decentralized mechanism. Objectives: The study attempts to examine the PHI of NES and public health resources. Methods: The study has employed the Euclidian Distant Method (EDM) which fulfills various compulsive and instinctive properties; specifically, normalization, symmetry, monotonicity, proximity, uniformity, and signaling inclusively. This method ranks the states in terms of infrastructure availability and public health resources. Second, the correlation was done to see the relationship between the PHI of NES and public health resources. Results: The results of the EDM? show that Arunachal Pradesh ranked the highest in the Index of Public Health Infrastructure, whereas Assam ranked the lowest. The Index of Public Health Resource shows interesting results. Assam has remained at the lowest rank and inconsistency of ranks among the other NES. The correlation between the indices is positive, yet not encouraging. Conclusion: This implies that building up health infrastructure and responding to the demand for health-care infrastructure still stands ignored and rather remained stagnant.

La COVID-19 y sus repercusiones en la práctica odontológica / COVID-19 and their repercussions on dental practice

La llegada del COVID-19 generó diversos cambios significativos en el área de la salud y particularmente en el área odontológica, donde se priorizaron los tratamientos de urgencia relegando los procedimientos menores y atención de citas a la vía virtual. Otras modificaciones se concentraron en el uso de equipos de protección personal y logística de atención tanto para el paciente como para el profesional, siguiendo las indicaciones de las normas diseñadas para esta función; adicionalmente se hicieron adecuaciones en las áreas de recepción y práctica odontológica, y se capacitó a los profesionales en temas relativos a la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las implicaciones generadas en la práctica odontológica durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en los ámbitos de triaje, infraestructura, normativa y capacitación (AU)

The arrival of COVID-19 produced a series of significant changes in the health area and particularly in the dental area where emergency treatments were prioritized, relegating minor procedures and appointment care to the virtual route, other modifications focused on the use of personal protective equipment and care logistics for both the patient and the professional following the indications of the standards designed for this function, additionally adjustments were made in the reception and dental practice areas, and professionals were trained on issues related to the disease. The objective of this article is to analyze the implications generated in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in the areas of triage, infrastructure, regulations and training (AU)

Atração de investimentos privados para a infraestrutura no Brasil / Atraer inversión privada para infraestructura en Brasil / Attracting private investments for infrastructure in Brazil

Resumo Este estudo busca identificar as principais motivações e barreiras para a atração de investimentos do mercado de capitais para o setor de infraestrutura no Brasil. Entre os resultados da pesquisa, verificou-se que os incentivos variam conforme o tipo de investidor. Pessoas físicas são fortemente atraídas pela isenção fiscal prevista na Lei nº 12.431/2011, para a compra de debêntures incentivadas, e hoje representam um dos principais investidores em infraestrutura no país. Já fundos de pensão domésticos não são incentivados pela isenção da lei - seus investimentos são isentos de Imposto de Renda - e consideram baixo o spread pago pelos emissores das debêntures incentivadas. Investidores estrangeiros avaliam como desfavorável o ambiente de investimentos no país, em função de fatores como a alta volatilidade cambial e a instabilidade política. Conclui-se, portanto, que, para suprir a lacuna de investimentos em infraestrutura, há a necessidade de reformas institucionais mais amplas para atrair investidores de longo prazo. A certificação verde de projetos de infraestrutura representa outra estratégia interessante para a atração de investimentos, sobretudo estrangeiros.

Resumen Este estudio buscó identificar las principales motivaciones y barreras para atraer inversiones del mercado de capitales al sector de infraestructura en Brasil. Entre los resultados de la investigación se encontró que los incentivos varían según el tipo de inversionista. Los inversionistas individuales son fuertemente atraídos por la exención de impuestos prevista en la Ley nº 12.431/2011 para la compra de debentures incentivados y hoy representan uno de los principales inversionistas en infraestructura del país. Los fondos de pensiones nacionales, por su parte, no están incentivados por la exención de la ley (sus inversiones están exentas del Impuesto a la Renta) y consideran bajo el margen pagado por los emisores de debentures incentivados. Los inversionistas extranjeros consideran que el ambiente de inversión en el país es desfavorable, debido a factores como la alta volatilidad del tipo de cambio y la inestabilidad política. Por lo tanto, se concluye que, para llenar el vacío de inversiones en infraestructura, se necesitan reformas institucionales más amplias para atraer inversores a largo plazo. La certificación verde de proyectos de infraestructura representa otra estrategia interesante para atraer inversiones, especialmente extranjeras.

Abstract This study sought to identify the main drivers of and barriers to attracting capital market investments to the infrastructure sector in Brazil. The research findings indicate that the incentives vary according to the type of investor. Individual investors are strongly attracted by the tax exemption provided for in Statute 1,2431/2011 to purchase incentivized debentures, and, today, they represent one of the main investors in infrastructure in the country. On the other hand, domestic pension funds have no incentives based on this piece of legislation (their investments are exempt from income tax). For these pension funds, the spread paid by the issuers of incentivized debentures is low. Foreign investors consider the investment environment in the country to be unfavorable due to factors such as high exchange rate volatility and political instability. Therefore, broader institutional reforms are needed to fill the gap in infrastructure investments and attract long-term investors. Green certification of infrastructure projects represents another interesting strategy for attracting investments, especially foreign investors.

O financiamento da infraestrutura urbana de esporte no Brasil: fontes, magnitude e direcionamento do orçamento federal de 2004 a 2019 / Financing urban sports infrastructure in Brazil: sources, magnitude and direction of the federal budget from 2004 to 2019

O objetivo desta investigação científica foi analisar o financiamento e gasto do orçamento público federal com a infraestrutura urbana de esporte de 2004 a 2019. O estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, de cunho quantiqualitativo, desenvolvida a partir de levantamento documental no Siga Brasil, tendo sido os dados analisados a partir dos indicadores "fontes de financiamento", "magnitude" e "direção do gasto". A maioria dos recursos para infraestrutura de esporte foi proveniente do Ministério do Esporte/Secretaria Especial do Esporte e de recursos ordinários advindos de emendas parlamentares. Ao longo do tempo oscilaram bastante os referidos gastos, tendo eles sofrido contingenciamentos. O direcionamento dos recursos se deu, principalmente, com grandes eventos esportivos e esteve concentrado na região Sudeste.

The objective of this scientific investigation was to analyze the financing and expenditure of the federal public budget on urban sports infrastructure from 2004 to 2019. The study is characterized as descriptive-exploratory research, with a quantitative and qualitative nature, developed from a survey document in Siga Brasil, the data having been analyzed based on indicators of funding sources, magnitude and direction of expenditure. Most of the resources for sports infrastructure came from the Ministério do Esporte/Secretaria Especial do Esporte and from ordinary resources arising from parliamentary amendments. Over time, these expenses fluctuated a lot, having suffered restrictions. The allocation of resources took place, mainly, with major sporting events and were concentrated in the Southeast region.

Operation of research ethics committees in Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Mexico: Mesoamerican Project / Funcionamiento de los comités de ética en investigación en Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala y México: Proyecto Mesoamericano

Abstract: Objective: To attain a better understanding of the structure and processes of Research Ethics Committees (REC) in the low-and middle-income countries of the Mesoamerican region. The objectives are knowing the operational practices of the RECs regarding project evaluation, training needs, and infrastructure. Materials and methods: The REC training and needs assessment involved an online survey of all the RECs (n=55) identified in Colombia (n=11), Costa Rica (n=5), Guatemala (n=5), and Mexico (n=34). Results: Participants reported inadequate infrastructure for its proper operation (only 49.1 %, or 27/55, have an exclusive office to safeguard files); insufficient administrative staff (47.3%, 26/55), or financial resources to conduct active site monitoring (85.6%, 47/55) to ensure the protection of rights and welfare of study participants. Conclusions: Investments in REC member training and infrastructure are needed to ensure compliance of REC evaluations with the standards for ethical conduct of research.

Resumen: Objetivo: Comprender la estructura y procesos de los Comités de Ética en Investigación (CEI) en países mesoamericanos de ingresos bajos y medios. Conocer las prácticas operativas en evaluación de proyectos, necesidades de capacitación e infraestructura. Material y métodos: Encuesta en línea para evaluar necesidades de capacitación de los CEI (n=55) identificados en Colombia (n=11), Costa Rica (n=5), Guatemala (n=5) y México (n=34). Resultados: Los participantes reportaron una infraestructura inadecuada para su correcto funcionamiento (oficina exclusiva para archivos 49.1%, 27/55); personal administrativo insuficiente (47.3%, 26/55), recursos financieros insuficientes para monitoreo del sitio (85.6%, 47/55), para garantizar protección de derechos y bienestar de los participantes. Conclusiones: Se necesita invertir en capacitación de los miembros e infraestructura del CEI, para garantizar la conducción ética de la investigación.

Situação programática na perspectiva da vulnerabilidade em saúde: validação de banco de itens / Situación programática desde la perspectiva de la vulnerabilidad en salud: validación del banco de ítems / Programmatic situation from the perspective of health vulnerability: Item database validation

RESUMO Objetivo Validar banco de itens para avaliação da situação programática na perspectiva da vulnerabilidade em saúde. Método Estudo de validação realizado em 2021. Construíram-se duas scoping reviews para identificar definições operacionais e, após, realizaram-se reuniões com os autores para formular itens. Em seguimento, enviaram-se os itens via Google Forms para especialistas com expertise na área de vulnerabilidade em saúde ou construção e validação de instrumentos. Para validar os itens, utilizou-se coeficiente de validade de conteúdo, teste binomial, além do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para verificar confiabilidade, todos via SPSS® versão 25. Resultados Sete especialistas retornaram com avaliações dos itens nos critérios clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica. Dos 88 itens organizados nos subconceitos infraestrutura e processo de trabalho, a maior parte foi modificada por sugestão dos especialistas e teve coeficiente de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,80. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi 0,80 para clareza, 0,94 para pertinência e 0,92 para relevância (p < 0,05). Dois itens foram excluídos após reunião dos autores para consenso sobre os itens do banco final e dez foram mesclados. Conclusão e implicação para prática: O banco de itens foi validado internamente e houve boa confiabilidade entre os juízes, possibilitando o uso por profissionais da saúde para investigar a vulnerabilidade.

RESUMEN Objetivo Validar una base de datos de ítems para evaluar la situación programática de vulnerabilidad en salud. Método Estudio de validación realizado en 2021. Se construyeron dos revisiones de alcance para identificar definiciones operativas y, posteriormente, se realizaron reuniones con los autores para la formulación de ítems. Como seguimiento, los ítems se enviaron a través de formularios de google a especialistas con experiencia en el área de vulnerabilidad en salud o construcción y validación de instrumentos. Para validar los ítems utilizamos el coeficiente de validez de contenido, prueba binomial, además del coeficiente de correlación intraclase para verificar la confiabilidad, todo a través de SPSS® versión 25. Resultados Siete expertos regresaron con evaluaciones de ítems en los criterios claridad de lenguaje, relevancia práctica y relevancia teórica. De los 88 ítems organizados en los subconceptos de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo, la mayoría fueron modificados por sugerencia de expertos y tuvieron un coeficiente de validez de contenido superior a 0,80. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue 0,80 para claridad, 0,94 para pertinencia y 0,92 para relevancia (p < 0,05). Se excluyeron dos elementos después de la reunión de los autores para el consenso sobre los elementos finales de la base de datos y diez se fusionaron. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Los ítems fueron validados internamente y hubo una buena fiabilidad entre los jueces, lo que permitió su uso por parte de los profesionales de la salud para investigar la vulnerabilidad.

ABSTRACT Objective To validate an item database to assess the programmatic situation of health vulnerability. Method A validation study carried out in 2021. Two scoping reviews were elaborated to identify operational definitions and, afterwards, meetings were held with the authors to formulate items. As a follow-up, the items were sent via Google Forms to specialists with expertise in the areas of health vulnerability or construction and validation of instruments. To validate the items, we used the content validity coefficient and binomial test, in addition to the intraclass correlation coefficient to verify reliability, all via SPSS® version 25. Results Seven experts answered with item evaluations in the language clarity, practical relevance and theoretical relevance criteria. Of the 88 items organized in the infrastructure and work process sub-concepts, most were modified following the experts' suggestions and had content validity coefficients greater than 0.80. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.80 for clarity, 0.94 for relevance, and 0.92 for relevance (p < 0.05). Two items were excluded after the authors' meeting for consensus on the final item database and ten were merged. Conclusion and implications for the practice The items were internally validated and there was good reliability among the judges, enabling their use by health professionals to investigate vulnerability.