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Objective:To investigate the change of D-Dimer (D-D), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) after Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) and thier predictive effect on death outcome.Methods:120 patients with TAAD who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively selected and divided into death group ( n=17) and survival group ( n=103) according to the 28-day survival after operation. The difference of clinical data between the two groups was compared, and the influencing factors of postoperative death in TAAD patients were analyzed by logistic regression method. Results:The age, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, D-D and cTnI of the patients in the death group were (60.50±5.42)years old, (30.40±9.92)min, (15.65±5.52)g/L and (3.32±0.82)mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the survival group (all P<0.05). The VIS score and change of VIS score in the death group at 24 hours after operation were (9.66±1.10)points and (4.50±0.91)points respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the survival group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, D-D, cTnI and change of VIS score were the influencing factors of death after TAAD (all P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve predicted by the D-D, cTnI and change of VIS score for death in TAAD patients was 0.718, 0.691 and 0.789 respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Postoperative death of TAAD patients is affected by their age, D-D, cTnI and change of VIS score. The D-D, cTnI and change of VIS score have certain application value in predicting postoperative death of patients.
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Objective:To study the predictive value of vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), fluid overload (FO) and lactate level for the outcome of preterm infants with refractory septic shock.Methods:Preterm infants diagnosed with refractory septic shock and required hydrocortisone treatment in our Department from January 2016 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Preterm infants were assigned into three gestational age groups (<28 weeks, 28-31 weeks, 32-36 weeks). According to the outcome of the disease, the children were further divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. The relationship between the maximum VIS, FO and the mean lactic acid before hydrocortisone and the outcome of refractory septic shock was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the cut-off point of ROC curve was calculated to obtain the predictive efficacy of the three indicators for the outcome of refractory septic shock in preterm infants.Results:A total of 50 preterm infants with refractory septic shock and received hydrocortisone treatment were enrolled, including 20 in the good prognosis group and 30 in the poor prognosis group. There were no significant differences in the maximum VIS, FO and mean lactic acid before hydrocortisone treatment between the two groups of gestational age of <32 weeks ( P> 0.05). The maximum VIS, FO and mean lactic acid of gestational age of 32-36 weeks in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group, VIS: 56.1±15.7 vs. 37.1±12.9, FO (%): 108.2 (78.6,137.7) vs. 55.5 (10.3, 100.7), and mean lactic acid (mmol/L): 8.3 (4.6, 12.0) vs. 4.8 (-0.8, 10.5), all P<0.05. The area under the ROC curve of the mean lactic acid was the largest, the cut-off value was 4.1 mmol/L, and the Youden index was 1.732. Conclusions:VIS, FO and lactate level are difficult to be used for determining the outcome of refractory septic shock in preterm infants of <32 weeks. While the mean lactic acid has the best predictive performance in preterm infants of 32-36 weeks.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of vasoactive inotrope score at the 24th postoperative hour for mortality and morbidity in elective adult cardiac surgery. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent elective adult coronary artery bypass and valve surgery in a single tertiary center for cardiac surgery between December 2021 and March 2022 were prospectively included. The vasoactive inotrope score was calculated with the dosage of inotropes that were continuing at the 24th postoperative hour. Poor outcome was defined as any event of perioperative mortality or morbidity. RESULTS: The study included 287 patients, of whom 69 (24.0%) were on inotropes at the 24th postoperative hour. The vasoactive inotrope score was higher (21.6±22.5 vs. 0.94±2.7, p=0.001) in patients with poor outcome. One unit increase in the vasoactive inotrope score had an odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.35) for poor outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve of vasoactive inotrope score for poor outcome had an area under the curve of 0.857. CONCLUSION: Vasoactive inotrope score at the 24th hour can be a very valuable parameter for risk calculation in the early postoperative period.
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Objective To determine the threshold of the inotropic score (IS) and vasoactive–inotropic score (VIS) for predicting mortality in pediatric septic shock. Method This retrospective cohort study included children aged 1 mo to 13 y with septic shock, requiring vasoactive medication. The area under curve receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was calculated using mean IS and mean VIS to predict PICU mortality, and Youden index cut points were generated. Sensitivity, specifcity, and binary regression analysis were performed. Results A total of 176 patients were enrolled (survivor, n=72, 41% and nonsurvivor, n=104, 59%). For predicting the PICU mortality, AUROC (95% CI) of IS was 0.80 (0.74–0.86) [sensitivity of 88.5 (80.7–94) and specifcity of 58.3 (46.1–69.8)] and AUROC of VIS was 0.88 (0.82–0.92) [sensitivity of 83.7 (75.1–90.2) and specifcity of 80.6 (69.5–89)]. The respective cutof scores of IS and VIS were 28 and 42.5. On regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI), illness severity (PRISM-III) (1.12, 1.05–1.12), worst lactate value (1.31, 1.08–1.58), IS (>28) (3.98, 1.24–12.80), and VIS (>42.5) (4.66, 1.57–13.87) independently predicted the PICU mortality (r 2=0.625). Conclusion Threshold of inotropic score (>28) and vasoactive–inotropic score (>42.5) were independently associated with PICU mortality. In addition to IS and VIS, severity and worst lactate value independently predicted septic shock mortality in PICU.
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Objective:To study the predictive value of vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), shock score and lactate level for the outcome of term infants with septic shock.Methods:From January 2019 to October 2020, clinical data of term infants with septic shock admitted to our department were reviewed. According to their clinical outcome, the infants were assigned into the survival group and the deceased group and the differences of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of mortality in term infants with septic shock. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the predictive efficacy of VIS, shock score and lactate level for the outcome of septic shock.Results:Significant differences existed between the survival group and the deceased group in the following: maximum VIS, maximum shock score, maximum lactate level, the mean value of VIS during the second 24 h, the mean value of lactate during the first and second 24 h ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, maximum VIS ( OR = 1.038, 95% CI 1.014~1.063), maximum shock score ( OR = 2.372, 95% CI 1.126~4.999) and the mean value of lactate during the first 24h ( OR = 2.983, 95% CI 1.132~7.862) were correlated with mortality in the infants ( P < 0.05). The area under the curve of maximum VIS was the most prominent, with 58.5 as cut-off. Conclusions:Among the three indicators, VIS has the best predictive value for mortality outcome in term infants with septic shock, followed by shock score and lactate level.
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OBJECTIVE To observe th e efficacy and safety of intermittently repeated application of levosimendan in the treatment of right heart failure of pulmonary hypertension. METHODS A total of 70 cases of right heart failure of pulmonary hypertension were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University during Jan. 2019-May 2021，and then randomly divided into control group and observation group ，with 35 cases in each group.In control group ，the patients with moderate risk of classification of pulmonary hypertension were given Tadalafil tablets and Ambrisentan tablets ，while the patients with high risk were given Tadalafil tablets ，Ambrisentan tablets and Treprostinil injection ；both were given anti-right heart failure drugs at the same time. On the basis of treatment in the control group ，patients in the observation group were additionally intravenously pumped with levosimendan injection 12.5 mg，once a month ，at a rate of 0.05-0.1 μg/（kg·min），3 months in total. Response rate of therapy ，improvement of risk stratification of pulmonary hypertension after treatment ，and average pulmonary artery pressure ，six-minute walk distance （6MWD），serum level of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP），right atrial pressure （RAP），oxygen saturation in mixed venous blood （SvO2），cardiac index （CI），right ventricular ejection fraction （RVEF），early diastolic tricuspid inflow velocity/early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity （E/Ea），tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion（TAPSE），right ventricular end-diastolic diameter （RVEDD），right ventricular end-systolic diameter （RVESD）before and after treatment ，and the occurrence of adverse reactions were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS The total response rate of observation group was significantly higher than control group after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment ，average pulmonary artery pressure，NT-proBNP level ，RAP，E/Ea，RVEDD and RVESD of 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment ，while 6MWD，SvO2， CI， TAPSE and RVEF were significantly higher than before treatment ；NT-proBNP level and E/Ea of observation group were significantly lower than control group ， while 6MWD，CI，TAPSE and RVEF were significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in average pulmonary artery pressure ， risk stratification improvement cases of pulmonary hypertension ， RAP， SvO2， RVEDD， RVESD and the incidence of asymptomatic hypotension between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Intermittently repeated application of levosimendan can improve the function of right heart of pulmonary hypertension complicated with right heart failure and has good safety.
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The degree of hemodynamic support by vasoactive drugs in critically ill patients is often considered one of the markers of disease severity. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation Ⅱ (EuroScoreⅡ), and other scores only roughly quantify the drug support of cardiovascular system. When patients need large doses of vasoactive drugs, the mortality increases accordingly. The vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) objectively quantifies the degree of cardiovascular support using a simple formula that standardizes the dose of different agents, and it is recommended as a simple, effective, and accurate prognostic indicator. In recent years, there are more and more clinical applications and related studies at home and abroad. This paper reviews the application and progress of VIS score in critically ill patients, providing help for doctors to judge the condition and prognosis of patients and guiding the decision-making of diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective:To study the early predictive value of vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) for mortality in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).Method:From July 2017 to November 2020, clinical data of infants diagnosed with PPHN (gestational age ≥34 weeks and admission age <7 days) admitted to our department of neonatology were retrospectively analyzed. According to their clinical outcome, the infants were assigned into survival group and death group. Demographics, risk factors of mortality and the series of VIS within 12 hours after admission were collected. These indicators were compared between the two groups to determine the confounding factors of mortality. Logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between VIS and mortality. The predictive value of VIS for the mortality of infants with PPHN was calculated using ROC curve.Result:A total of 105 infants with PPHN were enrolled, including 75 in survival group and 30 in death group. The overall mortality rate was 28.6% (30/105). Compared with survival group, the death group had higher gestational age [(39.1±1.8) weeks vs. (37.9±2.0) weeks], lower Apgar score at 1 minute [8.0 (6.0, 9.3) vs. 9.0 (8.0, 10.0)] and lower PaO 2/FiO 2 within 12 hours after admission [40 (30, 50) vs. 80 (60, 100)]. After adjusting for gestational age, Apgar score at 1min and lowest PaO 2/FiO 2 within 12 hours after admission, the maximal VIS (VISmax) >27.8 within 12 hours after admission was independently correlated with increased risk of mortality ( OR=23.055, 95% CI 4.885~108.800, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off value was 27.8, with 70.0% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity predicting mortality (AUC=0.828, Youden index=0.607). Conclusion:VIS could be used as an early predictor of mortality in PPHN. The infants with VISmax greater than 27.8 within 12 hours after admission have increased risk of mortality.
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Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad en la administración de medicamentos inotrópicos por parte del personal de enfermería de un hospital de alta especialidad en Tabasco, México. Es un estudio observacional, transversal, analítico. Se obtuvo una muestra por conveniencia de 80 profesionales de enfermería. Para evaluar el conocimiento se utilizó el cuestionario de calidad y seguridad de la administración de medicamentos inotrópicos de Ipanaque y Pérez. El cumplimiento de los estándares de calidad, se evaluó con la cédula oficial de administración de medicamentos del Sistema Nacional de Indicadores de Calidad en Salud en México. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó estadística descriptiva y analítica, además, se utilizó el SPSS Versión 22.0. El nivel de calidad en la administración de inotrópicos en el hospital evaluado fue insuficiente en un 73.8% (59). Las enfermeras del servicio de cuidados intensivos fueron las mejor evaluadas en el 66% con una X2 de 20.622 y un valor de p=.002, el cual es estadísticamente significativo. A diferencia de las enfermeras del área de urgencias que alcanzaron el nivel más bajo de calidad en el 27.1% de ellas. Se concluye que el nivel de calidad y seguridad en la administración de inotrópicos fue insuficiente. Por lo tanto, se sugiere supervisión y capacitación constante en los puntos críticos encontrados para evitar eventos adversos y garantizar la seguridad del paciente.
Abstract The aim was to evaluate the quality in the administration of inotropic medications in the nursing staff of a high specialty hospital in Tabasco, Mexico. It is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study. A sample was obtained for the convenience of 80 nursing professionals. To assess the knowledge, the quality and safety questionnaire of the administration of inotropic medications from Ipanaque and Pérez was used. Compliance with quality standards was evaluated with the official drug administration card of the National System of Health Quality Indicators in Mexico. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical statistics were used, SPSS Version 22.0 was used. The level of quality in the administration of inotropics in the hospital evaluated was insufficient in 73.8% (59). The nurses in the intensive care service were the best evaluated in 66% with an X2 of 20,622 and a statistically significant value of p = .002. Unlike nurses in the emergency department who reached the lowest level of quality in 27.1% of them. Conclusions: the level of quality and safety in the administration of inotropics was insufficient. Constant supervision and training is suggested at the critical points found to avoid adverse events and ensure patient safety.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade na administração de medicamentos inotrópicos na equipe de enfermagem de um hospital de alta especialidade em Tabasco, México. Estudo observacional, transversal, analítico. Uma amostra a conveniência foi obtida de 80 profissionais de enfermagem. Para avaliar o conhecimento, foi utilizado o questionário de qualidade e segurança da administração de medicamentos inotrópicos de Ipanaque e Pérez. A conformidade com os padrões de qualidade foi avaliada com o cartão oficial de administração de medicamentos do Sistema Nacional de Indicadores de Qualidade em Saúde no México. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, SPSS Versão 22.0. O nível de qualidade na administração de inotrópicos no hospital avaliado foi insuficiente em 73,8% (59). Os enfermeiros do serviço de terapia intensiva foram os melhores avaliados em 66% com um X2 de 20.622 e um valor estatisticamente significante de p = 0,002. Diferentemente dos enfermeiros do pronto-socorro, que atingiram o nível mais baixo de qualidade em 27,1% deles. Conclusões: o nível de qualidade e segurança na administração de inotrópicos foi insuficiente. Supervisão e treinamento constantes são sugeridos nos pontos críticos encontrados para evitar eventos adversos e garantir a segurança do paciente.
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Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Nursing , Total Quality Management , Mexico , Muscle ContractionABSTRACT
Introducción. Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) avanzada bajo tratamiento con inotrópicos tienden a la taquicardia sinusal, principalmente, por: 1) efecto compensador neuroendocrino, 2) efecto farmacológico, 3) imposibilidad del uso de beta bloqueantes por interferir en el efecto inotrópico. Objetivos. Evaluar mediante cateterismo pulmonar el efecto hemodinámico de la ivabradina en la taquicardia sinusal durante el tratamiento de la IC avanzada bajo contrapulsación aórtica. Material y métodos. Entre el 1° de Enero de 2014 y el 1° de Mayo de 2020, se incluyeron prospectivamente todos los pacientes admitidos al área de cardiología crítica por IC aguda de etiología isquémico-necrótica refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico vía oral e indicación de inotrópicos y contrapulsación intra-aórtica, en ritmo sinusal con más de 110 latidos por minuto (lpm) de frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados. El estudio incluyó a 55 pacientes (33 hombres) con edad promedio de 61,9 años. Post tratamiento con ivabradina, la frecuencia cardíaca bajó de 118±5 lpm a 93±8 lpm (p=0,0002), el volumen minuto cardíaco aumentó de 4637±610 ml a 5176±527 ml (p=0,03) y el volumen sistólico promedio se incrementó significativamente de 39,29±5,2 a 55,65±7,7 ml (p=0,002). No se observaron diferencias significativas pre y post tratamiento en los registros de las presiones de la aurícula derecha ni en las presiones capilar pulmonar, así como en los cálculos de resistencias vasculares sistémicas y pulmonares. No se observaron efectos adversos de las drogas hasta transcurridas cinco vidas medias luego de suspenderla. Conclusiones. La ivabradina mejora la efectividad de la contrapulsación aórtica evaluada mediante catéter de Swan Ganz en paciente con IC avanzada tratada con agentes inotrópicos.
Background. Patients with advanced heart failure (HF) under inotropic treatment tend to sinus tachycardia, mainly due to: 1) neuroendocrine compensatory effect, 2) pharmacological effect, 3) impossibility of using beta-blockers because they interfere with the inotropic effect. Objectives. To evaluate the hemodynamic effect of ivabradine on sinus tachycardia during the treatment of advanced HF under aortic balloon pump using pulmonary catheterization. Material and methods. Between January 1, 2014 and May 1, 2020, all patients admitted to the critical cardiology area for acute HF of ischemic-necrotic etiology refractory to oral pharmacological treatment and indication of inotropic drugs and aortic balloon pump were prospectively included, in sinus rhythm with more than 110 beats per minute (bpm) of heart rate. Results. The study included 55 patients (33 men) with a mean age of 61.9 years. Post-treatment with ivabradine, the heart rate decreased from 118±5 bpm to 93±8 bpm (p=0.0002), the cardiac minute volume increased from 4637±610 ml to 5176±527 ml (p=0.03) and mean stroke volume increased significantly from 39.29±5.2 to 55.65±7.7 ml (p=0.002). No significant differences were observed before and after treatment in the recordings of the pressures of the right atrium or in the pulmonary capillary pressures, as well as in the calculations of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. No adverse effects of the drugs were observed until five half-lives after stopping it. Conclusions. Ivabradine improves the effectiveness of aortic balloon pump evaluated by means of a Swan Ganz catheter in patients with advanced HF treated with inotropic agents.
Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) avançada em tratamento inotrópico tendem a apresentar taquicardia sinusal, principalmente devido a: 1) efeito compensatório neuroendócrino, 2) efeito farmacológico, 3) impossibilidade de uso de betabloqueadores por interferirem no efeito inotrópico. Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito hemodinâmico da ivabradina na taquicardia sinusal durante o tratamento da IC avançada sob contrapulsação aórtica por cateterismo pulmonar. Material e métodos. Entre 1º de Janeiro de 2014 e 1º de Maio de 2020, foram incluídos prospectivamente todos os pacientes admitidos na área de cardiologia crítica por IC aguda de etiologia isquêmico-necrótica refratária ao tratamento farmacológico oral e indicação de inotrópicos e de balão de contrapulsação intra-aórtico, em ritmo sinusal com mais de 110 batimentos por minuto (bpm) de frequência cardíaca. Resultados. O estudo incluiu 55 pacientes (33 homens) com idade média de 61,9 anos. Após o tratamento com ivabradina, a frequência cardíaca caiu de 118±5 bpm para 93±8 bpm (p=0,0002), o volume minuto cardíaco aumentou de 4637±610 ml para 5176±527 ml (p=0,03) e o volume sistólico médio aumentou significativamente de 39,29±5,2 para 55,65±7,7 ml (p=0,002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas antes e após o tratamento nos registros das pressões do átrio direito ou nas pressões capilares pulmonares, bem como nos cálculos da resistência vascular sistêmica e pulmonar. Nenhum efeito adverso dos medicamentos foi observado até cinco meias-vidas após a descontinuação. Conclusões. A ivabradina melhora a eficácia da contrapulsação aórtica avaliada por meio de um cateter de Swan Ganz em pacientes com IC avançada tratados com agentes inotrópicos.
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[Abstract] Objective To monitor the hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine in heatstroke rats and the improvement of the responsiveness and inflammation by hydrocortisone. Methods Rats were randomized into 4 groups, saline control group, saline heatstroke group, hydrocortisone control group, and hydrocortisone heatstroke group. The carotid blood pressure was monitored in the four groups of rats under anesthesia. The following three parts of experiments were conducted with the sample size 8 in each part of the experiment. (1) The experiment of noradrenaline at two loading doses (1 μg/kg) i.v.. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and interval time between blood pressure rising and dropping to the baseline were observed in groups of rats after receiving two loading doses of noradrenaline. (2) The experiment of constant low-dose norepinephrine [25 μg/(kg.h)] by continuous pumping injection. The blood pressure level and survival time were observed. (3) The experiment to detect biochemical indicators related to responsiveness. Four groups of rats receiving constant low-dose norepinephrine were sacrificed, and the serum and aortic tissues were collected to measure serum vasodilators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2), hormones (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone), pro-inflammatory factors (nuclear factor κB, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1β) and α1 adrenergic receptor mRNA expression levels in aortic tissues. Results (1) Compared with the saline control group, the mean arterial pressure and interval time between blood pressure rising and dropping to the baseline were significantly decreased in the saline heatstroke group after receiving noradrenaline injection at a loading dose compared with the normal saline control group, especially after the second dose. The hydrocortisone heatstroke group had higher MAP and longer interval time than the saline heatstroke group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) The mean arterial pressure level of the saline heatstroke group was significantly lower than that of the saline control group after receiving a constant low dose of norepinephrine. The mean arterial pressure in the hydrocortisone heatstroke group was increased compared with the saline heatstroke group, and the survival time was prolonged. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). (3) The serum nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone of the saline heatstroke group were not significantly different from those of the saline control group. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors were significantly increased, and the mRNA levels of α1 adrenergic receptors in the aorta were significantly reduced in the saline heatstroke group compared with the saline control group. The decreased pro-inflammatory factors and increased mRNA of α1 adrenergic receptors in the aorta were observed in the hydrocortisone heatstroke group compared with the saline heatstroke group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine was demonstrated in the heatstroke rats with circulatory failure. Hydrocortisone could increase MAP and survival time, improve the hyporesponsiveness, reduce the inflammatory cytokines and increase the aortic adrenergic receptor expression.
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Resumen Introducción: La utilidad clínica del péptido natriurético cerebral (NT-proBNP) como marcador pronóstico en pacientes pediátricos con falla cardíaca es controversial. El puntaje inotrópico vasoactivo 24 horas después de la operación cardíaca en pacientes pediátricos es un importante predictor de morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatoria. Objetivo: Determinar si existe correlación entre los valores séricos de NT-proBNP y el puntaje inotrópico vasoactivo a las 24 horas posteriores a la intervención cardíaca en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en una unidad de terapia intensiva. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Spearman (rs) entre la cifra sérica de NT-proBNP y el puntaje inotrópico máximo tomados ambos a las 24 horas del postoperatorio. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p menor que 0.05. Resultados: Se incluyó a 40 pacientes, 52.5% del sexo masculino, 72.5% era mayor de un año de edad al momento de la operación. Se encontró una baja correlación (rs = 0.26) entre las concentraciones séricos de NT-proBNP y el puntaje inotrópico vasoactivo máximo a las 24 horas; dicha correlación no fue estadísticamente significativa (p = 0.09). Conclusiones: Este estudio es el primero en investigar la correlación entre estos marcadores y los resultados podrían sentar un antecedente que marque el inicio de múltiples investigaciones, con la finalidad de establecer nuevas herramientas diagnósticas, pronósticas y terapéuticas.
Abstract Introduction: The clinical utility of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a prognostic marker in pediatric patients with heart failure is controversial. The maximum vasoactive inotropic score at 24 h after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients is an important predictor of morbidity and postoperative mortality. Objective: To determine if there is a correlation between the serum levels of NT-proBNP and the maximum vasoactive inotropic score at 24 hours after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients seen in the Intensive Care Unit. Material and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study. A Spearman correlation analysis (rs) was performed between the serum level of NT-proBNP and the maximum inotropic score both taken at 24 hours postoperatively. A value of p less 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 40 patients were included, 52.5% to the male sex, 72.5% were older than 1 year of age at the time of surgery. A low correlation (rs = 0.26) was found between the serum levels of NT-proBNP and the maximum vasoactive inotropic score at 24 hours, this correlation was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Conclusions: To our understanding, the present study is the first to investigate whether there is a correlation between these markers, so our results could set an important precedent that marks the beginning of multiple investigations in our critically ill patients in order to establish new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Peptide Fragments/blood , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Heart Failure/surgery , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Postoperative Period , Prognosis , Biomarkers/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Critical IllnessABSTRACT
Background: Vernonia amygdalina is a common medicinal plant that is widely used by local communities and traditional herbalists in central Uganda in management of various conditions including hypertension that occurs as a result of changes in heart contractility. However, there is limited scientific information of V. amygdalina effects on the force and rate of contractility of the heart. The study evaluated the inotropic and chronotropic effect of methanol, aqueous, ether and total crude leaf extracts of V. amygdalina on isolated perfused rabbit heart.Methods: An experimental laboratory based study determined the effects of V. amygdalina extracts on the rate and force of contraction isolated perfused rabbit using the Langendorff抯 heart perfusion experiment and methods. The heart rate (beats/minute) was counted per minute. The force of contraction of the heart was determined measuring the height of each peak on the kymogram.Results: The findings showed that the force and rate of heart contractility reduced with increasing doses of methanol, aqueous ether and total crude leaf extracts at doses of 0.5, 8.0, 62.0 and 250.0 mg/ml. The force and rate of heart contractility at a dose of 250.0 mg/ml for all the extracts were comparable to that of acetylcholine drug to almost causing cardiac arrest.Conclusions: The leaf extracts of V. amygdalina contain compounds that reduced the force and rate of contraction of an isolated rabbit heart.
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Resumen: El choque cardiogénico es la mayor catástrofe del infarto agudo al miocardio y de las cardiopatías en general. Se define como un estado en el cual el gasto cardiaco es ineficiente para perfundir y oxigenar los tejidos, por lo que se manifiesta con signos de hipoperfusión tisular y congestión capilar. Aunque las últimas guías no exijan el diagnóstico por medio de medidas hemodinámicas, el basarse sólo en lo clínico puede generar errores hasta en 30%. Las causas se dividen en isquémicas y no isquémicas, siendo la primera la más común. Pese a la aparición de nuevos dispositivos mecánicos, aunados al soporte médico, sólo se ha demostrado la mejora de los desenlaces con las terapias endovasculares.
Abstract: Cardiogenic shock (CSh) is the major catastrophe of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart disease in general. It is defined as a state in which cardiac output (CO) is inefficient to perfuse and oxygenate tissues, which is why it manifests with signs of tissue hypoperfusion and capillary congestion. Although the latest guidelines do not require diagnosis with hemodynamic measures, relying only on the clinical can generate errors up to 30%. The causes are divided into ischemic (AMI) and non-ischemic, with the former being the most common. Despite the appearance of new mechanical devices, coupled with medical support, it has only shown the improvement of outcomes with endovascular therapies.
Resumo: O choque cardiológico (ChC) é a principal catástrofe do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e das cardiopatias em geral. Definida como um estado no qual o débito cardíaco (DC) é ineficiente para perfundir e oxigenar os tejidos, razão pela qual se manifiesta com sinais de hipoperfusão tecidual e congestão capilar. Embora as diretrizes mais recentes não exijam diagnóstico por meio de medidas hemodinâmicas, depender apenas da clínica pode gerar erros de até 30%. As causas são divididas em isquêmicas (IAM) e não isquêmicas, sendo a primeira a mais comum. Apesar do surgimento de novos dispositivos mecânicos aliados ao suporte médico, só demonstrou-se a melhora dos resultados com terapias endovasculares.
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Objective: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the timing of first extubation and compare the outcome of patient extubated early with others; we also evaluated the predictors of early extubation in our cohort. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included children <1 year of age undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. Timing of first extubation was noted, and patients were dichotomized in the group taking 6 h after completion of surgery as cutoff for early extubation. The outcome of the patients extubated early was compared with those who required prolonged ventilation. Variables were compared between the groups, and predictors of early extubation were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred and ninety-four (33.8%) patients were extubated early including 2 extubation in operating room and 406 (70.7%) were extubated within 24 h. Four (0.7%) patients died without extubation. No significant difference in mortality and reintubation was observed between groups. Patient extubated early had a significant lower incidence of sepsis (P = 0.003) and duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (P = 0.000). Age <6 months, risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery category ≥3, cardiopulmonary bypass time ≥80 min, aortic cross-clamp time ≥ 60 min, and vasoactive-inotropic score >10 were independently associated with prolonged ventilation. Conclusion: Early extubation in infants postcardiac surgery lowers pediatric ICU stay and sepsis without increasing the risk of mortality or reintubation. Age more than 6 months, less complex of procedure, shorter surgery time, and lower inotropic requirement are independent predictors of early extubation.
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Resumen La falla cardiaca en una patología poco reconocida en la edad pediátrica y tiene una alta tasa de mortalidad al no ser diagnosticada en forma temprana. Se hace una revisión del diagnóstico, la estratificación y el manejo actual de la falla cardiaca en niños y se mencionan las nuevas terapias actualmente en investigación.
Abstract Heart failure is a little known condition at paediatric age, and has a high mortality rate on not being diagnosed early. A review is presented on its diagnosis, stratification, and current management of heart failure in children, as well the new therapies currently under investigation.
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Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cardiotonic Agents , Heart Failure , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , CardiomyopathiesABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: El uso de vasopresores en choque séptico es parte fundamental del tratamiento. El uso de un puntaje que integre los múltiples vasopresores e inotrópicos como LVIS (levosimendan vasopressor inotropic score), puede ser de utilidad para el seguimiento y pronóstico de estos pacientes. Se ha estudiado en población pediátrica y no ha sido validada en población adulta. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, retrolectivo en pacientes adultos admitidos a UCI con diagnóstico de choque séptico con el fin de investigar si el puntaje LVIS es capaz de predecir mortalidad y lesión renal aguda. Seguimiento a 30 días. Resultados: Incluimos 77 pacientes, 24 (21.2%) pacientes murieron y 41 (53.23%) presentaron lesión renal aguda. Se observó un AUC (área bajo la curva) para LVIS 0.89 con un punto de corte de 21.3 (sensibilidad 50% y especificidad de 82%). El puntaje LVIS > 21.3 con RR 2.09 (IC95% 1.15-3.7, p = 0.003) y un HR de 3.8 (IC95% 1.5-9.3, p = 0.003), LR+ 2.81 y LR- 0.61 para mortalidad. LVIS no fue significativo para predecir LRA (lesión renal aguda). Conclusiones: LVIS es útil para predecir mortalidad en choque séptico, con un punto de corte 21.3. Es necesario continuar estudios para validarlo en población adulta con otras formas de choque.
Abstract: Introduction: Vasopressors have a fundamental roll in the treatment of septic shock. LVIS (levosimendan vasopressor inotropic score) as a score that integrates the main vasopressors and inotropic drugs may be useful for monitoring and prognosis. It's been studied in pediatric population, but not validated in adult patients so far. Material and methods: Retrospective, longitudinal, retrolective study in adults admitted in ICU with septic shock. We looked to investigate if LVIS score is useful to predict mortality and acute kidney injury in ICU, with a follow-up of 30 days. Results: We included 77 patients, 24 (21.2%) patients died and 41 (53.23%) developed acute kidney injury. LVIS had an AUC of 0.89 with a cut-off of 21.3 (50% sensitivity and 82% of specificity). LVIS score above the cut-off 21.3, had RR 2.09 (CI95% 1.15-3.7, p = 0.003), HR de 3.8 (CI 1.5-9.3, p = 0.003), LR+ 2.81 and LR- 0.61 for mortality. LVIS could not predict AKI (acute kidney). Conclusions: LVIS score is useful to predict mortality in patients with septic shock, with a cut-off of 21.3. More research is left to be done to validate this score in other forms of shock in adult population.
Resumo: Introdução: O uso de vasopressores no choque séptico é uma parte fundamental do tratamento. O uso de um escore que integra múltiplos vasopressores e drogas inotrópicas como o LVIS (Levosimendan Vasopressor Inotropic Score), pode ser útil para o acompanhamento e prognóstico desses pacientes. Foi estudado na população pediátrica e não foi validado na população adulta. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, retrolectivo em pacientes adultos admitidos na UTI com o diagnóstico de choque séptico para investigar se o escore LVIS é capaz de predizer a mortalidade e a lesão renal aguda em um acompanhamento de 30 dias. Resultados: Foram incluídos 77 pacientes, 24 (21.2%) pacientes morreram e 41 (53.23%) apresentaram lesão renal aguda. Uma AUC (área sob a curva) foi observada para LVIS 0.89 com um ponto de corte de 21.3 (sensibilidade 50% e especificidade 82%). O escore LVIS > 21.3 com RR 2.09 (IC95% 1.15-3.7, p = 0.003) e uma HR de 3.8 (IC95% 1.5-9.3, p = 0.003), LR + 2.81 e LR -0.61 para mortalidade. O LVIS não foi significativa na predição da LRA (lesão renal aguda). Conclusões: O LVIS é útil para prever a mortalidade no choque séptico, com um ponto de corte de 21.3. É necessário continuar os estudos para validá-lo na população adulta com outras formas de choque.
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Resumen La falla cardiaca en pacientes pediátricos es una patología poco conocida, que acarrea alta tasa de mortalidad, con sintomatología que puede ser muy inespecífica. Se hace la revisión, presentación, clasificación, fisiopatología y el manejo actual de la falla cardiaca en pacientes pediátricos.
Abstract Heart failure in paediatric patients is a little known condition, but it has a high mortality rate, and with symptoms that can be very non-specific. A review is made of its presentation, classification, pathophysiology and current management of heart failure in paediatric patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Failure , Cardiomyopathies , Cardiotonic Agents , Heart Defects, CongenitalABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: La hemodinamia es la parte de la biofísica que se encarga del estudio anatómico y funcional del corazón, de la dinámica de la sangre en el interior de las estructuras sanguíneas, así como de la mecánica del corazón. Objetivo: Comparar la hemodinamia con el dispositivo no invasivo USCOM antes y después de presentar hemorragia controlada. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio tipo observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal y comparativo en pacientes de entre 16 y 65 años de edad en un periodo de seis meses como fecha corte para este premio académico (marzo de 2016-proyecto aún en curso). Resultados: Se obtuvieron promedios de las diferentes variables hemodinámicas, de precarga, postcarga e inotropismo, observando cambios tempranos a la exanguinación de los pacientes, siendo principalmente las resistencias vasculares sistémicas las que se modifican. Discusión: Existen cambios hemodinámicos tempranos a la exanguinación de pequeñas cantidades de sangre en los pacientes, cambios determinados por el sistema USCOM, sistema fácil de usar, no invasivo y preciso en los resultados ofrecidos. Conclusiones: En este estudio podemos observar cómo las variables relacionadas a la postcarga (resistencias vasculares sistémicas) son las primeras variables que se modifican, por lo que con la pérdida de pequeñas cantidades de sangre llegamos a observar esto.
Abstract: Introduction: Hemodynamics is the part of biophysics that is responsible for the anatomical and functional study of the heart, the dynamics of blood inside the blood structures as well as the mechanics of the heart. Objective: To compare the hemodynamics of our patients with the non-invasive device USCOM, before and after presenting with controlled hemorrhage. Material and methods: An observational, prospective, longitudinal and comparative study was performed in patients between the ages of 16 and 65 in a period of 6 months as a cutoff date for this academic award. (March 2016-ongoing). Results: We obtained averages of the different hemodynamic variables, both preload, afterload and inotropism, observing early changes to the exanguination of the patients, being mainly the systemic vascular resistances that are modified. Discussion: There are early hemodynamic changes to the exanguination of small amounts of blood in the patients, changes determined by the USCOM system, system easy to use, non-invasive and accurate results offered. Conclusions: In this study we can observe how the variables related to afterload (systemic vascular resistance) are the first variables that are modified, so that with the loss of small amounts of blood we get to observe this.
Resumo: Introdução: A hemodinâmica é a parte da biofísica responsável pelo estudo anatômico e funcional do coração, da dinâmica do sangue dentro das estruturas sangüíneas, bem como a mecânica do coração. Objetivo: Comparar a hemodinâmica com o dispositivo USCOM não invasivo, antes e após a apresentação da hemorragia controlada. Material e metodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal e comparativo em pacientes entre 16 e 65 anos de idade, em um período de 6 meses, como data limite para este prêmio acadêmico (Março de 2016 - projeto ainda em andamento). Resultados: Obtivemos as médias das diferentes variáveis hemodinâmicas, tanto de pré-carga, pós-carga e inotropismo, observando as alterações precoces na exanguinação dos pacientes, sendo principalmente as resistências vasculares sistêmicas aquelas que são modificadas. Discussão: Existem alterações hemodinâmicas precoces na exsanguinação de pequenas quantidades de sangue nos pacientes, mudanças determinadas pelo sistema USCOM fáceis de usar, não invasivas e precisas nos resultados oferecidos. Conclusões: Neste estudo podemos observar como as variáveis relacionadas à pós-carga (resistência vascular sistêmica) são as primeiras variáveis que são modificadas, de modo que com a perda de pequenas quantidades de sangue podemos observar isso.
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Objective To evaluate the vasoactive-inotropic score(VIS) as a predictor of outcome in children following surgery for congenital heart disease.Methods A retrospective chart review of 472 children undergoing cardiac surgery with bypass.VIS values were calculated during the first 72 postoperative hours,and the maximum and mean scores in the first,second and third 24 postoperative hours [VIS (24max),VIS (24mean),VIS (48max),VIS (48mean),VIS (72max),VIS (72mean)] were also recorded.Chi-test,t-test,and ROC curves were performed for the association between VIS and the clinical outcomes.Results ROC analysis indicated the VIS (24max) was strongly associated with poor outcomes (AUROC =0.919,P =0.000).And the high V IS (24max) defi ned as 19.5 and above,which may lead poor outcomes (J =0.70).When the interplay between a range of factors was controlled,only lactate and VIS(24max) was related to the prognosis.Conclusion Maximum VIS calculated in the first 24 hours[VIS(24max)] after PICU admission was strongly and significantly associated with clinical outcomes in children after cardiac surgery.The greater the VIS,the worse the illness,the poorer the outcome,the higher the mortality.