O estreito acesso das Pessoas com Deficiência aos serviços de saúde em uma capital nordestina / The limited access of People with Disabilities to health services in a northeastern capital

Resumo Analisou-se, a partir das dimensões disponibilidade-acomodação e adequação, o acesso das Pessoas com Deficiência (PcD) aos serviços de atenção especializada. Trata-se de estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa com triangulação de fontes a partir de pesquisa documental, dados dos Sistemas de Informações em Saúde e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores, profissionais de saúde e PcD. Observou-se a ampliação de serviços de reabilitação no Recife, embora não tenha sido possível analisar a capacidade de produção de tais serviços. Os achados apontam para a existência de barreiras arquitetônicas e urbanísticas e insuficiência de recursos nos serviços estudados. Ademais, há um longo tempo de espera para atenção especializada e um difícil acesso às tecnologias assistivas. Pôde-se observar ainda que os profissionais têm baixa qualificação para atender às necessidades das PcD e não se tem instituído um processo de educação permanente para os trabalhadores dos diversos níveis de complexidade. Conclui-se que a instituição da Politica Municipal de Atenção Integral à Saúde da PcD não foi suficiente para garantir o acesso aos serviços de saúde com continuidade do cuidado, considerando a permanência da fragmentação da rede de atenção, ferindo, assim, o direito à saúde deste segmento.

Abstract The access of People with Disabilities (PwD) to specialized care services was analyzed on the basis of the availability-accommodation and adequacy dimensions. This is a case study with a qualitative approach and triangulation of sources based on documentary research, data from the Health Information Systems and semi-structured interviews with managers, health professionals and PwD. There was an expansion of rehabilitation services in Recife, although it was not possible to analyze the production capacity of such services. The findings point to the existence of architectural and urban barriers and insufficient resources in the services studied. Furthermore, there is a long waiting time for specialized care and difficult access to assistive technologies. It was also observed that professionals have low qualifications to meet the needs of PwD and a process of permanent education in different levels of complexity has not been instituted for workers. The conclusion drawn is that the institution of the Municipal Policy of Comprehensive Health Care for the PwD was insufficient to guarantee access to health services with continuity of care, considering the permanence of the fragmentation of the care network, thus violating the right to health of this segment.

Gobierno de redes asistenciales: evaluación de los Consejos Integradores de la Red Asistencial (CIRA) en el contexto de la reforma del sector salud en Chile / Governance of health care networks: assessment of the health care integrating councils in the context of the health sector reform in Chile

Objetivo. Este artículo busca evaluar la contribución de los Consejos Integradores de la Red Asistencial (CIRA) en mejorar la gobernanza en salud en Chile. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de los documentos oficiales asociados con el proceso de constitución y desarrollo de los CIRA; se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc a los 29 CIRA del país y se realizaron 35 entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a participantes de una muestra de seis CIRA. Resultados. Los CIRA se han constituido en una herramienta de integración funcional y un espacio valorado de diálogo, cooperación y aprendizaje por parte de los actores de las redes asistenciales públicas chilenas. Conclusiones. Se concluye que hay un espacio de mejora con respecto a su rol en la gobernanza de la red en la medida en que desarrollan facultades relacionadas con las inversiones en infraestructura, tecnología y recursos humanos, así como con las decisiones que corresponden a las asignaciones presupuestarias en la red.

Objective. This paper aims at assessing the contribution of Chile's Health Care Integrating Councils (CIRA, Spanish acronym) to strengthening governance in health. Materials and methods. A literature review on the official documents related to the process of creation and development of CIRA was carried out; an ad hoc questionnaire was applied to all 29 health services of the country; finally, 35 semi-structure in-depth interviews were carried on a sample of six CIRA. Results. The CIRAs have become a tool for functional integration and a valuable space for dialogue, cooperation and learning for all of the actors of the Chilean public health network. Conclusions. In this study, we conclude that there is room for improvements of CIRA's role regarding governance of the health care network as long as CIRA is authorized to deal with strategic topics, such as investment in infrastructure, technology and human resources, and budgeting.

Effect of an Integral Care System: a Combination of Oriental and Western Care for Older Adults with Degenerative Arthritis

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the effect of an integrated care service which included a combination of oriental and western care on health outcomes in elderly patients with degenerative arthritis. METHODS: A prospective comparative design was used. Data were collected from May 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 from 85 elderly patients with degenerative arthritis in the lower extremities who were followed in a hospital out-patient department for 8 weeks. The integrated care service group (n=36) received a combination of physical therapy, acupuncture, western medicines or herbal medicines, and the western care group (n=49) received physical therapy or western medicines. Functional independence, walking speed, rotation balance, pain intensity, service satisfaction and total medical costs for the two groups were compared at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Functional independence (t=2.14, p=.036) and walking speed (t=2.51, p=.014) improved significantly in the integrated care group while pain intensity improved significantly in the western care group (t=3.35, p=.002). The integrated care group reported higher scores for service satisfaction (t=2.09, p=.041) and higher medical costs than the western care group (t=2.15, p=.035). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that integrated care services are effective modalities to improve mobility and quality of life for elders with degenerative arthritis.

Contribuições da análise comparada para um marco abrangente na avaliação de sistemas orientados pela atenção primária na América Latina / The contribution of comparative analysis to a comprehensive evaluation framework for primary care systems in Latin America

OBJETIVOS: demonstrar que o estudo da integração e da coordenação do cuidado traz elementos importantes para a avaliação de sistemas orientados por uma política de atenção primária de saúde (APS). MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo das formas e fatores que facilitam ou dificultam a integração da APS, a partir da análise comparada de reformas realizadas na América Latina, através de revisão sistemática e análise de documentos. RESULTADOS: três modalidades de integração foram identificadas: atenção primária seletiva no interior de programas materno-infantis, APS como porta de entrada e eixo estruturante de um sistema público e experiências municipais em sistemas baseados em seguros. Um modelo explicativo da problemática da fragmentação é desenvolvido, mostrando a necessidade de articular a análise dos níveis macro, meso e microssocial para uma visão abrangente do desempenho dos serviços. CONCLUSÕES: há persistência de segmentação com fragmentação dos serviços, mesmo nos casos de sistemas de base universal. O modelo proposto articula essas duas categorias, contribuindo na seleção de indicadores para avaliação de sistemas públicos orientados por essa política.

OBJECTIVES: to demonstrate that the study of integration and coordination of care may reveal significant elements for the evaluation of primary health care policy systems (PHC). METHODS: a descriptive study of the forms and factors that facilitate or impede the integration of PHC, using comparative analysis of the reforms carried out in Latin America, by way of systematic review and analysis of documents. RESULTS: three types of integration were identified: selective primary care within maternal/child health programs, PHC as first contact care and municipal experiments with insurance-based systems. An explanatory model of the problem of fragmentation is developed, demonstrating the need to articulate the analysis of the macro, meso and microsocial levels for a comprehensive view of the performance of services. CONCLUSIONS: services remain segmented and fragmented, even in the case of systems with a universal basis. The proposed model combines these two categories, thereby contributing to the selection of indicators for evaluation of public systems guided by this policy.

Integrated health care networks in Latin America: toward a conceptual framework for analysis / Redes integradas de atención sanitaria en América Latina: hacia un marco conceptual para el análisis

Las inequidades e ineficiencias de los sistemas de salud de América Latina motivaron algunas reformas, concentradas en las últimas dos décadas, particularmente en el financiamiento y el suministro de la atención sanitaria. Este trabajo se enfoca en la introducción de redes integradas de atención sanitaria (RIAS) en varios países de América Latina y los ubica en el contexto internacional. La descripción y el análisis de las RIAS, ya fueran regionales o de afiliación, resaltan el debate actual sobre sus posibles beneficios y riesgos. El impacto de las RIAS -en términos del mejoramiento del acceso a la atención sanitaria o de la promoción de la eficiencia y la equidad en los sistemas de salud- se ha evaluado en muy pocas oportunidades. Para contribuir al tema, se propone un marco conceptual abarcador para el análisis del desempeño de las RIAS, que trata el proceso interno y los factores externos considerados críticos para alcanzar sus objetivos intermedios y finales.

Web-based Secure Access from Multiple Patient Reservoirs / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: For the ubiquity of medical service, when user who has proper authority want to access medical data, user accessability should be assured. And the security of the disclosed medical data is important. This paper presents single user access interface on multiple patient reservoirs and elaborate access control using the Role-Based Access Control(RBAC) system. METHODS: Proposed system consists of 4-tier architecture that is client application, Access Control Central(ACC) agent, Local Access Control(LAC) agent and Hospital Information Systems(HIS). User requests medical data with client application. ACC notarizes user identity and controls access of user request and selectively encrypts medical data. LAC charges data conversion for communication between ACC and HIS. HIS has repositories of medical datum. System provides security service with digital certificate, X.509v3, of user. RESULTS: User requests medical data of several HIS approaching single ACC not by each HIS. Through conversion process of LAC, data that is described XML and is used for communication inter system enables information exchange with single common data format that is independent to several HIS. CONCLUSION: In the proposed system, user accesses medical datum of several HIS regardless of location and has consistent access interface. And using independent format against each HIS makes easy information exchange between several HIS. Transferred data maintains security about significant datum by selective encryption and increases encryption efficiency. Unified access control about multiple patient reservoirs that are scattered in other places provides unified and precise diagnosis of patient information. And it functions the portal of collaborate treatment in inter-HIS.