ABSTRACT
The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Family Integration (IFI) by means of a dyadic analysis based on the responses of fathers and mothers in families from the city of Arequipa, southern Peru. For this purpose, 264 married couples living with their families were non-probabilistically selected and administered the 52-item IFI. An analysis of dimensionality and reliability was carried out, and a factorial invariance analysis was applied under a dyadic approach and, finally, a comparative analysis using Cohen's d was performed. The results reported moderate correlations between the values of fathers and mothers in each family holon: personal, spousal, parental, sibling and familial. Likewise, the dimensionality fit of each holon in fathers and mothers was adequate with acceptable magnitudes, and the reliability indices calculated with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega tests were high. The five-factor internal structure and internal consistency in both fathers and mothers were corroborated.
El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Integración Familiar (IIF) mediante un análisis diádico en función de las respuestas de padres y madres de conforman una familia procedente de la ciudad de Arequipa, al sur de Perú. Para ello, se seleccionó de manera no probabilística a 264 parejas casadas que viven con sus familias, a quienes se les aplicó el IIF que consta de 52 ítems. Se realizó un análisis de la dimensionalidad y la confiabilidad, y se aplicó un análisis de invarianza factorial bajo un enfoque diádico y finalmente un análisis comparativo mediante la d de Cohen. Los resultados reportaron correlaciones moderadas entre los valores de los padres y madres en cada holón familiar: personal, conyugal, parental, fraternal y familiar. Asimismo, el ajuste de dimensionalidad de cada holón en padres y en madres fue adecuado con magnitudes aceptables, y los índices de confiabilidad calculados con las pruebas alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald fueron elevados. Se corrobora la estructura interna de cinco factores y la consistencia interna tanto en padres como en madres.
ABSTRACT
El presente artículo describe las propiedades psicometrías del Inventario de Integración Familiar. La muestra fue de 420 personas y los participantes fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Los resultados indican que la prueba presenta 4 factores que en su conjunto explican el 55.2% de la varianza, mientras que sus índices de confiabilidad fluctúan entre ω=.867 y ω=.932. En consecuencia, el Inventario de Integración Familiar mostró tener propiedades psicométricas robustas por lo cual se ha comprobado su validez y precisión en la medición de la variable integración familiar
This article describes the psychometric properties of the Family Integration Inventory. The sample was conformed by 420 people and the participants were selected through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The results indicate that the inventory has 4 factors that together explain 55.2% of the variance. Their reliability indexes fluctuate between ω=.867 and ω=.932. In consequence, the Family Integration Inventory showed to have robust psychometric properties, which has proven its validity and precision in the measurement of the family integration variable
ABSTRACT
El trabajo que se informa presenta una descripción y evaluación de un estudio de casos de reintegración familiar de tres jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual moderada pertenecientes a un hogar de menores, desarrollado durante tres años. La metodología utilizada estuvo centrada principalmente en el enfoque biográfico, con la técnica de relatos de vida. Además de presentar las características de sus familias, específicamente de sus madres, los resultados aportan antecedentes claves para poder potenciar el sistema de integración familiar actual que existe para la atención de niños, niñas y jóvenes con necesidades educativas especiales. De los tres casos, sólo uno concretó la reintegración familiar de la joven discapacitada, el segundo está en proceso de finalizar la integración y en el tercero, la madre desertó. Se observa que es compleja la integración en las familias de los menores que asisten a centros de protección. Como factores claves para el éxito de la intervención, se reconocen las redes de apoyo sociales y familiares, las estrategias individuales para revincularse con la hija y resignificar su discapacidad, el apoyo de la institución y el trabajo multidisciplinario. Finalmente se concluye a partir de estos casos, cuáles serían los aspectos esenciales que permiten realmente que los menores crezcan y vivan en familia como seres íntegros y plenos. Para ello se requiere contar con un plan de intervención y un seguimiento constante del proceso, en el que se trabaje no sólo con la madre o tutor principal del menor, sino que también se incorpore a toda la familia en el proceso.
The article presents a description and evaluation of a three year case study of three youngsters with moderate mental disability from a group home for minors. We used a biography approach, and a life story technique. Through this technique, the person articulates his or her past, present and future in an interview or an open interaction. Our goal was to understand and face the mothers' life experiences in order to create an intervention method based on their own reality and perspective. Apart from presenting the children's family characteristics, particularly that of their mothers, the results bring out key information that strengthen and promote the current system of family integration for children and youngsters with special educational needs. Out of the three cases, only one family achieved the reinstatement of their child with a disability; the second family is in the process of finishing the reinstatement, and in a third case, the mother abandoned the process. Based on these experiences, reinstating a child who was looked after by a child care and protection center back to his or her family, is a complex issue. The family plays a fundamental role in the process of bringing their child back into their homes, and is a key factor for a successful intervention. Families who have a support network, both at an individual and social level, have better possibilities of reinstating their child back into the family. Another important point to consider is individual strategies mothers use to renew the bond with their child, which are influenced by the stages they are going through regarding the adaptation process and acceptance of the disability. Other aspects that influence whether families abandon the reinstatement process or not are the type of disability, the cause of transfer to the care and protection center, the stage that each mother is going through regarding their child's disability linked to their vital cycle, the mothers' age and their constant denial in coping with disability and their maternal roles. The family reinstatement program is recognized as a good system which allows children with disabilities to achieve better growth and development with their families, while acknowledging at the same time, that adoption is practically nonexistent. This system requires constant interventions and follow-ups, not only with the tutor, but also including the whole family in the process. Moreover, multi-disciplinary work at home, in community institutions and in other social levels that bring support to the family's readjustment of their internal bonds and structure, should be considered key interventions. Strengthening parental figures helps parents change their perspective regarding their child's disability, and is crucial in accomplishing true social integration, as well as allowing children to grow and live in a family as wholesome and complete beings.