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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 23(4): e20231527, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520281

ABSTRACT

Abstract Understanding the diversity of insect galls is pivotal to the establishment of conservation planning in different Brazilian ecosystems. Here, we (1) characterize the insect galls found on plant host species, (2) identify the gall-inducing insects to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and (3) record the presence of gall-associated fauna. Our study was carried out monthly from August, 2017 to July, 2018 along nine trails in Serra da Bandeira, which is located in an area of Cerrado stricto sensu over a year. We found 48 distinct gall morphotypes, belonging to 12 botanical families. The most morphotypes commonly found were globoid (27.1%), lenticular (27.1%) and cylindrical (25%). The plant organs most affected by galling insects were the leaves (73%), followed by the stem (19%), flower (4%), inflorescence (2%) and fruits (2%). The host botanical families holding the highest number of galls were Fabaceae (26), Malpighiaceae (5) and Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae (3). We observed that the genus Copaifera Lindl. (Fabaceae) had the greatest diversity of gall morphotypes, harboring 19 morphotypes distributed in three species that occur sympatrically - Copaifera sabulicola J. Costa (Fabaceae), Copaifera depilis Dwyer (Fabaceae) and Copaifera luetzelburgii Harms (Fabaceae). For the first time in Brazil, we recorded the occurrence of galls on flowers of Manihot caerulescens (Euphorbiaceae), on inflorescences of Mimosa acutistipula (Fabaceae) and flower buds of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae), which were induced by Cecidomyiidae. Inducers of the order Diptera (Family Cecidomyiidae) were the most abundant, found in 14 morphotypes of galls. Regarding the associated fauna, we found insects primarily belonging the order Hymenoptera, and identified them as parasitoids. The information provided can be used highly by decision makers for conservation programs, as well as in other strategies for the conservation of biological diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado.


Resumo Compreender a diversidade de galhas de insetos é fundamental para o estabelecimento de planos de conservação em diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros. Aqui, nós (1) caracterizamos as galhas de insetos encontradas em espécies de plantas hospedeiras, (2) identificamos os insetos indutores de galhas até o nível taxonômico mais baixo possível e (3) registramos a presença de fauna associada a galhas. Nosso estudo foi realizado mensalmente de agosto de 2017 a julho de 2018 ao longo de nove trilhas na Serra da Bandeira, que está localizada em uma área de Cerrado stricto sensu ao longo de um ano. Encontramos 48 morfotipos distintos de galhas, pertencentes a 12 famílias botânicas. Os morfotipos mais comumente encontrados foram globoide (27,1%), lenticular (27,1%) e cilíndrico (25%). Os órgãos vegetais mais afetados pelos insetos galhadores foram as folhas (73%), seguidas do caule (19%), flor (4%), inflorescência (2%) e frutos (2%). As famílias botânicas hospedeiras com maior número de galhas foram Fabaceae (26), Malpighiaceae (5) e Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae e Euphorbiaceae (3). Observamos que o gênero Copaifera Lindl. (Fabaceae) apresentou a maior diversidade de morfotipos de galhas, abrigando 19 morfotipos distribuídos em três espécies que ocorrem simpatriicamente - Copaifera sabulicola J. Costa (Fabaceae), Copaifera depilis Dwyer (Fabaceae) e Copaifera luetzelburgii Harms (Fabaceae). Pela primeira vez no Brasil, registramos a ocorrência de galhas em flores de Manihot caerulescens (Euphorbiaceae), em inflorescências de Mimosa acutistipula (Fabaceae) e em botões florais de Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae), induzidas por Cecidomyiidae. Indutores da ordem Diptera (Família Cecidomyiidae) foram os mais abundantes, encontrados em 14 morfotipos de galhas. Em relação à fauna associada, encontramos insetos pertencentes principalmente à ordem Hymenoptera, e os identificamos como parasitóides. As informações fornecidas podem ser utilizadas por tomadores de decisão para programas de conservação, bem como em outras estratégias para a conservação da diversidade biológica no Cerrado brasileiro.

2.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 67(4): e20230055, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529831

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Gall-inducing insects are highly specialized herbivores as they have the ability to control and redirect the development of host plants to obtain food and shelter. The distribution of galls on plants can be influenced by seasonality and phenological events, which determines the reproductive success of these insects. The species Manihot caerulescens Pohl (Euphorbiaceae) has a great diversity of gall-inducing insects in the Cerrado of Western Bahia. Our study aimed to (1) study the fauna associated with M. caerulescens Pohl (Euphorbiaceae) and (2) evaluate the phenological events of this host plant species. We performed gall collections between July 2018 and June 2020 and monitored 30 individuals of the host species to study the phenology in the Serra da Bandeira, Bahia, Brazil. The emerged insects in the laboratory were mounted on permanent slides and identified. We found galls on the stems, leaves and inflorescences. Stem galls were induced by lepidopterans (Alucitidae), and leaf and inflorescence galls by Iatrophobia brasiliensis Rübsaamen, 1915 (Cecidomyiidae). Further, we showed that I. brasiliensis preferentially induced galls on the leaves, however during the dry season, galls were induced on the inflorescences. Although the induction of galls on the leaves by I. brasiliensis has already been reported in the literature, here for the first time we record the presence of galls on the inflorescences induced by the same gall-inducing species. Our study constitutes an important contribution towards the knowledge of the insect-plant interaction between M. caerulescens and I. brasiliensis in the Cerrado of Bahia.

3.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 29(3): e22729, July-Set. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409967

ABSTRACT

Abstract The genus Capsicum, native to tropical and subtropical America, belongs to the Solanaceae family, which includes commercially important vegetables such as chilies and green peppers. The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes losses to vegetables including Capsicum species. Among the alternatives of pest control, an effective, economical, and environmentally compatible method is the resistance of the host plant. Infestation by B. tabaci was evaluated in 73 Capsicum genotypes, corresponding to the species C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. sinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens from an Ecuadorian genebank. Eighty-four percent of the C. baccatum genotypes evaluated showed the highest population densities of B. tabaci, while all the genotypes of C. sinense and C. frutescens had the lowest values (p < 0.05). The non-preference of adults and the scarce oviposition of B. tabaci on genotypes of C. sinense and C. frutescens suggests resistance due to antixenosis. These results could guide breeding programs for the resistance of Capsicum species to B. tabaci infestations.


Resumen El género Capsicum es nativo de América tropical y subtropical, pertenece a la familia Solanaceae e incluye ajíes y pimientos, que son hortalizas comercialmente importantes. La mosca blanca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ocasiona pérdidas en hortalizas incluyendo especies de Capsicum. Entre las alternativas de control de plagas, un método eficaz, económico y ambientemente compatible es la resistencia de la planta hospedera. Se evaluó la infestación por B. tabaci en 73 genotipos de Capsicum nativos de Ecuador, correspondientes a las especies C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens y C. pubescens, provenientes de un banco de germoplasma ecuatoriano. El 84% de los genotipos de C. baccatum evaluados mostraron las mayores densidades poblacionales de B. tabaci, mientras que los menores valores los tuvieron todos los genotipos de C. sinense y C. frutescens (p < 0.05). La no preferencia de adultos y la escasa oviposición de B. tabaci sobre genotipos de C. sinense y C. frutescens sugiere resistencia por antixenosis. Estos resultados podrían orientar programas de mejoramiento genético para la resistencia de especies de Capsicum ante infestaciones por B. tabaci.

4.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 66(3): e20220016, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407490

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The garden fleahopper, Microtechnites bractatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is associated with several cultivated plant species and, despite its economic importance, little is known about its development and performance in such hosts. We described here, the morphology of immature stages, and evaluated the biology of M. bractatus in beans, potatoes, white clover, alfalfa, and wheat. The bioassays were carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25±2ºC), humidity (UR70±15%), and photoperiod (12L:12D). The eggs of M. bractatus are elongated and slightly curved, without respiratory projections and light yellow in color, becoming dark at the end of the incubation period. Nymphs present an oval-shaped body, a reddish color that intensifies along with the development and dimorphic wing pads in the fifth instar. In the bioassays, the host plants influenced the biological aspects of M. bractatus, both in the immature and adult stages. Nymph survival was higher in clover and alfalfa, while in wheat, it was lower. Clover-fed insects had the longest longevity. The fecundity parameters and egg viability were favored in insects that fed on clover and alfalfa. The fertility life table showed that feeding M. bractatus with clover provides a higher net reproduction rate (R0) and a higher finite ratio of population increase (ʎ). This study contributes to bioecological and behavioral studies on M. bractatus and provides data for the recognition and characterization of individuals in the immature stage.

5.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 28(3)jul. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1508868

ABSTRACT

This study reports Pachybrachis sp. association with a new host, Spermacoce verticillata L. (Rubiaceae). It synthesizes Brazil locality records and host plant records from literature. Specimens of adults and larvae were collected on the host in an urban area of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Larvae and adults were reared on the host plant in the laboratory, using fresh plant tissue daily.


Este estudio presenta la asociación de Pachybrachis sp. con un nuevo huésped, Spermacoce verticillata L. (Rubiaceae). En este trabajo se dan a conocer las localidades registradas en Brasil para la especie y los registros de plantas huésped mencionados en la literatura. Se recolectaron especímenes de adultos y larvas sobre el huésped en un área urbana de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Las larvas y los adultos se criaron en la planta huésped en el laboratorio, utilizando tejido vegetal fresco a diario.

6.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437873

ABSTRACT

The Midwest region of Brazil possesses large areas dominated by the Cerrado that is poorly known concerning insect gall and their interactions. In this study, we inventory the gall morphology, host plants, and the gall makers from Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, in areas of natural vegetation from Cerrado, for the first time. Samplings occurred in two expeditions, July 2012 and January 2013. We characterized 295 morphotypes of insect galls in 140 host plant species, with 89 gall makers; the richest family in host plants was Fabaceae (16.7%), and the species was Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae, 3.7%). Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães is the richest Brazilian cerrado area in gall morphotypes (295) and the second in average morphotypes/host plant species (2.1). Additionally, six genera and 38 species are new records as host plants; two of them, Bernardia similis Pax and K.Hoffm and Ormosia macrophylla Benth., are new occurrences for Mato Grosso State, and other two, Vochysia petraea Warm. and Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. are listed in the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN. This inventory data represents a testimony of insect-plant interactions in a Brazilian Cerrado area that was consumed by an unprecedented fire in the dry season of 2020.


A região Centro-Oeste do Brasil possui grandes áreas dominadas pelo Cerrado nas quais insetos e suas interações são pouco conhecidos. Neste estudo, fizemos o inventário de galhas, plantas hospedeiras e galhadores do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, uma área de vegetação natural de Cerrado. As amostragens foram realizadas em duas expedições, em julho de 2012 e janeiro de 2013. Caracterizamos 295 morfotipos de galhas de insetos em 140 espécies de plantas hospedeiras; com identificação de 89 galhadores; a família de plantas com maior número de espécies hospedeiras de galhas foi Fabaceae (16,7%) e a espécie com maior número de galhas, Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae, 3,7%). Esta é a área mais rica em morfotipos de galhas do cerrado brasileiro (295) e a segunda na média de morfotipos/espécie de planta hospedeira (2,1). Além disso, seis gêneros e 38 espécies são registros novos de ocorrência de plantas hospedeiras para galhas de insetos; duas delas, Bernardia similis Pax and K.Hoffm and Ormosia macrophylla Benth., são registros novos para o Estado do Mato Grosso e outras duas, Vochysia petraea Warm. and Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. estão listadas na Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas IUCN. Os dados desse inventário representam um testemunho das interações inseto-planta para o Cerrado no Brasil, em uma área que foi consumida por um incêndio sem precedentes na estação seca de 2020.

7.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 22(1): e20211250, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355772

ABSTRACT

Abstract: An overview of insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil is presented. We used the Web of Science database to find publications about insect galls from 1988 to 2020. We analyzed 88 publications and collected data from 51 of those. A total of 487 gall morphotypes were counted on 157 plant species of 42 genera. This value singled out Asteraceae as the richest plant family in number of gall morphotypes in Brazil. Most morphotypes were recorded in the Atlantic Forest (41%) and Cerrado (30.5%), the most surveyed biomes in Brazil. Baccharis L. supported the greatest gall richness (43.9%), which could be explained by the hypotheses of geographic area and taxon size. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. and B. platypoda DC. were indicated as superhost species. Most galls were induced on stems (52.2%), a pattern known in Asteraceae for gall-inducing Tephritidae and Chloropidae, and extended in the present study to Cecidomyiidae. Most galls were fusiform (42.5%), which can be related to the highest number of gall on stems. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most frequent inducers, as observed worldwide. The presence of other dwellers - parasitoids, cecidophages, kleptoparasites, and successors - were reported in 8.8% of the gall morphotypes, being parasitoids the most frequent, as found in other Brazilian publications. Most host plants (58%) are endemic to Brazil, 14% are useful and few are vulnerable or endangered (six and four species, respectively). Due to the high host specificity, the gall-inducers associated with these plants can also be considered either endemic, important, vulnerable and/or endangered, respectively.


Resumo: Um panorama geral das galhas de insetos em Asteraceae no Brasil é apresentado. Usamos a base de dados "Web of Science" para encontrar publicações sobre galhas de insetos de 1988 a 2020. Analisamos 88 publicações no total, porém obtivemos dados de apenas 51. Um total de 487 morfotipos de galhas foi contabilizado em 157 espécies de plantas de 42 gêneros. Este valor indica as Asteraceae como a família botânica mais rica em número de morfotipos de galhas no Brasil. A maioria dos morfotipos foi registrada na Mata Atlântica (41%) e no Cerrado (30.5%), biomas mais investigados no Brasil. Baccharis L. suportou a maior riqueza de galhas (43.9%), o que poderia ser explicado pelas hipóteses de área geográfica e tamanho do táxon. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. E B. platypoda DC. foram indicadas como as espécies super hospedeiras. A maioria das galhas foi induzida em caules (52.2%), um padrão conhecido em Asteraceae para Tephritidae e Chloropidae indutores de galhas, e estendido no presente estudo para Cecidomyiidae. A maioria das galhas foi fusiforme (42.5%), o que pode estar relacionado ao maior número de galhas em caule. Os Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) foram os indutores mais frequentes, como no mundo inteiro. A presença de outros ocupantes - parasitoides, cecidófagos, cleptoparasitas e sucessores - foi assinalada em 8.8% dos morfotipos de galhas, sendo os parasitoides os mais frequentes, como em outras publicações no país. A maioria das plantas hospedeiras são endêmicas do Brasil (58%), 14 são úteis e algumas são vulneráveis ou ameaçadas (seis e quatro, respectivamente). Devido à alta especificidade de plantas hospedeiras, os indutores de galhas associados a estas plantas podem ser considerados endêmicos, de importância econômica, vulneráveis e/ou ameaçados, respectivamente.

8.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 65(4): e20210107, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357040

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Among the plant diversity of the Cerrado, the genus Copaifera is commonly associated with galling insects. Here, we expand the knowledge about insect galls on Copaifera sabulicola J.A.S Costa & L.P. Queiroz (Fabaceae) by characterizing their occurrence in a stricto sensu vegetation area of the Brazilian Cerrado, Western Bahia, Brazil throughout the year. We randomly sampled 60 branches (50 cm long) from individuals of C. sabulicola, from April 2015 to March 2016. We found 11 morphotypes for C. sabulicola, of which 5 are new records. Further, we identified six gall-inducing insects, all belonging to Cecidomyiidae family. Regarding other arthropods associated with C. sabulicola, we observed inquilines, successors, and parasitoids, belonging to the orders Collembola, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Acari. The parasitoid fauna included three families of the order Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Encyrtidae and Eulophidae.

9.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 65(4): e20210071, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347227

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Galls are structures of vegetal tissue modified by several biological agents, mainly dipterans of the Cecidomyiidae family. The galls are indicators of the gall inducers' presence, because of the species-specific interaction between the gall inducer and its host plant species. The aim of this study was to expand the geographical distribution of cecidomyiids - usually known only to the type-locality - in species of Andira Lam. (Fabaceae) distributed in Brazil, through the presence of their gall morphotypes in host plants. We searched for records of gall morphotypes in Andira species in all inventories of insect galls in Brazilian biomes and in virtual herbaria in Brazilian and abroad institutions. We found six species of Andira with forty-nine registers of 20 morphotypes of galls induced by cecidomyiids. They were from 35 localities; of those, 15 Municipalities, five States and the Federal District are new points of occurrence. We found three new registers for the fusiform gall in A. fraxinifolia, four registers for the fusiform gall in A. humilis, two new registers for the lenticular gall in A. nitida, and six new registers for three morphotypes in A. vermifuga. No new records were found for the morphotypes of A. cujabensis and A. surinamensis. These results indicate that digital tools, combined with well-illustrated inventory data, are capable to expand knowledge about the distribution of cecidomyiids through the recognition of their specific marker, the morphotypes.

10.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 21(3): e20211190, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285465

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The Pantanal Biome occupies 20% of the Brazilian territory extending its distribution over two Brazilian States, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. This Biome is one of Brazil's poorly known regions concerning insect gall and their interactions with host plants. In this study, we characterized for the first time the gall morphology, identified host plants and the gall makers from an area of Brazilian wetlands from Mato Grosso State, known as Pantanal Matogrossense. We sampled Pantanal Biome areas in Poconé municipality, along the Transpantaneira Road, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in two expeditions, July 2012 and January 2013, with a total effort of 2 hours. We characterized 91 morphotypes of insect galls in 54 host plant species; 28 gall makers in 24 host plant species; the richest host plant families are Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and Sapindaceae. Psidium guineense Sw. is the super host species. This area in Pantanal Matogrossense is the second in the richness of gall morphotypes (N=91) and average morphotypes/plant species (1.7), comparing phytophysiognomies. Additionally, 15 plant species are new record as host in galler-host plant interaction in the world. This number represents 30% of the total of host plant species sampled in Poconé. This inventory is new knowledge to the Pantanal Matogrossense and representing a unique testimony of insect-plant interactions consumed by the unprecedented fire that occurred in Pantanal Biome in the dry season of 2020.


Resumo: O Bioma Pantanal ocupa 20% do território brasileiro estendendo sua distribuição sobre dois Estados brasileiros, Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. Esta é uma das regiões menos estudadas do Brasil com relação aos insetos e suas interações. Neste estudo, caracterizamos pela primeira vez a morfologia de galhas, identificamos plantas hospedeiras e galhadores em áreas do Pantanal Norte, conhecido como Pantanal Matogrossense. As amostragens foram feitas em áreas do Bioma Pantanal, no município de Poconé, ao longo da Estrada Transpantaneira, Mato Grosso, Brasil em duas expedições, julho de 2012 e janeiro de 2013. Caracterizamos 91 morfotipos de galhas entomógenas em 54 espécies de plantas hospedeiras; identificamos 28 galhadores em 24 espécies de plantas hospedeiras; as famílias de plantas hospedeiras mais ricas em galhas são Fabaceae, Myrtaceae e Sapindaceae. Psidium guineense Sw. é a espécie superhospedeira. Esta área no Pantanal Matogrossense é a segunda tanto em riqueza de morfotipos de galhas (N=91) quanto na média de morfotipos por espécie de planta hospedeira (1,7), em fitofisionomias comparáveis. Além disso, 15 espécies de plantas são novos registros como hospedeiras para galhas de insetos no mundo. Esse número representa 30% do total de plantas amostradas em Poconé. Todos os dados deste inventário são conhecimentos novos para o Pantanal Mato-grossense e para o estado do Mato Grosso, representando um testemunho único das interações inseto-planta que foram consumidas pelo fogo sem precedentes ocorrido no Bioma Pantanal em sua estação seca de 2020.

11.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 20(1): e20190758, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055251

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Several inventories of insect galls have been performed in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, mostly in restingas, whereas the other phytophysiognomies remain poorly sampled. The present study inventoried the insect galls of Reserva Biológica União (RJ), a protected area comprising mainly Ombrophilous Forest. Field work was performed every two months from January to October, 2013. Insect galls were collected, photographed, characterized and transported to the laboratory. Adults were obtained by rearing and immature stages by gall dissection. The insects were deposited in the Cecidomyiidae Collection of the Museu Nacional. A total of 153 gall morphotypes were found on plants representing 37 plant families, 69 genera, 55 species and 53 morphospecies. Among them, two plant genera and five species were reported for the first time as host plants in Ombrophilous Forest. REBIO União showed little similarlity of host plant species and insect gall morphotypes when compared with other investigated Ombrophilous Forest areas. The leaf was the most attacked plant organ as expected. Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, and Mikania (Asteraceae) and Myrcia (Myrtaceae) were the richest host families and genera, respectivey, in number of gall morphotypes, all previously indicated as superhosts by other Brazilian Ombrophilous Forest inventories, except Bignoniaceae. Their great species richness may be related to their great gall richness, adding evidence in support of the taxon size hypothesis. Fusiform and globose galls were the most frequent, green was the predominant color, and most morphotypes did not present an indumentum. The highest gall richness was recorded in June and August. The gallers were distributed among Diptera (Cecidomyiidae), Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, with the first being predominant, following a global pattern. Eight gall-inducing species are recorded for the first time in REBIO União and four in Ombrophilous Forest. About 25% of the gall morphotypes were occupied by dwellers other than those that created the gall. They comprised parasitoids (Hymenoptera), inquilines (Diptera: Sciaridae and Muscomorpha, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera) and successors (Psocoptera, mites, and Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Although these taxa were previously reported by Brazilian inventories of insect galls, 12 new association with plants are recorded. The amount of new records reinforces the importance of inventories.


Resumo: Vários inventários de galhas de insetos vem sendo desenvolvidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, principalmente em restingas, enquanto as outras fitofisionomias permanecem pouco estudadas. O presente estudo inventariou as galhas de insetos da Reserva Biológica União (RJ), uma área protegida ocupada principalmente por Floresta Ombrófila. Trabalhos de campo foram realizados a cada dois meses de janeiro a outubro de 2013. Galhas de insetos foram coletadas, fotografadas, caracterizadas e transportadas para o laboratório. Adultos foram obtidos por criação e os imaturos pela dissecção das galhas. Os insetos foram depositados na Coleção de Cecidomyiidae do Museu Nacional (MMRJ). Um total de 153 morfotipos de galhas foram encontrados em plantas de 37 famílias, 69 gêneros, 55 espécies e 53 morfoespécies. Dentre estas, dois gêneros botânicos e cinco espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez como plantas hospedeiras em Floresta Ombrófila. A REBIO União mostrou uma pequena similaridade de plantas hospedeiras e morfotipos de galhas quando comparada com outras áreas de Floresta Ombrófila. As folhas foram o órgão vegetal mais atacado, como o esperado. Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae e Myrtaceae, e Mikania (Asteraceae) e Myrcia (Myrtaceae) foram as famílias hospedeiras e gêneros botânicos mais ricos em número de morfotipos de galhas, todos previamente indicados como superhospedeiros em outros inventários na Floresta Ombrófila brasileira, exceto Bignoniaceae. A grande riqueza de espécies destes táxons pode estar relacionada a sua grande riqueza de galhas, adicionando evidências para a hipótese do tamanho do táxon. Galhas fusiformes e globoides foram as mais frequentes, a cor verde predominou e a maioria dos morfotipos não apresentou indumento. A maior riqueza de galhas ocorreu em junho e agosto. Diptera (Cecidomyiidae), Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera e Thysanoptera foram as ordens indutoras encontradas, com predomínio dos Cecidomyiidae, seguindo o padrão mundial. Oito espécies galhadoras são registradas pela primeira vez na REBIO União e quatro em Floresta Ombrófila. Cerca de 25% dos morfotipos de galhas foram ocupados por outros artrópodes, que atuaram como parasitoides (Hymenoptera), inquilinos (Diptera: Sciaridae and Muscomorpha, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera) e successores (Psocoptera, ácaros e Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Embora estes táxons já tivessem sido reportados em inventários de galhas de insetos do Brasil, 12 novas associações com plantas são registradas. A quantidade de novos registros reforça a importância dos inventários.

12.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 63(4): 356-362, Out.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057785

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae) were investigated in two physiognomies of the Cerrado, riparian and dry forest, in the municipality of Barreiras (Western Bahia, Brazil) from October 2012 to July 2014. Four insect gall morphotypes were found. They were characterized based on shape, color, indumentum, plant organ of occurrence and galling taxon. A new galling species, Schizomyia barreirensis, is described, illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall) and compared to other Neotropical congeneric species.

13.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 63(3): 234-237, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045574

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Lopesia leandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new galling species associated with Leandra ionopogon (Melastomataceae), a native plant species to Brazil, is described based on larva, pupal exuvia, male and female. L. leandrae galls were collected in an area of Atlantic Forest in Bertioga, state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The new species was compared to the other species of Lopesia.

14.
Rev. biol. trop ; 67(3)jun. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507522

ABSTRACT

Rubus adenotrichos is an Andean blackberry plant bearing glandular trichomes which secrete an adhesive exudate. The resin bug Heniartes stali is frequently found on this plant and collects this exudate using the forelegs to enhance its preying capacity. Here, we describe the morphology of the plant's glandular trichomes with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as the chemical components of the exudate by histochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We have also combined behavioral observations with the analysis of the insect leg morphology to identify possible morpho-functional adaptations evolved by H. stali for collecting the sticky secretions. Glandular trichomes exhibited a multicellular long stalk and a calyx-shaped head with radially aligned cells. The composition of the resinous fluid was mainly terpenes and phenolics, which may contribute to its sticky properties. Brush-like structures on the tibia of forelegs in H. stali suggests an adaptive trait for collecting the trichomes exudate. A profusely hair-covered area on metatibiae operated as a resin storage structure. Abundant pore-like openings were observed in the cuticle of this area through which substances could be conceivably secreted to prevent resin hardening. These findings combine morphological and chemical features of a fascinating insect-plant interaction in the Neotropics.


Rubus adenotrichos es una planta de mora andina que contiene tricomas glandulares los cuales secretan un exudado pegajoso. El chinche de las resinas Heniartes stali se encuentra con frecuencia en esta planta recogiendo el exudado con sus patas delanteras para mejorar su capacidad en la captura de las presas. En este trabajo empleamos microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido para describir la morfología de los tricomas. Los constituyentes químicos del exudado fueron estudiados mediante técnicas histoquímicas, de cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas. También combinamos observaciones del comportamiento del insecto en la recolección y almacenamiento del exudado con el análisis de la morfología de sus patas, empleando microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido para identificar las posibles adaptaciones morfo-funcionales desarrolladas para la manipulación de estas secreciones adhesivas. Los tricomas glandulares exhibieron un tallo largo multicelular y una cabeza glandular en forma de cáliz con células alineadas radialmente. El fluido resinoso estaba compuesto principalmente por terpenos y compuestos fenólicos, los cuales parecen contribuir con sus propiedades adhesivas. La presencia de estructuras tipo pincel en las puntas de las tibias de las patas delanteras sugieren un carácter adaptativo para recoger el exudado de los tricomas. También describimos un área en las patas traseras profusamente cubierta de pelos, que funcionaban como estructuras de almacenamiento de la resina. En la cutícula de éstas observamos abundantes aberturas similares a poros y sugerimos que a través de ellos se secretan sustancias que impiden el endurecimiento de la resina almacenada. Estos hallazgos aportan información sobre características morfológicas y químicas de un novedoso modelo de interacción insecto-planta en el neotrópico.

15.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 62(2): 125-130, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045499

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lopesia indaiensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge found causing galls on Andira fraxinifolia (Fabaceae), an endemic plant species in Brazil, is described based on larva, pupa, male and female. L. indaiensis galls were collected in Dores do Indaiá, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Larvae were removed from the galls and pupae and adults were obtained by rearing. The specimens were mounted on slides and the most important morphological characters were illustrated. The new species was compared to the other species of Lopesia.

16.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 40: 40994-40994, 20180000. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460821

ABSTRACT

We performed a scientometry to validate trends in the scientific production on phytotelmata and the importance of these microenvironments in the maintenance of biodiversity. We searched for articles in the Web of Science and looked at publications from 1987 to 2016. We collected years of publication, surveyed organisms, countries where the surveys took place, plants that accumulate phytotelmata, scientific journals that publish more about the topic and their respective IFs (Impact Factor) and the keywords of each article. We built a heatmap using the most frequent keywords in the studies, to investigate the topics studied over the years. We have found 293 publications, increasing over the years. Insects, anurans and crustaceans were the most studied organisms. The most studied plant families were Bromeliaceae, Poaceae and Apiaceae. The published studies analized were carried out mainly in Brazil, Argentina and Peru. The most published journals on the subject are: Zootaxa, Hydrobiologia, Biotropica and Journal of Natural History. Some main global concerns such as climate change, habitat fragmentation has gained the attention of the phytotelmata studies in the recent years. The results contribute to the knowledge about phytotelmata accumulated biodiversity and research trends.


Realizamos uma cienciometria para demonstrar tendências na produção científica sobre fitotelmata e a importância desses microambientes na manutenção da biodiversidade. Buscamos artigos no Web of Science e analisamos publicações de 1987 até 2016. Coletamos os anos de publicação, organismos estudados, países onde ocorreram as pesquisas, plantas que acumulam fitotelmata, revistas científicas que mais publicam sobre o tema e seus respectivos FIs (Fator de Impacto) e as palavras-chave de cada artigo. Fizemos um heatmap, utilizando as palavras-chave mais frequentes nos estudos, para investigar os tópicos estudados ao longo dos anos. Encontramos 293 publicações, com aumento ao longo dos anos. Os insetos, anuros e crustáceos foram os organismos mais estudados. As famílias de plantas mais estudadas foram Bromeliaceae, Poaceae e Apiaceae. As pesquisas foram realizadas, principalmente, no Brasil, na Argentina e no Peru. Os periódicos que mais publicam sobre o tema são: Zootaxa, Hydrobiologia, Biotropica e Journal of Natural History. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade acumulada em fitotelmata e tendências nas pesquisas.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Scientific Research and Technological Development , Publications for Science Diffusion , Bromelia
17.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 18(1): e20170356, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038849

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize galls of three species of the Copaifera genus (C. sabulicola, C. luetzelburgii and C. depilis), which occur sympatrically in a Cerrado area from Bahia state. A total of 23 gall morphotypes were found, 9 morphotypes on C. sabulicola, 7 on C. luetzelburgii and 7 on C. depilis. Galls predominated on leaves and stems. The most abundant colours found among galls were brown and green. Regarding the period of the year, from 35,511 leaflets analysed, 16,322 were collected in the dry season and 19,189 in the rainy season. In the dry season, 1,635 leaflets having galls were observed, and the highest proportion was observed on C. luetzelburgii (16.31%). In relation to the rainy season, there is statistical difference in the incidence of leaflets with galls between C. sabulicola and C. depilis, these two species are affected differently during the rainy season. In general, most of the gall morphotypes were more abundant in the dry season. The gallers of 18 morphotypes cannot be determined, because the gall samples were collected occupied by parasitoids or without dwellers. Cecidomyiids induced galls in five morphotypes. Associated invertebrates belonging to the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Acari were found among all gall morphotypes. The results obtained here indicate that the three species of Copaifera have an expressive number of galls, but lower than reported in the literature for C. langsdorffii, which is considered a super host.


Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as galhas de três espécies do gênero Copaifera (C. sabulicola, C. luetzelburgii e C. depilis) que ocorrem em simpatria no Cerrado do Estado da Bahia. Um total de 23 morfotipos de galhas foi encontrado, sendo 9 morfotipos em C. sabulicola, 7 em C. luetzelburgii e 7 em C. depilis As galhas predominaram nas folhas e caules e os morfotipos com coloração marrom e verde foram os mais abundantes. Em relação à época do ano, do total de 35.511 folíolos analisados, 16.322 foram coletados no período seco e 19.189 no chuvoso. Na estação seca foram observados 1.635 folíolos com galhas, sendo que a maior proporção de folíolos galhados foi observada em C. luetzelburgii (16.31%). Já em relação à estação chuvosa, há diferença estatística na incidência de folíolos com galhas entre C. sabulicola e C. depilis, estas duas espécies são afetadas diferentemente durante a estação chuvosa. De forma geral, a maioria dos morfotipos foi mais abundante na estação seca. Os galhadores de 18 morfotipos não foram determinados, porque as galhas coletadas apresentavam parasitóides ou estavam vazias. Os cecidomiídeos foram os responsáveis pela indução de cinco morfotipos. Os invertebrados associados às galhas pertencentes às ordens Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera e Acari. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo apontam que as três espécies de Copaifera possuem um número expressivo de galhas, porém menor que o relatado na literatura para C. langsdorffii, a qual é considerada uma super hospedeira.

18.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(4): 680-685, Nov. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888810

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lopesia davillae, a new species of gall midge associated with the reproductive structures of Davilla rugosa (Dilleniaceae), is described and illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female, and damage) based on material collected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This new species is compared with its congeneric species. This is the first record of Lopesia on Dilleniaceae.


Resumo Lopesia davillae, uma nova espécie de Cecidomyiidae associada a estruturas reprodutivas de Davilla rugosa (Dilleniaceae), é descrita e ilustrada (larva, pupa, macho, fêmea e dano) com base em material coletado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A nova espécie é comparada com as outras espécies conhecidas do mesmo gênero. Este é o primeiro registro de Lopesia em Dilleniaceae.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Food Chain , Dilleniaceae/growth & development , Diptera/classification , Herbivory , Pupa/anatomy & histology , Pupa/classification , Pupa/growth & development , Brazil , Diptera/anatomy & histology , Diptera/growth & development , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/classification , Larva/growth & development
19.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 61(3): 239-242, July-Sept. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045459

ABSTRACT

Abstract A new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908 induces leaf galls on Andira humilis (Fabaceae) in the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna) of Bahia, Mato Grosso and São Paulo states, Brazil. Larva, pupa, female, and male of this new species of gall midge are described and illustrated in this paper.

20.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(10): 1707-1713, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792555

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis , is considered an important pest of vineyards in southern Brazil, with affected plants exhibiting leaf chlorosis, reduction in vigor, fading, and death. This study evaluated the quality of hardwood cuttings produced from plants infected (I) and not infected (NI) by ground pearl. 'Paulsen 1103' ( Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris ) plants were grown for 29 months in brick-built raised beds either infested or not infested by ground pearl; then, 12 one-year-old branches with a maximum of 12 buds each were cut from each plant, subdivided into three portions (4 buds cutting-1), and subjected to destructive and nondestructive testing. DDestructive testing comprised determining fresh and dry weight, length, internode diameters, and percentage of starch. Nondestructive testing comprised assessing the potential for bud sprouting and shoot development. Each mother plant in the I and NI beds was considered a replicate, with a total of 360 cuttings per treatment. It was observed that cuttings from infected plants had significantly lower (P<0.05) internode diameter, length, and fresh and dry weight than those of the uninfected plants. The percentage of starch content of the cuttings did not differ significantly. All cuttings showed the same percentage (100%) of bud breaking and no changes in growth and development of seedlings regardless of source. Given these results, it was concluded that vines of 'Paulsen 1103' infested with ground pearl produce smaller cuttings than those of uninfected plants but with no reduction in bud break percentage or seedling development.


RESUMO: A pérola-da-terra, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis , tem sido considerada uma importante praga dos vinhedos no sul do Brasil, sendo que as plantas atacadas manifestam clorose foliar, redução no vigor, definhamento e morte. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de estacas lenhosas produzidas a partir do contraste de videiras infestadas (I) e não infestadas (NI) por pérola-da-terra. Após 29 meses de cultivo em canteiros de alvenaria, em presença ou ausência de pérola-da-terra, cada planta da variedade 'Paulsen 1103' ( Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris ) foi submetida à retirada de 12 ramos de ano, com no máximo 12 gemas cada, sendo subdivididos em três porções (4 gemas estaca-1) e submetidos a avaliações destrutivas e não destrutivas. As destrutivas consistiram em determinar massas fresca e seca, comprimento, diâmetro de entrenós e percentual de amido. As avaliações não destrutivas consistiram em testar o potencial de brotação e desenvolvimento das estacas. Cada planta matriz dos canteiros I e NI foi considerada uma repetição, totalizando 360 estacas por tratamento. As estacas das plantas infestadas tiveram uma redução (P<0,05), em relação às não infestadas, em diâmetro, comprimento e massas fresca e seca. Não houve contraste significativo do percentual de amido avaliado das estacas. Quanto à brotação, destaca-se que todas as estacas apresentaram o mesmo percentual (100%), independente da origem, sem alterações no desenvolvimento e crescimento das mudas. Diante desses resultados, salienta-se que videiras 'Paulsen 1103' infestadas por pérola-da-terra produzem estacas menores, porém não há comprometimento no percentual de brotação e desenvolvimento das mudas, quando comparadas com plantas não infestadas.

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