Procedimiento de evaluación de la fase inicial del tiro libre del baloncesto

El procedimiento que se presenta se elaboró con el objetivo de determinar indicadores para la evaluación de la fase inicial del tiro libre del baloncesto, en la categoría 9-10 años. En la confección del mismo, se tuvieron en cuenta los bajos porcientos de efectividad tanto en intentados y anotados, como las deficiencias en la ejecución obtenidas en el estudio preliminar, realizado a 120 niños de la zona occidental, con un dominio de solo el 25 % de los aspectos biomecánicos a alcanzar, en el proceso de enseñanza; ello constituyó una de las principales motivaciones para la confección del procedimiento evaluativo. El análisis documental, la observación a través de guías estructuradas y las técnicas de videografía, así como la entrevista, permitieron detectar las insuficiencias en la evaluación de la ejecución del tiro libre en la iniciación deportiva. En el trabajo, se realizó la valoración, mediante criterio de especialistas y criterio de usuarios, y deja abierto un espacio para ampliar acciones de orden metodológico y de carácter científico, técnico, fisiológico, teórico y psicológico que sirvan al desarrollo de los profesores y entrenadores de base.

O procedimento apresentado foi elaborado com o objetivo de determinar indicadores para a avaliação da fase inicial do lance livre no basquetebol, na categoria de 9 a 10 anos de idade. Em sua elaboração, foram levados em conta os baixos percentuais de eficácia tanto nos arremessos tentados como nos arremessos marcados, bem como as deficiências na execução obtidas no estudo preliminar, realizado em 120 crianças da zona oeste, com um domínio de apenas 25% dos aspectos biomecânicos a serem alcançados no processo de ensino; isso constituiu uma das principais motivações para a elaboração do procedimento de avaliação. A análise documental, a observação por meio de guias estruturados e técnicas de videografia, bem como a entrevista, permitiram detectar as insuficiências na avaliação da execução do lance livre na iniciação esportiva. No trabalho, a avaliação foi realizada por meio de critérios de especialistas e critérios de usuários, e deixa um espaço aberto para ampliar ações de ordem metodológica e de natureza científica, técnica, fisiológica, teórica e psicológica que sirvam ao desenvolvimento de professores e treinadores de base.

The procedure presented was developed with the objective of determining indicators for the evaluation of the initial phase of the basketball free throw, in the 9-10-year-old category. In its preparation, the low percentages of effectiveness in both attempted and scored were taken into account, as well as the deficiencies in execution obtained in the preliminary study, carried out on 120 children from the western zone, with a mastery of only 25% of the biomechanical aspects to be achieved in the teaching process; this constituted one of the main motivations for the preparation of the evaluation procedure. The documentary analysis, observation through structured guides and videography techniques, as well as the interview, made it possible to detect insufficiencies in the evaluation of the execution of the free throw in sports initiation. In the work, the assessment was carried out, through the criteria of specialists and the criteria of users, and leaves open a space to expand actions of a methodological order and of a scientific, technical, physiological, theoretical and psychological nature that serve the development of teachers and coaches. base.

Two-year follow-up of the outcomes of endoscope-assisted minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy for deep intrabony defects / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the clinical efficacy and imaging changes of minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy (MINST) assisted by endoscopy for deep intrabony defects and to compare its effectiveness with that of traditional scaling and root planning (SRP) to therefore provide a reference for clinical periodontal treatment.@*Methods@#Patients with deep intrabony defects ≥ 4 mm in size were selected and divided into two groups: the MINST (MINST, 20 cases, 81 sites) group and the classic scaling and root planing (SRP, 20 cases, 80 sites) group. Before treatment and 12 and 24 months after treatment, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were examined. Moreover, changes in the depth and angle of the intrabony defects were analyzed. Follow-up examination and maintenance treatment should be conducted every 3 months for 12 months after the initial treatment and every 6 months thereafter until 24 months.@*Results@#The PD and CAL of patients in both groups continued to decrease (P<0.001), and imaging examinations revealed a decrease in defect depth and an increase in intrabony defect angle (P<0.001). The changes in the first 12 months were significantly greater than those in the last 12 months in both groups (P<0.001). The decreases in PD, CAL, and depth of intrabony defects and increase in angle in the MINST group were significantly greater than those in the SRP group (P<0.001). At 12 and 24 months after treatment, the PD and CAL in the MINST group were lower than those in the SRP group (P<0.001). The defect height of the MINST group decreased more than that of the SRP group (P<0.001), and the defect angle of the MINST group increased more than that of the SRP group (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy can significantly promote the healing of deep intrabony defects and the regeneration of alveolar bone. Imaging reflects that alveolar bone healing is rapid at first and then slows. Compared with traditional SRP, endoscopically assisted MINST can yield better clinical indicators and imaging changes in intrabony defects.

Metodología para el desarrollo de las cualidades coordinativas básicas, en la Educación Física del nivel inicial 2

El profesional de cultura física contribuye, con aportes importantes, al perfeccionamiento de los programas; aplica a la educación el ejercicio físico desde las primeras edades y favorece la formación integral. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar una metodología para el desarrollo de las cualidades coordinativas básicas en la Educación Física del nivel inicial 2. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de diseño preexperimental de control mínimo, con dos años de duración (2020-2021). La muestra seleccionada respondió a un muestreo intencional estratificado, no probabilístico. Se emplearon métodos de los niveles teórico y empírico, tales como: análisis y síntesis, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural funcional, medición, experimento, criterio de expertos y estadística descriptiva, así como técnicas de investigación entre los que destacan, análisis documental, observación estructurada, entrevista y encuesta. La metodología se realizó mediante la implementación de ejercicios físicos. Participaron 229 niños del nivel inicial 2; a partir del diagnóstico realizado se determinó que el equilibrio dinámico (46,3 %) y la coordinación dinámica general (43,7%) fueron evaluados de regular, además de dificultades en todos los patrones de movimiento, la motricidad gruesa, la fina, los reflejos, las reacciones y patrones posturales. El estudio mostró que se puede mejorar el desarrollo de las cualidades coordinativas básicas en la Educación Física del nivel inicial 2.

O profissional de cultura física contribui, com contribuições importantes, para o aprimoramento dos programas; Aplica o exercício físico à educação desde tenra idade e promove uma formação integral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenhar uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento de qualidades coordenativas básicas em Educação Física do nível inicial 2. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de desenho pré-experimental de controle mínimo, com duração de dois anos (2020-2021). ). ). A amostra selecionada respondeu a uma amostragem estratificada e não probabilística intencional. Foram utilizados métodos dos níveis teórico e empírico tais como: análise e síntese indutivo-dedutivo sistêmico-estrutural-funcional medição experimento julgamento de especialistas e estatística descritiva bem como técnicas de pesquisa dentre as quais se destacam a análise documental observação estruturada, entrevista e inquérito. A metodologia foi realizada por meio da execução de exercícios físicos. Participaram 229 crianças do nível inicial 2; A partir do diagnóstico realizado, constatou-se que o equilíbrio dinâmico (46,3%) e a coordenação dinâmica geral (43,7%) foram avaliados como regulares, além de dificuldades em todos os padrões de movimento, motricidade grossa e fina, reflexos, reações e padrões posturais. O estudo mostrou que o desenvolvimento das qualidades coordenativas básicas pode ser melhorado na Educação Física no nível inicial 2.

The physical culture professional contributes, with important contributions, to the improvement of the programs; applies physical exercise to education, from the earliest ages and promotes comprehensive training. The objective of this work was to design a methodology for the development of basic coordinative qualities in Physical Education of the initial level 2. To this end, a pre-experimental design study of minimum control was carried out, lasting two years (2020-2021). The selected sample responded to a stratified, non-probabilistic intentional sampling. Methods from the theoretical and empirical levels were used, such as: analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional, measurement, experiment, expert judgment and descriptive statistics, as well as research techniques, among which stand out documentary analysis, structured observation, interview and survey. The methodology was carried out through the implementation of physical exercises. 229 children from initial level 2 participated. Based on the diagnosis made, it was determined that dynamic balance (46.3 %) and general dynamic coordination (43.7 %) were evaluated as fair, in addition to difficulties in all movement patterns, gross and fine motor skills, reflexes, reactions and postural patterns. The study showed that the development of basic coordinative qualities can be improved in Physical Education at initial level 2.

Efectividad del mousse de sangrecita y nivel de hemoglobina en los niños de 3 años en las instituciones educativas iniciales, Ica-Perú / Effectiveness of sangrecita mousse little blood and hemoglobin level in children from 3 years of age in the initial educational institutions Ica-Peru

El estudio tuvo como Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del mousse de sangrecita en los niveles de hemoglobina en los niños de dos instituciones Educativas iniciales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio Experimental con diseño cuasi experimental de corte longitudinal, la población de estudio estuvo conformada por 80 niños los cuales todos participaron (consentimiento de los padres), 52 niños fueron de la IEI de Ica y 28 de la IEI de Comatrana, para la muestra se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico mediante el descarte de anemia utilizando el analizador de hemoglobina (hemoQ), microcubetas, lancetas y demás implementos, de ellos 9 niños tuvieron una hemoglobina <=11gr/dl quienes ingresaron al programa de mousse de sangrecita. Se elaboró una ficha de control. Resultados: Después de 7 semanas de consumir el mousse de sangrecita los 9 niños que ingresaron al programa de las dos IEI, se evidencio un incremento en sus niveles de hemoglobina superior al primer control. Conclusiones: El consumo de mousse de sangrecita es efectiva en el tratamiento de la anemia en niños de la IEI incrementando el nivel de hemoglobina. (AU)

The Objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of blood mousse on hemoglobin levels in children from two initial educational institutions. Materials and Methods: Study experimental Quasi-experimental desing of longitudinal cut, the study population was made up of 80 children who all participated (parental consent), 52 children were from the IEI of Ica and 28 from the IEI of Comatrana, for the sample a non-probability sampling was carried out by discarding anemia using the hemoglobin analyzer (hemoQ), microcuvettes, lancets andother implements, of them 9 children had a hemoglobin < = 11gr / dl who would enter the blood mousse program. A control sheet was drawn up. Results: After 7 weeks of consuming the blood mousse of the 9 children who entered the program of the two IEI, there was evidence of an increase in their hemoglobin levels higher than the first control. Conclusions: The consumption of blood mousse is effective in the treatment of anemia in children with IEI by increasing the level of hemoglobin. (AU)

Niveles de desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motricidad, en la Educación Inicial modalidad virtual

El objetivo del estudio se centró en caracterizar los niveles de desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motricidad alcanzados mediante la modalidad virtual, en un grupo de niños de la escuela de Educación Básica Víctor Murillo Soto, en Ecuador, al finalizar el período lectivo 2020-2021. Se realizó una investigación transversal-no experimental, mediante un estudio de campo con muestreo no probabilístico, intencional y estratificado integrado por 32 niños, sus padres y un docente. Se operacionalizaron las variables educación en modalidad virtual, expresión corporal y motricidad en cuatro dimensiones: percepción de resultado, estrategias de implementación, percepción de su impacto y niveles de desarrollo y se aplicaron un cuestionario, una entrevista estructurada y una guía de observación; además de, una escala de valoración con tres niveles de desarrollo. Los resultados evidenciaron que los padres de familia, se mostraron a favor de la modalidad presencial en relación al alcance de objetivos de aprendizajes motrices, de aprovechar los espacios físicos en las instituciones educativas infantiles y de lograr una educación de calidad para sus hijos; se reveló una contradicción entre el discurso docente y los niveles reales de desarrollo de la expresión corporal y motricidad infantil, en correspondencia con las exigencias curriculares del subnivel y bajos niveles de desarrollo en la expresión corporal y motricidad, al finalizar el período lectivo, debido a que solo una tercera parte de los niños logra la categoría de adquirido.

SÍNTESE O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os níveis de desenvolvimento da expressão corporal e das habilidades motoras alcançados através da modalidade virtual, em um grupo de crianças da Escola de Educação Básica Víctor Murillo Soto, no Equador, no final do ano letivo de 2020-2021. Uma pesquisa transversal e não experimental foi realizada através de um estudo de campo com amostragem não-probabilística, intencional e estratificada de 32 crianças, seus pais e um professor. As variáveis educação virtual, expressão corporal e habilidades motoras foram operacionalizadas em quatro dimensões: percepção dos resultados, estratégias de implementação, percepção de seu impacto e níveis de desenvolvimento, e um questionário, uma entrevista estruturada e um guia de observação foram aplicados, assim como uma escala de classificação com três níveis de desenvolvimento. Os resultados mostraram que os pais eram a favor da modalidade presencial em relação à realização dos objetivos de aprendizagem motora, de aproveitar os espaços físicos das instituições educacionais das crianças e de conseguir uma educação de qualidade para seus filhos; Foi revelada uma contradição entre o discurso dos professores e os níveis reais de desenvolvimento da expressão física e das habilidades motoras das crianças, de acordo com as exigências curriculares do sub-nível, e os baixos níveis de desenvolvimento da expressão física e das habilidades motoras no final do ano letivo, uma vez que apenas um terço das crianças atinge a categoria de adquiridas.

The objective of the study focused on characterizing the levels of development of body expression and motor skills achieved through the virtual modality, in a group of children from the Víctor Murillo Soto Basic Education school, in Ecuador, at the end of the 20-2021 school year. A non-experimental, cross-sectional research was carried out, through a field study with non-probabilistic, intentional and stratified sampling made up of 32 children, their parents and a teacher. The variables education in virtual modality, body expression and motor skills were operationalized in four dimensions: perception of result, implementation strategies, perception of its impact and levels of development and a questionnaire, a structured interview and an observation guide were applied; in addition, a rating scale with three levels of development. The results showed that the parents were in favor of the face-to-face modality in relation to the achievement of motor learning objectives, to take advantage of the physical spaces in children's educational institutions and to achieve a quality education for their children; a contradiction was revealed between the teaching discourse and the real levels of development of child body language and motor skills, in correspondence with the curricular requirements of the sublevel and low levels of development in body language and motor skills, at the end of the school period, due to that only a third of the children achieve the category of acquired.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Articular Disc Position in Temporomandibular Disorder Subjects with various Bite Registrations

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of three bite registrations on articular disc position in temporomandibular disorder patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Fifteen clinically symptomatic and orthodontically untreated temporomandibular disorder patients within the age range of 17–40 years (mean age: 28.5 years) were examined. Each patient was subjected to three bite registrations, namely maximum intercuspation, initial contact bite and Roth power centric bite, and evaluated with MRI. Results: On the right side, the mean vertical and horizontal measurement values of the point in the most posterior aspect of the posterior band of the articular disc in relation to horizontal reference line (HRL) and vertical reference line (VRL) in the sagittal view in the Roth power centric bite were lesser (2.720 ± 1.239 mm and 2.380 ± 1.185 mm, respectively), in comparison with the other two bites, and on the left side too, it was lesser in the Roth power centric bite (2.293 ± 0.979 mm and 2.360 ± 1.078 mm, respectively), when compared to the other two bites. Statistical analysis also showed the significance of Roth power centric bite over the other two bites. Conclusions: Favourable articular disc positional changes were observed in the Roth power centric bite followed by the initial contact bite and that maximum disc recapture was observed in most patients with the Roth power centric bite rather than in initial contact bite and maximum intercuspation positions. The Roth power centric bite could be assumed to be the ideal method for articulation and fabrication of gnathological splints for treating patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Perspectiva de ex-pibidianos/as do subprojeto PIBID Educação física na Furg sobre a formação inicial / Pibidians perspective of the subproject PIBID Physical education in Furg on initial training / Perspectiva de los pibidianos del subproyecto PIBID Educación física en Furg sobre la formación inicial

Este estudo identificou as contribuições do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência na formação inicial a partir da perspectiva de ex-pibidianos/as do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Furg. A produção dos dados se deu por meio de entrevistas com ex-pibidianos/as. Tais dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, sendo criadas as seguintes categorias: ações realizadas pelo grupo, aproximação com o contexto escolar e contribuição para a formação inicial. Observa-se que as contribuições do programa para a formação inicial se relacionaram à construção de experiências docentes e o aprender a trabalhar em grupo, fato que demonstra a potência dessa política pública para a formação inicial dos/as professores/as.

This study identified the contributions of the Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching Scholarship in the initial teaching from the perspective of ex-pibidians of the Degree in Physical Education at Furg. Data production took place through interviews with ex-pibidians. Such data were analyzed through content analysis, and the following three categories were created: Actions carried out by the group, Approach to the school context and Contribution to initial training. It is observed that the program's contributions to initial training were related to the construction of teaching experiences and learning to work in groups, a fact that demonstrates the power of this public policy for the initial teaching of teachers.

Este estudio identificó las contribuciones del Programa Institucional de Iniciación a la Beca Docente en la formación inicial desde la perspectiva de los ex-pibidianos de la Licenciatura en Educación Física de Furg. La producción de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas con ex-pibidianos. Dichos datos fueron analizados a través del análisis de contenido, y se crearon las siguientes tres categorías: Acciones realizadas por el grupo, Acercamiento al contexto escolar y Contribución a la formación inicial. Se observa que los aportes del programa a la formación inicial estuvieron relacionados con la construcción de experiencias docentes y el aprendizaje del trabajo en grupo, hecho que demuestra la potencia de esta política pública para la formación inicial de docentes.

Perspectiva de ex-pibidianos/as do subprojeto PIBID Educação física na Furg sobre a formação inicial / Pibidians perspective of the subproject PIBID Physical education in Furg on initial training / Perspectiva de los pibidianos del subproyecto PIBID Educación física en Furg sobre la formación inicial

Este estudo identificou as contribuições do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência na formação inicial a partir da perspectiva de ex-pibidianos/as do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Furg. A produção dos dados se deu por meio de entrevistas com ex-pibidianos/as. Tais dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, sendo criadas as seguintes categorias: ações realizadas pelo grupo, aproximação com o contexto escolar e contribuição para a formação inicial. Observa-se que as contribuições do programa para a formação inicial se relacionaram à construção de experiências docentes e o aprender a trabalhar em grupo, fato que demonstra a potência dessa política pública para a formação inicial dos/as professores/as (AU).

This study identified the contributions of the Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching Scholarship in the initial teaching from the perspective of ex-pibidians of the Degree in Physical Education at Furg. Data production took place through interviews with ex-pibidians. Such data were analyzed through content analy-sis, and the following three categories were created: Actions carried out by the group, Approach to the school context and Contribution to initial training. It is observed that the program's contributions to initial training were related to the construction of teaching expe-riences and learning to work in groups, a fact that demonstrates the power of this public policy for the initial teaching of teachers (AU).

Este estudio identificó las contribuciones del Programa Institucional de Iniciación a la Beca Docente en la formación ini-cial desde la perspectiva de los ex-pibidianos de la Licenciatura en Educación Física de Furg. La producción de datos se realizó a tra-vés de entrevistas con ex-pibidianos. Dichos datos fueron analiza-dos a través del análisis de contenido, y se crearon las siguientes tres categorías: Acciones realizadas por el grupo, Acercamiento al contexto escolar y Contribución a la formación inicial. Se observa que los aportes del programa a la formación inicial estuvieron relacionados con la construcción de experiencias docentes y el apren-dizaje del trabajo en grupo, hecho que demuestra la potencia de esta política pública para la formación inicial de docentes (AU).

Efficacy and safety of noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants : a Meta-analysis / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) as the initial ventilation mode for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants.Methods:From the establishment of the databases [(PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database, CQVIP and CBM (SinoMed)] to March 1, 2022, literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using nHFOV and nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP) as the initial ventilation modes for RDS in premature infants were searched. The qualities of the included literature were evaluated according to Cochrane Evaluation Manual. RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results:Seven RCTs involving 786 children were included for the final Meta-analysis, with 395 cases in the nHFOV group and 391 cases in the NCPAP group. The results showed that the nHFOV group had lower intubation rates than the NCPAP group ( OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.22~0.51, P<0.001). No significant differences existed in mortality rates and complication rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:nHFOV as the initial treatment for RDS in premature infants may reduce the incidence of early treatment failure without increasing complications.

Initial screening and retest mode in apheresis platelet donors: a comparative analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effectiveness of current indicators in initial screening and retest before donation and access the optimal testing strategies. 【Methods】 Data of initial screening (rate method for ALT, colloidal gold method for HBsAg) and retest (rate method for ALT, ELISA for HBsAg) of 18 510 platelet donors in our center from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected, and the results were retrospectively analyzed and compared in terms of different years and number of donations. 【Results】 From 2019 to 2021, data of initial screening and retest of platelet donors were as follows: 1) the deferral rate of ALT and HBsAg was 12.98% (2 403/18 510) vs 0.26%(40/15 412); 2) the deferral rate of ALT was 13.19% (712/5 398) vs 0.20%(9/4 410)in 2019, 13.33% (873/6 549) vs 0.06%(3/5 387)in 2020 and 11.05% (725/6 563) vs 0.07%(4/5 615)in 2021; for initial screening, significant difference was noticed in ALT reactivity in 2021 as in comparison to other two years(P<0.05); 3) the reactive rate of HBsAg was 0.43% (23/5 398) vs 0.18%(8/4 410)in 2019, 0.66% (43/6 549) vs 0.20%(11/5 387)in 2020 and 0.41% (27/6 563) vs 0.09%(5/5, 615) in 2021. For initial screening, HBsAg deferral in 2021 was significantly different from 2019, while similar with 2020. 4) Among ALT deferral samples in the retest, 68.75% (11/16) were ALT≥45 U/L. Among HBsAg reactive samples, 91.67% (22/24) were reactive by single reagent. 【Conclusion】 Setting the threshold value of ALT for platelet donors in initial screening as less than 45 U/L can effectively reduce the reactive rate in the retest. HBsAg screening only for first-time platelet donors can reduce the detection cost. Adding pre-donation detection indicators according to local prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases is conductive to reduce the discarding rate of platelets.

Epidemiological characteristics and meteorological factors of initial acute cerebral infarction / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of initial acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and its correlation with meteorological factors, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ACI. Methods Atotal of 308 ACI patients admitted to our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the age, gender, height, weight, complications, onset season and initial symptoms of all patients were systematically analyzed from the hospital case system. Collected during the same period of meteorological data, including: monthly average temperature (℃), monthly mean minimum temperature (℃), monthly average highest temperature (℃), monthly average diurnal range (℃), the average daily air pressure (kPa), etc., by using circular distribution analysis the season of incipient ACI onset regularity, the linear correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis of the relationship between meteorological factors and the incipient ACI onset. Results The male to female ratio of 308 patients was 1.15:1. A among of 55.84% of the patients were 65 years old or older and mainly lived in urban areas (77.27%). The main risk factors were hypertension (24.03%), followed by hyperlipidemia (24.03%). The incidence was mainly in winter (30.84%) and spring (26.62%). The first symptoms are headache, dizziness, unclear speech, followed by malignant, tinnitus, vomiting, hemiplegia, dysphagia, etc. The number of ACI cases was highest in January and December, and lowest in May and June.Linear correlation analysis showed that the number of ACI cases was negatively correlated with monthly mean air temperature, monthly mean minimum air temperature and monthly mean daily range ( r=-0.362 , -0.429, -0.374, P<0.05), and positively correlated with monthly mean air pressure ( r=0.317, P<0.05). The meteorological factors that affected the incidence of ACI were monthly mean minimum temperature, followed by monthly mean daily range (P<0.05). Conclusion Meteorological factors are the influencing factors of the incidence of initial ACI. The incidence of initial ACI is high under low temperature and high atmospheric pressure. Active intervention should be given to reduce the incidence.

Bi-directional Control of Synaptic Input Summation and Spike Generation by GABAergic Inputs at the Axon Initial Segment / 神经科学通报·英文版

Differing from other subtypes of inhibitory interneuron, chandelier or axo-axonic cells form depolarizing GABAergic synapses exclusively onto the axon initial segment (AIS) of targeted pyramidal cells (PCs). However, the debate whether these AIS-GABAergic inputs produce excitation or inhibition in neuronal processing is not resolved. Using realistic NEURON modeling and electrophysiological recording of cortical layer-5 PCs, we quantitatively demonstrate that the onset-timing of AIS-GABAergic input, relative to dendritic excitatory glutamatergic inputs, determines its bi-directional regulation of the efficacy of synaptic integration and spike generation in a PC. More specifically, AIS-GABAergic inputs promote the boosting effect of voltage-activated Na+ channels on summed synaptic excitation when they precede glutamatergic inputs by >15 ms, while for nearly concurrent excitatory inputs, they primarily produce a shunting inhibition at the AIS. Thus, our findings offer an integrative mechanism by which AIS-targeting interneurons exert sophisticated regulation of the input-output function in targeted PCs.

Influencia de los tipos de agrupamiento en la competencia social de futuros docentes de educación física al implementar el aprendizaje cooperativo / Influência dos tipos de agrupamento na competência social dos futuros professores educação física na implementação da aprendizagem cooperativa / Influence of the types of grouping on the social competence of future physical education teachers when implementing cooperative learning

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprobar la incidencia del aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) en la competencia social en función de los tipos de agrupamiento del alumnado. Participaron 53 estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado de Magisterio Educación Primaria de la mención de Educación Física (EF). Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental donde se implementó una intervención durante cuatro meses con medidas pre-test y post-test a través de un cuestionario sociométrico. El tratamiento de datos se realizó mediante el software Sociomet. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los seminarios que han utilizado agrupamientos libres y heterogéneos han obtenidos mejores puntuaciones de percepción de competencia social que el seminario organizado en subgrupos homogéneos. Así pues, se considera que el criterio de homogeneidad debe ser descartado a la hora de implementar el AC en EF. (AU)

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a incidência da aprendizagem cooperativa (LC) na competência social em função dos tipos de agrupamento de alunos. Participaram 53 alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental da Licenciatura da menção à Educação Física (EF). Foi utilizado um desenho quase experimental onde foi implementada uma intervenção durante quatro meses com medidas pré-teste e pós-teste através de um questionário sociométrico. O processamento dos dados foi realizado por meio do software Sociomet. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os seminários que utilizaram agrupamentos livres e heterogêneos obtiveram melhores pontuações para a percepção de competência social do que o seminário organizado em subgrupos homogêneos. Assim, considera-se que o critério de homogeneidade deve ser descartado na implementação da AC em EF. (AU)

Abstract The objective of this research was to verify the incidence of cooperative learning (CL) in social competence depending on the types of grouping of students. Fifty-three (53) third-year students of the Primary Education Teaching Degree participated with the mention of Physical Education (PE). A quasi-experimental design was used where intervention was implemented for four months with pre-test and post-test measures through a sociometric questionnaire. Data processing was performed using Sociomet software. The results obtained indicate that the seminars that have used free and heterogeneous groupings have obtained better scores for the perception of social competence than the seminar organized in homogeneous subgroups. Thus, it is considered that the homogeneity criterion should be discarded when implementing CA in PE. (AU)

Desvendando as raízes dos estudos culturais físicos: das reflexões iniciais à institucionalização acadêmica / Unveiling the roots of physical cultural studies: from initial reflections to academic institutionalization / Desentrañando las raíces de los estudios culturales físicos: desde reflexiones iniciales hasta la institucionalización académica

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender a trajetória de construção dos Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF) antes de sua institucionalização no meio acadêmico. A problemática central reside na escassez de informações disponíveis sobre os Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF) em seu estágio inicial, antes de serem formalmente reconhecidos no contexto acadêmico. A metodologia adotada neste estudo consistiu em uma abordagem de pesquisa bibliográfica, conduzida por meio de leituras exploratórias. A partir dessas análises, considera-se que a concepção dos Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF), advém de diversos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que possibilitaram a criação de uma nova abordagem na produção de conhecimento da Sociologia do Esporte norte- americana e que compreende a subjetividade do corpo/sujeito além da sua capacidade de performance no esporte/cultura física.

This article aims to primarily comprehend the developmental trajectory of Physical Cultural Studies (PCS) prior to its institutionalization within the academic realm. The central issue lies in the scarcity of available information regarding PCS during its nascent stage, before gaining formal recognition within the academic context. The methodology employed in this study involves a bibliographic research approach, conducted through exploratory readings. Based on these analyses, it is considered that the conception of PCS arises from various historical and societal events that facilitated the creation of a novel approach in generating knowledge within American Sociology of Sport. This approach extends beyond the assessment of sporting performance, delving into the realm of the body's and subject's subjectivity, encompassing facets beyond their athletic prowess in sport/physical culture.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal comprender la trayectoria de construcción de los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) antes de su institucionalización en el ámbito académico. La problemática central radica en la escasez de información disponible sobre los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) en su etapa inicial, antes de ser reconocidos formalmente en el contexto académico. La metodología adoptada en este estudio consistió en un enfoque de investigación bibliográfica, llevada a cabo mediante lecturas exploratorias. A partir de estos análisis, se considera que la concepción de los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) proviene de diversos acontecimientos históricos y sociales que posibilitaron la creación de un nuevo enfoque en la producción de conocimiento de la Sociología del Deporte estadounidense y que comprende la subjetividad del cuerpo/sujeto más allá de su capacidad de rendimiento en el deporte/cultura física.

Cenários e processos de socialização docente: um estudo com professores de ginástica artística / Scenarios and processes of teacher socialization: a study with artistic gymnastics teachers / Escenarios y procesos de socialización docente: un estudio con profesores de gimnasia artística

Estudos acerca das trajetórias pessoal e profissional e da formação de professores/treinadores são crescentes no âmbito acadêmico. Assim, com base nos processos de socialização antecipatória e profissional, propostos por Dubar, buscou-se compreender como ocorreram esses processos de socialização de professores/treinadores, que atuam no contexto extraclasse do esporte Ginástica Artística (GA), em uma cidade do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. De caráter qualitativo, este estudo de caso utilizou dois instrumentos, questionário fechado e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados revelaram que com relação à socialização antecipatória, as primeiras aproximações com a Ginástica Artística e/ou atividades físicas foram proveitosas e decisivas para a formação desses sujeitos, visto que, para os professores/treinadores entrevistados as identidades herdadas consolidaram-se. Quanto à socialização profissional, ficou evidente que os saberes envolvidos na formação inicial e na formação continuada, geraram avanços nas práticas cotidianas com Ginástica Artística, sinalizaram, ainda, a contribuição entre os pares como importante fonte de aprendizado.

Studies about personal and professional trajectories and the training of teachers/coaches are growing in the academic field. Thus, based on the anticipatory and professional socialization processes proposed by Dubar, we sought to understand how these processes of socialization of teachers/coaches happened, who work in the extra-class context of the sport Artistic Gymnastics (GA), in a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Qualitative in nature, this case study used two instruments, a closed questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview. The results revealed that with regard to anticipatory socialization, the first approximations with Artistic Gymnastics and/or physical activities were beneficial and decisive for the formation of these subjects, since, for the teachers/coaches interviewed, the inherited identities were consolidated. As for professional socialization, it was evident that the knowledge involved in initial training and continuing training generated advances in daily practices with Artistic Gymnastics, also signaled the contribution between peers as an important source of learning.

Los estudios sobre trayectorias personales y profesionales y la formación de profesores/entrenadores están creciendo en el campo académico. Así, con base en los procesos de socialización anticipatoria y profesional propuestos por Dubar, buscamos comprender cómo ocurrieron esos procesos de socialización de los profesores/entrenadores, que actúan en el contexto extraclase del deporte Gimnasia Artística (GA), en una ciudad de el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. De naturaleza cualitativa, este estudio de caso utilizó dos instrumentos, cuestionario cerrado y entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados revelaron que en lo que se refiere a la socialización anticipatoria, las primeras aproximaciones con la Gimnasia Artística y/o actividades físicas fueron beneficiosas y decisivas para la formación de estos sujetos, ya que, para los profesores/entrenadores entrevistados, se consolidaron las identidades heredadas. En cuanto a la socialización profesional, se evidenció que los conocimientos involucrados en la formación inicial y en la formación continua generaron avances en las prácticas diarias con la Gimnasia Artística, también señalaron el aporte entre pares como importante fuente de aprendizaje.

Projection-Specific Heterogeneity of the Axon Initial Segment of Pyramidal Neurons in the Prelimbic Cortex / 神经科学通报·英文版

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly specialized axonal compartment where the action potential is initiated. The heterogeneity of AISs has been suggested to occur between interneurons and pyramidal neurons (PyNs), which likely contributes to their unique spiking properties. However, whether the various characteristics of AISs can be linked to specific PyN subtypes remains unknown. Here, we report that in the prelimbic cortex (PL) of the mouse, two types of PyNs with axon projections either to the contralateral PL or to the ipsilateral basal lateral amygdala, possess distinct AIS properties reflected by morphology, ion channel expression, action potential initiation, and axo-axonic synaptic inputs from chandelier cells. Furthermore, projection-specific AIS diversity is more prominent in the superficial layer than in the deep layer. Thus, our study reveals the cortical layer- and axon projection-specific heterogeneity of PyN AISs, which may endow the spiking of various PyN types with exquisite modulation.

Estudio comparativo de la concentración de la atención en boxeadores, antes y después de la intervención psicológica / Estudo comparativo da concentração de atenção em boxeadores, antes e depois da intervenção psicológica / Comparative study of the concentration of attention in boxers, before and after psychological intervention

RESUMEN Introducción: La concentración de la atención es fundamental en el boxeo, actividad donde el deportista se enfrenta a un contrario a corta distancia, en un combate que transcurre en un tiempo limitado, planteándole elevadas exigencias al proceso de atención. Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comparar la concentración de la atención en boxeadores categoría 15 - 16 años de la Eide "Mártires de Barbados" de La Habana, antes y después de la intervención psicológica del proceso. Materiales y métodos: La muestra fue de 20 deportistas de interés competitivo. La evaluación se realizó en dos momentos durante la etapa de preparación especial; el primero antes de realizar acciones de intervención psicológica del proceso y el segundo luego de ocho semanas realizándolas. Para el diagnóstico inicial se utilizaron las siguientes técnicas: Test de Anillos de Landolt, escala de autovaloración a deportistas, escala de valoración externa a entrenadores, entrevista a deportistas y observación estructurada a entrenamientos y competencias. En el retest, se repitieron las tres primeras técnicas mencionadas. Resultados: Los principales resultados arrojados inicialmente fueron una concentración evaluada de mal y de regular en el 50 % y 40 % de la muestra respectivamente, expresadas fundamentalmente en reiteración de errores ya corregidos por los entrenadores y en dificultad para mantener la focalización. Post intervención se comprobó una mejora de la concentración de la atención, al obtenerse un diagnóstico de bien, muy bien y excelente en el 35 %, 20 % y 20 % de la muestra respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la intervención propuesta contribuyó a una mejoría en el diagnóstico del proceso.

SÍNTESE Introdução: A concentração da atenção é fundamental no boxe, uma atividade onde o atleta enfrenta um adversário a curta distância, em um combate que ocorre em um tempo limitado, colocando altas exigências no processo de atenção. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a concentração de atenção nos boxeadores da categoria "Mártires de Barbados" Eide em Havana, antes e depois da intervenção psicológica do processo. Materiais e métodos: A amostra consistiu de 20 atletas de interesse competitivo. A avaliação foi realizada em dois momentos durante a fase de preparação especial; o primeiro antes de realizar as ações de intervenção sicológica do processo e o segundo após oito semanas de realização das mesmas. Para o diagnóstico inicial, foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: Landolt's Ring Test, escala de auto-avaliação para atletas, escala de avaliação externa para treinadores, entrevista com atletas e observação estruturada de sessões de treinamento e competições. No novo teste, as três primeiras técnicas mencionadas acima foram repetidas. Resultados: Os principais resultados mostraram inicialmente uma concentração fraca e justa em 50% e 40% da amostra respectivamente, expressa principalmente na repetição de erros já corrigidos pelos treinadores e na dificuldade de manter o foco. Após a intervenção, verificou-se uma melhora na concentração da atenção, obtendo-se um diagnóstico de bom, muito bom e excelente em 35%, 20% e 20% da amostra, respectivamente. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a intervenção proposta contribuiu para uma melhoria no diagnóstico do processo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The concentration of attention is essential in boxing, an activity where the athlete faces an opponent at close range, in a fight that takes place in a limited time, placing high demands on the attention process. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the concentration of attention in boxers category 15 - 16 years of the Sport Initiation School (Eide in Spanish) "Mártires de Barbados" in Havana, before and after the psychological intervention of the process. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 20 athletes of competitive interest. The evaluation was carried out at two moments during the special preparation stage; the first before carrying out psychological intervention actions of the process and the second after eight weeks carrying them out. For the initial diagnosis, the following techniques were used: Landolt Ring Test, self-assessment scale for athletes, external assessment scale for coaches, interviews with athletes, and structured observation of training and competitions. In the retest, the first three techniques mentioned were repeated. Results: The main results initially obtained were a concentration evaluated as bad and regular in 50 % and 40 % of the sample, respectively, expressed mainly in the repetition of errors already corrected by the coaches and in difficulty in maintaining focus. Post-intervention, an improvement in attention concentration was verified, obtaining a diagnosis of good, very good and excellent in 35 %, 20 % and 20 % of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that the proposed intervention contributed to an improvement in the diagnosis of the process.

Apropriações e configurações das competências na formação do bacharel em Educação Física: uma revisão sistemática / Appropriations and configurations of competences in Physical Education bachelor's training: a systematic review

O estudo analisa as apropriações acerca das configurações das competências na formação do bacharel em Educação Física (EF). A revisão sistemática foi ferramenta metodológica e após seleção dos dados chegamos a 13 artigos, na qual a análise dos dados aponta que, embora existam poucas publicações a respeito da temática das competências na educação superior, em EF, é um assunto que preocupa a muitos pelo descuido evidente quanto à materialização dos saberes em situação de prática. Reconhecemos certa negligência do âmbito do lazer e prevalência das competências relacionadas ao âmbito da saúde. Defendemos então um tratamento igualitário, isonômico e equivalente entre os âmbitos do lazer, do esporte e da saúde na formação das competências do bacharel em EF. A diversidade da formação precisa estar contemplada, atendendo às demandas exigidas pela sociedade, seja nos seus diferentes ambientes públicos e privados de trabalho.

The study analyzes the appropriations about the configurations of competences in the formation of Bachelors in Physical Education (PE). The systematic review was a methodological tool and after selecting the data we reached 13 articles that data analysis points out that although there are few publications on the subject of competences in higher education in PE is a subject that worries many due to the evident neglect regarding the materialization of knowledge in a practical situation. We recognize a certain negligence in the field of leisure and the prevalence of competences related to health. Therefore, we defend an egalitarian, isonomic and equivalent treatment between the areas of leisure, sport and health in the formation of the competences of the bachelor in PE. The diversity of formation needs to be considered, meeting the demands demanded by society, whether in its different public or private work environments.

Intervención basada en competencias emocionales en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 cambio la enseñanza a métodos virtuales. En la carrera de Odontología los estudiantes no pueden prescindir de la práctica y esto provocó que las actividades curriculares se reorganizaran, como consecuencia, provocó cambios en el estrés percibido. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar una propuesta de intervención en competencias emocionales en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Método: Se desarrolló una investigación acción en una muestra de 125 estudiantes, ejecutado durante el segundo semestre de 2021, en tres etapas: diagnóstico, diseño y desarrollo de una intervención en modalidad remota sincrónica. En cada actividad se aplicó una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados: Estos dan cuenta de un alto grado de satisfacción de la intervención en los estudiantes, por cuanto les permitió visibilizar la importancia de desarrollar competencias emocionales. Discusión: La educación emocional basada en competencias emocionales es una estrategia innovadora que se sugiere como un plan de acompañamiento al estudiante durante toda la carrera, que requiere de investigación para incluirla en los programas curriculares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the teaching to virtual methods. In dentistry students cannot do without practice and this caused curricular activities to be reorganized, as a consequence, it provoked changes in perceived stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate a proposal for intervention in emotional competencies in dental students at the University of Concepción, Chile. Method: Action research design study in a sample of 125 students, executed during the second semester of 2021, in three stages: diagnosis, design and development of an intervention in synchronous remote modality. A satisfaction survey was applied in each activity. Results: The results show a high degree of satisfaction with the intervention among students since it allowed them to visualize the importance of developing emotional competencies. Discussion: Emotional education based on emotional competencies is an innovative strategy that is suggested as a plan to accompany students throughout their careers and requires research to include it in curricular programs.

Initial investigations and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)has significant impact on the health infrastructure all over the world including India. We wanted to see whether the routine initial investigations done in COVID19 patients reflect the prognosis and outcome of the patient.Methods: It is a retrospective study involving the confirmed covid 19 patients admitted between April 2021 to May2021. The initial investigations done at the time of admission were studied in relation to outcome of the patient in the form of survival or death of the patient.Results: A total of 364 patients were studied. 295(81.05%) patients survived and 69(18.96%) patients died. Highest mortality was observed in 60% of patients with hemoglobinbelow 7.0mg/dl, 40.00% of patients with platelet count below 50000/cml, 28.80% with neutrophil lymphocyte ratio more than 5.5, 32.81% with CRP more than 100mg/L, 100% with D dimer more than 5000ng/ml, 33.33% with Ferritin more than 1500ng/ml, 29.54% with IL-6 more than 100pg/ml, 23.14% with Random blood sugar more than 200mg/dl, 37.50% with creatinine more than 2.0mg/dl, 75% with Bilirubin more than 2.0mg/dl, 42.85% with SGOT more than 201mg/dl, 22.22% with SGPT more than 201mg/dl, 38.46% with serum Procalcitonin more than 2.0mg/dl. CT Chest severity score of 21 to 30 and31 to 40 lead to mortality of 19.51% and 40.00% respectively. Conclusions: The physician who is taking care of COVID-19patients must get extra cautious regarding prognosis if he gets above initial parameters deranged in isolation or combination.