ABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo reflete sobre as justificativas do projeto "Lugar de memória: história e vida dos trabalhadores técnicos da Fiocruz", uma iniciativa de educação patrimonial que relaciona o patrimônio arquitetônico do campus Manguinhos com a memória e as muitas histórias dos auxiliares de laboratório que atuaram no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz em seus trinta primeiros anos de existência. O propósito do projeto foi estabelecer um lugar de memória para os trabalhadores técnicos da instituição, compondo um diálogo entre passado e presente da história da Fiocruz e integrando espaços virtuais a ambientes históricos.
Abstract This article reflects on the justifications for the "Lugares de Memória: história e vida dos trabalhadores técnicos da Fiocruz" project, a heritage education initiative linking the architectural heritage of the Manguinhos campus to the memory and many histories of the laboratory assistants who worked at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz) during its first thirty years of existence. The objective was to establish a space for memory for the institution's technical staff by creating a dialog between the past and present in the history of Fiocruz and integrating virtual spaces and historical environments.
Subject(s)
Health Personnel , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo analisa como a dengue se apresentou como desafio virológico na década de 1980. O objetivo é entender o papel dos estudos virológicos na compreensão da doença e a construção de uma expertise em arboviroses. Embora surtos da doença já tivessem sido relatados ao longo do século XX, a dengue era pouco conhecida nas Américas até a epidemia de dengue hemorrágica em Cuba, em 1981. Quando em 1986 a doença atingiu a cidade de Nova Iguaçu (RJ), a equipe de virologistas liderada por Hermann Schatzmayr tomaria a doença como objeto, mobilizando esforços a partir da criação do Laboratório de Flavivírus do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
Abstract This article analyzes how dengue presented a virological challenge during the 1980s in order to explore the role of virological studies in understanding this disease and constructing expertise in arboviral diseases. Although outbreaks were reported throughout the twentieth century, dengue was barely known in the Americas until the epidemic of dengue fever in Cuba in 1981. When the disease reached the Brazilian city of Nova Iguaçu (RJ) in 1986, it became the focus of attention for a team of virologists led by Hermann Schatzmayr, who mobilized efforts after the creation of the Flavivirus Laboratory at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute.
Subject(s)
Virology , Endemic Diseases , Health Research Plans and Programs , Brazil , Dengue/history , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND The Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (MIOC) is one of the first scientific journals created in Brazil and currently one of the most important biomedical journals in South America. Knowledge of the main themes disseminated over time and its main contributors can contribute towards a better understanding of its trajectory and future. OBJECTIVES Map the journal's scientific publication between 1909 and 2020. METHODS Data from three scientific databases was combined, alongside bibliometrics and network analysis to analyse publication records between 1909 and 2020. FINDINGS Publications increased substantially since the 1980s. The main publishing organisations are Brazilian. Excluding Brazil, the main publishing countries are the USA, Argentina, and Colombia. During the entire investigated period, the main themes refer to Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, and Leishmaniasis. During some periods, publications followed disease outbreaks in Brazil (e.g., dengue fever and yellow fever). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Since its foundation in 1909, the MIOC has focused on infectious and parasitic diseases. The editorial changes implemented from the 1980s onwards led MIOC to a relevant growth concerning annual publications and its transformation into an important communication vehicle for researchers from several Brazilian organisations besides Fiocruz, as well as organisations from other countries, especially within Latin America.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The present work analyses some particular aspects of Oswaldo Cruz's unique biography, valuing his work, which was built along a successful physician and scientist professional trajectory and also as a courageous and fortunate formulator of public health policies and of fight strategies against the epidemics that seasonally affected the city of Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the 20th century. The authors also dwell on his legacy as Head scientist and manager of the Institute that bears his name and became the template for experimental research and medicine in Brazil and the bedrock of the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, one of the most important Brazilian Institutions devoted to teaching, research, development and production in health. This heritage made possible to overcome the existing dissensions between doctors and scientists to build a sanitary movement committed to the major health problems in Brazil. Finally, the paper explores some features of the character and reports some of his moments during his passage, as a Full Academician, at the Brazilian Academia Nacional de Medicina.
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Tropical Medicine/history , Public Health/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Brazil , Biomedical Research/historyABSTRACT
Resumo Analisa o caderno de laboratório, espécie documental produzida a partir dos registros da atividade científica, e seus diferentes tipos, bem como seu uso e seus formatos na pesquisa biomédica. A reflexão se apoia na pesquisa em andamento sobre os documentos dos laboratórios do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz e na relação destes com os conceitos, métodos, técnicas e práticas da arquivologia. A metodologia compreendeu, além de pesquisa bibliográfica, a aplicação de questionário, entrevistas e diagnóstico dos arquivos, nos quais se buscou identificar a gênese documental, as espécies/tipologias presentes e as práticas de manutenção e uso dos registros provenientes de 15 laboratórios. Discute ainda o caderno aberto de laboratório, formato disseminado no âmbito do debate contemporâneo da ciência aberta.
Abstract This article analyzes the different types of laboratory notebooks, a type of document produced from the records of scientific work, along with their uses and formats in biomedical research. This reflection is based on current research involving documents from laboratories at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and their relationship with the concepts, methods, techniques, and practices of archive studies. The methodology includes bibliographic research, a questionnaire, interviews, and archive diagnostics, which were aimed at identifying the originating documentation, the types which are present, and the practices involved in maintaining and using records from 15 laboratories. We also discuss the open lab notebook, a format
Subject(s)
Humans , Archives , Diagnosis , Laboratories/organization & administration , ScienceABSTRACT
Resumo Analisa a formação do médico Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto, com passagens pela Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro e pelo Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, bem como sua atuação na divulgação do projeto da Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil. A partir de testamento, relatos orais, tese de doutoramento e notícias de jornais, é possível compreender as especificidades da turma de 1913 do Curso de Aplicação do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz e como seus estudantes estiveram articulados em ações relativas ao projeto de saúde internacional. O texto evidencia que a defesa dos acordos com a Fundação Rockefeller podia causar controvérsias, negociações e concessões em estados onde ela ainda não havia penetrado, como ocorreu em Pernambuco.
Abstract The article analyzes the education and training of the physician Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto, who studied at both the Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Medicine and Oswaldo Cruz Institute and who promoted the Rockefeller Foundation's project in Brazil. An examination of a will, oral accounts, Barros Barreto's medical thesis, and newspaper reports reveals characteristics of the class of 1913 at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute Specialization Program and shows how these students engaged in the foundation's international health initiatives. The text demonstrates how the idea of partnering with the foundation fueled controversies, impelled negotiations, and led to concessions in states where the foundation had yet to establish its presence, as in Pernambuco.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Internationality/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Foundations/history , Physicians/history , Brazil , Education, Medical/historyABSTRACT
Apresenta a trajetória do médico brasileiro Henrique da Rocha Lima, um dos primeiros a compor o grupo de jovens pesquisadores do Instituto Soroterápico de Manguinhos (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz). Examina sua primeira viagem à Alemanha, onde se especializou em microbiologia e anatomia patológica, configurando sua identidade profissional. As tensões e dilemas enfrentados por Rocha Lima permitem melhor compreender o que significava a dedicação à carreira científica no Brasil do início do século XX. Ademais, lançam luz sobre a importância das relações com o mundo germânico para a medicina experimental que se instituía sob a liderança de Oswaldo Cruz.
This article follows the career of the Brazilian physician Henrique da Rocha Lima, one of the first to join the group of young researchers working at the Instituto Soroterápico de Manguinhos (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz). It describes his first voyage to Germany where he specialized in microbiology and pathological anatomy, training that shaped his subsequent professional identity. The tensions and dilemmas experienced by Rocha Lima provide an insight into what it meant to dedicate oneself to a scientific career in Brazil at the start of the twentieth century. They also reveal the importance of the relations with the German-speaking world for the experimental medicine that became established under the leadership of Oswaldo Cruz.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Physicians , History of Medicine , Yellow Fever/prevention & control , Brazil , Evidence-Based Medicine/history , History, 20th Century , GermanyABSTRACT
Em consequência da instituição do Ano Geofísico Internacional, em 1957, a Marinha do Brasil organizou uma expedição à ilha da Trindade, da qual participou Rudolf Barth, pesquisador do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz e do Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, membro da Academia Brasileira de Ciências e do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas. Esse cientista retornou à ilha da Trindade no ano seguinte, em uma segunda viagem com a Marinha brasileira. As pesquisas feitas então resultaram em algumas publicações científicas e em dois relatórios inéditos com observações e dados concernentes a fenômenos zoológicos (terrestres), meteorológicos, climatológicos, geomorfológicos e biológicos. Os relatórios são transcritos a seguir.
As a result of the institution of the International Geophysical Year in 1957, the Brazilian Navy organized an expedition to the island of Trindade, on which Rudolf Barth participated. He was a researcher at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute and the Naval Research Institute, and a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council. The scientist returned to the island of Trindade the following year, on a second expedition with the Brazilian Navy. The research findings then resulted in some scientific publications and two unpublished reports with observations and data concerning terrestrial, zoological, meteorological, climatological, geomorphological and biological phenomena. The reports are then transcribed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Zoology , Biology , Geomorphology , Expeditions , Meteorology , Research ReportABSTRACT
Aborda a formação científica de Carlos Chagas Filho, entre 1926 e 1942, período de socialização do cientista na Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro e no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Abrange desde o início de sua atuação profissional até o momento em que deixou a direção do Serviço de Estudos de Grandes Endemias, em 1942, para se dedicar à carreira acadêmica no Laboratório de Física Biológica. Analisa o modo como seus recursos científicos e sociais foram acionados ao longo de sua trajetória, visando observar o momento em que rompeu com a tradição de pesquisa biomédica de Manguinhos e se lançou na construção de um novo local em que pudesse implantar seu projeto científico.
The study dwells on the scientific background of Carlos Chagas Filho, between 1926 and 1942, which was the period of socialization of the scientist in the Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro and the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. It covers the period from the beginning of his professional career to the moment when he resigned from the administration of the Serviço de Estudos de Grandes Endemias in 1942 to devote himself to his academic career at the Laboratório de Física Biológica. The way in which his social and scientific resources were deployed throughout his career is analyzed, with a view to ascertaining the moment when he broke with the tradition of biomedical research of Manguinhos and embarked on the construction of a new location where he could implement his own scientific project.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Physicians/history , Professional Practice , Education, Medical , Academies and Institutes/history , Professional Training , History of Medicine , Science/history , Biophysics/education , Brazil , History, 20th Century , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
Objetiva analisar a tradição de ensino médico-científica, estabelecida no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz a partir de 1908, que instituiu um padrão original na formação de pesquisadores e sanitaristas, combinando ensino e pesquisa. Precursora do modelo universitário, essa tradição defrontou-se com a questão do papel social que deveria cumprir na nova organização institucional da saúde pública e da educação, implementada durante a era Vargas: deveria o Instituto servir à saúde pública ou adotar um feitio universitário?.
The article analyzes the tradition in medical and scientific teaching that was established at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz starting in 1908, introducing an innovative standard in training researchers and public health workers that combined teaching and research activities. Forerunner of the university model, this tradition came up against the question of what social role the institute should play in the new institutional organization of public health and education implemented during the Vargas era: should the Institute serve public health or adopt a university-like format?.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Universities , Public Health/history , Education, Medical/history , Academies and Institutes , Professional Training , Brazil , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Aborda conceitos, métodos, técnicas e práticas arquivísticas para tratar documentos gerados pela atividade científica, tomando como referência pesquisa de campo realizada em laboratório do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Em análise que combina abordagem arquivística com elementos da sociologia da ciência, considera que os modelos e instrumentos do saber arquivístico se encontram subordinados aos pressupostos da pesquisa histórica ou da memória social. Servem ainda a uma racionalidade técnica alinhada a práticas empíricas de organização que se defrontam com a realidade documental mais complexa, levando a arquivística a negar seus fundamentos e princípios teóricos.
This article addresses archival methods, techniques, and practices for managing documents generated by scientific activity, using field research carried out at an Instituto Oswaldo Cruz laboratory at the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz as a reference. Based on an analysis combining an archival studies approach with elements of the sociology of science, we believe that the models and instruments of archival knowledge are subordinate to the assumptions of historical research or social memory. They also serve a technical rationality aligned with empirical organization practices that confront the more complex archival reality, leading archival science to negate its foundations and theoretical principles.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Archives/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Laboratories/history , Science/history , Brazil , Records , Information Management , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Aborda a contribuição de cientistas brasileiros aos estudos sobre o protozoário causador da malária. Ao colocar em foco os trabalhos de Henrique Aragão e Wladimir Lobato Paraense, destaca a importância da malária aviária para o entendimento da malária humana e sua terapêutica, a rede de relações científicas estabelecidas, as agendas comuns de pesquisa, as trocas de informações entre pesquisadores, assim como o papel por eles desempenhado no contexto internacional das descobertas científicas.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Malaria, Avian , Malaria/history , Malaria/prevention & control , Malaria/therapy , Research Personnel/history , Technical Cooperation , Brazil , Science/history , Public Health/historyABSTRACT
Francisco Laranja aproximou-se da cardiologia quando esta era aindauma especialidade incipiente na medicina brasileira. Perito emeletrocardiografia, ele é reconhecido no panorama científico nacional einternacional pelas pesquisas que resultaram na caracterização clínicado quadro cardíaco dos casos crônicos de doença de Chagas, realizadasem Bambuí ao longo da década de 1940. Em seu depoimento, concedido à Casa de Oswaldo Cruz em 1986, Laranja discorre sobre a constituição do campo da cardiologia e da eletrocardiografia no Brasil, seu trabalho no Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Industriários, sobre as pesquisas realizadas em Bambuí e sua gestão como diretor do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
Francisco Laranja began working in cardiology when this was yet a fledglingspecialty in Brazilian medicine. An expert in electrocardiography, he has gained national and international renown for his research conducted in Bambuí in the 1940s, which led to the clinical characterization of the cardiac profile of chronic cases of Chagas disease. In this interview, Laranja talks about the development of the field of cardiology and electrocardiography in Brazil, his work at the Institute of Retirement and Pensions for Industrial Workers, his research in Bambuí, and his term as director of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Cardiology/history , Chagas Disease/history , Electrocardiography/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Brazil , Biomedical Research/historyABSTRACT
Analisa as séries fotográficas produzidas pelo Instituto Oswaldo Cruz em expedições científicas ao interior do Brasil, realizadas entre 1911 e 1913. Detém-se na expedição liderada por Arthur Neiva e Belisário Penna e na elaboração do seu discurso documentário. Explicita escolhas e ênfases adotadas na elaboração de cada texto visual, expresso tanto no material produzido durante o percurso quanto na seleção das imagens para publicação. As análises quantitativa e qualitativa das imagens da expedição de Neiva e Penna revelam um percurso narrativo que articula o meio natural, a vida social e as evidências de adoecimento das populações interioranas, para a constituição de um discurso que difunde o movimento pelo saneamento dos sertões.
The article analyzes the photographic series produced by the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in reference to scientific expeditions into the interior of Brazil between 1911 and 1913, with a special focus on the one headed by Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna and on the development of their documentary discourse. It draws out the choices and emphases used in preparing each visual text, expressed both in the material produced during the journeys and in the process of selecting images for publication. The study's quantitative and qualitative analyses of images from the Neiva-Penna expedition uncover a narrative journey that articulates the natural environment, social life, and evidence of the sickly status of residents of the interior to shape a discourse that disseminates the nascent movement to sanitize the sertão regions.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Expeditions/history , Photograph , Travel , Rural Sanitation , Brazil , Public Health/history , History, 20th Century , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Descreve a formação do acervo de periódicos científicos da Biblioteca de Ciências Biomédicas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Destaca a coleção de periódicos científicos raros, que se estende do século XVIII ao XX e contempla valiosos trabalhos na área das ciências biológicas e da saúde. Apresenta a criação da instituição por Oswaldo Cruz e a organização da biblioteca. Documenta o empenho da Biblioteca de Ciências Biomédicas em promover o acesso ao periódico científico em diferentes formatos tecnológicos.
The article describes the formation of the scientific periodicals collection of the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Biomedical Sciences Library. It highlights the collection of rare scientific periodicals that extends from the 18th century to the 20th and encompasses valuable works in the biological sciences and health fields. The work also includes the creation of the institute by Oswaldo Cruz and the organization of the Library and documents the efforts of the Biomedical Sciences Library to promote access to scientific periodicals in different technological formats.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Periodicals as Topic/history , Library Materials/history , Scientific Communication and Diffusion , Brazil , Access to Information , Libraries/organization & administration , Libraries, Medical/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Uma das mais ricas, antigas e diversificadas coleções entomológicas da América Latina, que alberga relevante parcela de nossa biodiversidade, foi drasticamente penalizada durante o episódio que ficou conhecido como o Massacre de Manguinhos, no qual dez eminentes pesquisadores tiveram seus direitos políticos cassados. Esta nota relata uma ínfima parcela da tragédia que desmantelou parte desse acervo e como 8.554 exemplares valiosos da ordem Diptera, pertencentes a 35 famílias, incluindo 99 exemplares-tipos, foram reincorporados à Coleção Entomológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, em suas posições originais nos armários de aço, após 35 anos. Esta reincorporação representa o primeiro resgate científico-histórico desse acervo, após o período da ditadura militar no Brasil.
One of the oldest, most varied and widest-ranging entomology collections in Latin America, containing a significant portion of Brazil's biodiversity, was severely damaged during an episode which came to be known as the Manguinhos Massacre, when ten eminent researchers had their political rights suspended. This note tells of how a particular episode in the tragedy caused part of this collection to be broken up, and how 8,554 valuable specimens of the order Diptera, from 35 families, including 99 type specimens, have been reintroduced to Instituto Oswaldo Cruz's Entomology Collection in their original positions in the steel cabinets 35 years on. This reintroduction represents the first effort to restore this collection both historically and scientifically since Brazil's military dictatorship.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , History, 20th Century , Science/history , Collection , Entomology/history , Research Personnel , Brazil , History, 20th Century , Expeditions/historyABSTRACT
Analisa os processos de assimilação e transformação de saberes e práticas terapêuticas que envolvem o uso de plantas medicinais, e destaca o uso, no combate à lepra, do óleo da chaulmoogra. Atenta para os diferentes modos de incorporação e transformação das chaulmoogras em conhecimentos validados cientificamente, tendo em vista a entrada em cena da 'chaulmoogra brasileira'. Privilegia a chegada dos derivados dessa planta à pauta de produção do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), na década de 1920, estabelecendo nexos entre os diferentes processos produtivos e articulando-os ao contexto científico no período estudado. O óleo de chaulmoogra representou, até a década de 1940, a grande esperança para a tentativa de cura da lepra. Observa ainda que a terapêutica chaulmúgrica durante esse período, consolidou-se como um saber científico graças à realização de diversas pesquisas feitas em laboratórios de todo o mundo ocidental.
The article investigates how knowledge of medicinal plants and related treatment practices are assimilated and transformed. Taking as its focus the use of chaulmoogra oil to treat leprosy, it examines how information on this plant was incorporated and transformed into scientifically validated knowledge when 'Brazilian chaulmoogra' came onto the scene. Pointing to the addition of chaulmoogra byproducts to the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz's production agenda in the 1920s, the study establishes links between productive processes and relates these to the period's scientific context. From the late nineteenth century until the 1940s, chaulmoogra oil was the great hope in efforts to cure leprosy. During this period, chaulmoogric treatment earned a place as scientific knowledge thanks to research studies conducted in laboratories throughout the Western world.