Effect of Previous Abdominal or Pelvic Surgery on Colonoscopy / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A number of studies have reported wide variability in the colonoscope insertion time among patients who had prior abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal surgery on colonoscope insertion time. METHODS: The subjects were 192 patients with prior abdominal surgery, among 3,600 patients who underwent a colonoscopy at Samsung Changwon Hospital from May 2008 to May 2010. We collected the following data: insertion time, age, gender, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, method of abdominal surgery, and the degree of bowel cleanliness. Previous abdominal operations were divided into colectomy, non-colectomy abdominal surgery, pelvic surgery, and laparoscopic surgery groups. RESULTS: The average colonoscope insertion time in patients with prior abdominal surgery (7.73+/-5.95 min) was longer than that of the non-surgery group (6.4+/-3.88 min). Patients in the colectomy groups were older and had a shorter insertion time (5.11+/-3.32 min) than patients in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Insertion of a colonoscope in patients with previous abdominal surgery was more difficult than that in the control group, except the colectomy group.

Effect of cutting flute length and shape on insertion and removal torque of orthodontic mini-implants / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of length and shape of cutting flute on mechanical properties of orthodontic mini-implants. METHODS: Three types of mini-implants with different flute patterns (Type A with 2.6 mm long flute, Type B with 3.9 mm long and straight flute, Type C with 3.9 mm long and helical flute) were inserted into the biomechanical test blocks (Sawbones Inc., USA) with 2 mm and 4 mm cortical bone thicknesses to test insertion and removal torque. RESULTS: In 4 mm cortical bone thickness, Type C mini-implants showed highest maximum insertion torque, then Type A and Type B in order. Type C also showed shortest total insertion time and highest maximum removal torque, but Type A and B didn't showed statistically significant difference in insertion time and removal torque. In 2 mm cortical bone thickness, there were no significant difference in total insertion time and maximum removal torque in three types of mini-implants, but maximum insertion torque of Type A was higher than two other Types of mini-implants. CONCLUSIONS: Consideration about length and shape of cutting flute of mini-implant is also required when the placement site has thick cortical bone.

The effects of the design of abutment screw driver on the amount of time for insertion of screw driver into abutment screw head / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Implant screw loosening has been remained a problem in implant prosthodontics. The time needed to insert screw driver into abutment screw head should be shortened for the purpose of decreasing the chair time. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the design of abutment screw driver on the amount of time for insertion of screw driver into abutment screw head. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hexagonal and rectangular types of abutment screw drivers were used. The original abutment screw drivers were modified by grinding acute angle of the screw driver tip (modified drivers). Group 1 : hexagonal type abutment screw and original driver Group 2 : hexagonal type abutment screw and modified driver Group 3 : rectangular type abutment screw and original driver Group 4 : rectangular type abutment screw and modified driver UCLA lab analogues were located in acrylic resin block. The angulations of them were 0 and 20 degrees. The times needed for insertion were measured. Group 1 and 3 were used as controls. RESULTS: 1. Group 2 showed shorter insertion time than group 1, regardless of implant angulations (p<.05). 2. Group 4 showed shorter insertion time than group 3, regardless of implant angulations (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Modified abutment screw drivers required less amount of time to insert screw driver into abutment screw head. Modification of abutment screw driver was beneficial.

Factors Affecting Insertion Time during Colonoscopy / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The goal of this study was to examine whether certain variables are associated with insertion time during colonoscopy. METHODS: A total of 703 consecutive subjects underwent colonoscopy by a single endoscopist from April of 1998 to August of 1998. The insertion time during colonoscopy was checked and the factors that may affect insertion time were analyzed. RESULTS: The indications for colonoscopy were bowel habit change (34.8%), the diagnosis of and follow up for colonic neoplastic disease (31.6%), abdominal pain (22.8%), thin stool caliber (19.2%), hematochezia (16.1%), routine examination (10.7%), inflammatory bowel disease (9.4%), tenesmus (8.8%) and a family history of colonic disease (3.1%). Of 703 subjects, complete colonoscopy was possible in 678 (96.4%). Reasons for incomplete insertion included inadequate bowel cleaning (n=11), pain (n=6), a history of operations (n=3), and others (n=5). Therefore, the adjusted completion rate was 97.9% (678/692). The mean insertion time in complete colonoscopy was 7.07 4.26 min (range; 2~35 min). Multivariable analysis revealed that inadequacy of bowel preparation was significantly associated with prolonged (>10 min) insertion time (p=0.005), whereas the history of colorectal resection was inversely associated with prolonged insertion time (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Among the factors affecting insertion time during colonoscopy, cleanness of the bowels is the only correctable factor.