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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1283651

ABSTRACT

This study presents analyses on the chemistry, biology, pharmacology and chromatography of essential oils extracted from three species of the Ocotea genus: O. minor, O. ceanothifolia and O. leucoxylon. Leaves and stems, as well as the bark of O. minor, were processed using a modified Clevenger apparatus. Seven essential oils were obtained and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS, and their chemical compositions were determined. Assays of cytotoxicity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, as well as tyrosinase and elastase inhibition were performed. In total, 25 constituents were identified, the principal being sesquiterpenes, such as spathulenol caryophyllene and its oxide. The oils did not present cytotoxicity using a hemolytic model, but also did not show antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. Essential oil from stems of O. ceanothifolia, rich in spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, demonstrated the capacity to inhibit 49.08% of tyrosinase activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. This research contributes to the chemical profile analysis of the three species of Ocoteathrough chemical investigations and biological activity, which are reported for the first time here in this study.


Este trabajo realiza un estudio químico, biológico, farmacológico y cromatográfico de aceites esenciales extraídos de tres especies del género Ocotea: O. minor, O. ceanothifoliay O. leucoxylon. Las hojas y tallos, así como la corteza de O. minor, se procesaron utilizando un aparato Clevenger modificado. Se obtuvieron siete aceites esenciales y se analizaron usando GC-FID y GC-MS, y se determinaron sus composiciones químicas. Se realizaron ensayos de citotoxicidad, actividad antioxidante y de atrapamiento de radicales libres, así como inhibición de tirosinasa y elastasa. En total, se identificaron 25 componentes, siendo los principales sesquiterpenos, como el spathulenol cariofileno y su óxido. Los aceites no presentaron citotoxicidad en un modelo hemolítico y tampoco mostraron actividad antioxidante en el ensayo con DPPH. El aceite esencial de tallos de O. ceanothifolia, rico en espatulenol y óxido de cariofileno, mostró capacidad para inhibir el 49.08% de la actividad de tirosinasa a una concentración de 100 µg/mL. Esta investigación contribuye al análisis del perfil químico de las tres especies de Ocotea a través de investigaciones químicas y actividad biológica la cual se informan por primera vez.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Ocotea/chemistry , Oxides/analysis , Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers , Lauraceae/chemistry , Cosmetic Industry , Flame Ionization , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 13(5): 488-497, sept.2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-786495

ABSTRACT

Chemical compositions of P. stylosum and P. ribesioides essential oils, and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibition activities were determined. GC and GC–MS analysis of essential oils from leaves and stems of P. stylosum resulted in the identification of 50 (89.2 percent) and 45 (88.8 percent) components, respectively. The major components were aromadendrene (leaves 26.6 percent; stems 18.8 percent), sabinene (leaves 13.8 percent; stems 6.7 percent) and beta-caryophyllene (leaves 11.5 percent; stems 17.9 percent). A total of 60 (87.0 percent) and 39 (82.9 percent) components were identified from leaves and stems of P. ribesioides, respectively. The most abundant components were beta-caryophyllene (leaves 20.0 percent; stems 14.4 percent), camphene (leaves 16.3 percent; stems 12.3 percent) and delta-cadinene (leaves 4.4 percent; stems 7.8 percent). Antioxidant activity using DPPH and total phenolic content were tested for essential oils. However, the essential oils showed low antioxidant activity and phenolic content, compared to BHT. Studies of tyrosinase inhibition showed that the essential oils of P. ribesioides leaves had the highest inhibition (30.0 percent), although were lower than the control (kojic acid 81.8 percent). The evaluation of antimicrobial activities revealed that P. ribesioides essential oils showed strong activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, both with MIC value 62.5 micrograms/mL.


Se determinaron las composiciones químicas, las actividades antioxidante y antimicrobiana, y el contenido total de fenoles de los aceites esenciales de P. stylosum y P. ribesioides. El análisis GC y GC-MS de los aceites esenciaales de hojas y tallos de P. stylosum permitió la identificación de 50 (89.2 por ciento) y 45 (88.8 por ciento) de components, respectivamente. Los principales componentes fueron aromadendreno (hojas 26.6 por ciento; tallos 18.8 por ciento), sabineno (hojas 13.8 por ciento; tallos 6.7 por ciento) y beta-cariofileno (hoja 11.5 por ciento; tallo 17.9 por ciento). Se identificaron 60 (87.0 por ciento) y 39 (82.9 por ciento) components en los aceites esenciales de hojas y tallos de P. ribesioides. Los componentes más abundantes fueron beta-cariofileno (hojas 20.0 por ciento; tallos 14.4 por ciento), canfeno (hojas 16.3 por ciento; tallos 12.3 por ciento) y delta-cadineno (hojas 4.4 por ciento; tallos 7.8 por ciento). Los aceites esenciales se ensayaron para determinar sus actividades antioxidantes con DPPH y el contenido de fenoles totales. Para los aceites esenciales obtenidos se determinaron valores bajos en la actividad antioxidante con DPPH y el contenido total de fenoles, en comparación con BHT. Sin embargo, los ensayos de inhibición de tirosinasa most raron que el aceite esencial de las hojas de P. ribesioides presento la mayor inhibición (30.0 por ciento), aunque mas baja que el compuesto control (Àcido Kójico, 81.8 por ciento). Para el aceite esencial de P. ribesioides se determinó una MIC 62.5 mg/mL contra Bacillus cereus y Staphylococcus aureus.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Piper/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacillus cereus , Free Radical Scavengers , Phenols/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Staphylococcus aureus , Plant Stems/chemistry
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