Praxis Bioanalítica desde la matriz epistemológica vigente en el contexto de la Salud Pública / Bioanalytic practice from the epistemological matrix in force in the context of Public Health

Con el propósito de caracterizar la praxis Bioanalítica desde la matriz epistemológica vigente, la investigación se realizó bajo el Enfoque Integrador Transcomplejo. Para el abordaje de la problemática de estudio se empleó la complementariedad metódica. El grupo humano quedó constituido por cinco docentes Bioanalistas, a los que se le realizó una entrevista focalizada y en profundidad. Entre los hallazgos se evidenció que la praxis bioanalítica fue modelada desde la modernidad como un ejercicio mecanicista, repetitivo, desarticulado de lo social y lo humano. La modernidad es reproducida en las universidades mediante una formación vertical, donde no se articula lo biológico con lo social, con lo histórico o lo cultural; ya que la malla curricular está definida por un grupo de asignaturas cargados de contenidos procedimentales, impartidos a partir de objetivos de forma aislada, que centra la atención en la enfermedad y concibe su praxis desde roles y tareas, dándole mayor énfasis al rol de analista. Desde esta perspectiva, se niega los aportes dados por la epistemología, la historia, lo sociología, antropología y la educación al saber Bioanalítico, quedando limitado su impacto en la Salud Pública. Para redimensionar la concepción social del Bioanálisis y su praxis es necesario que se asuman nuevos paradigmas y nuevas metodologías y la Transcomplejidad constituye una opción para dar respuesta a esta demanda.

In purpose to characterize the Bioanalytical praxis from the current epistemological matrix, the research was carried out under the TranscomplexIntegrative Approach. Methodical complementarity was used to address the study problem. The human group was made up of five Bioanalyst teachers, who were given a focused and in-depth interview. Among the findings, it was evident that bioanalytic praxis was modeled since modernity as a mechanistic, repetitive, disjointed exercise of the social and the human. Modernity is reproduced in universities through vertical training, where the biological is not articulated with the social, with the historical or the cultural; since the curricular mesh is defined by a group of subjects loaded with procedural content, taught from objectives in isolation, which focuses attention on the disease and conceives its praxis from roles and tasks, giving greater emphasis to the role of analyst. From this perspective, the contributions given by epistemology, history, sociology, anthropology and education to Bioanalytical knowledge are denied, leaving their impact on Public Health limited. To resize the social conception of Bioanalysis and its praxis, it is necessary to assume new paradigms and new methodologies and Transcomplexity constitutes an option to respond to this demand.

Una mirada transcompleja de la Violencia Juvenil Delincuencial en Venezuela / A transcomplex look at the delinquent youth violence in Venezuela

Se realizó una investigación bajo el enfoque integrador transcomplejo en la búsqueda de una interpretación transdisciplinaria, multidimensionada y dinámica de la violencia juvenil delincuencial, cuyo propósito fue develar las posturas epistemológicas que subyacen en la lógica de intervención de los diversos sectores de las políticas públicas en relación a la violencia delincuencial, así como la resignificación, mediante un diálogo de saberes, con sujetos significantes y con los significados socioculturalmente construidos del contexto teórico disciplinario de la violencia juvenil delincuencial en el Estado Aragua , con el fin de aportar constructos teóricos que propicien un repensar de las políticas públicas desde una perspectiva transcompleja y transdisciplinaria. La Transmetódica se fundamentó en la transdisciplinariedad, la hermenéutica y la etnografía. Se llevó a cabo en cuatro etapas que confluyeron para desmontar el discurso de los informantes en relación a la realidad y contrastarlos con las corrientes del pensamiento que han sustentado la matriz epistemológica vigente, para luego develar desde una perspectiva transcompleja y multidimensionada los aspectos ocultos en el discurso; brindando la posibilidad de resignificar estos hallazgos hacia una alternativa epistemológica integradora. Se evidencia la necesidad de trascender las lógicas homogeneizadoras de las políticas de control social tradicionales fundamentadas en el etiquetamiento y exclusión social, mediante un proceso masivo de fortalecimiento axiológico y praxiológico de la institucionalidad social, para lograr un cambio paradigmático hacia una nueva visión multidimensionada y transcompleja de la lógica de las estrategias de prevención y control social de la violencia juvenil delincuencial, y su resignificación en un horizonte sociocultural de convivencia pacífica.

An investigation was carried out under the integrative transcomplex approach in the search for a transdisciplinary, multidimensional and dynamic interpretation of juvenile delinquent violence, whose purpose was to reveal the epistemological positions that underlie the intervention logic of the various sectors of public policies in relation to to criminal violence, as well as resignification, through a dialogue of knowledge, with significant subjects and with the socioculturally constructed meanings of the disciplinary theoretical context of juvenile delinquent violence in the State of Aragua, in order to provide theoretical constructs that promote a rethinking of public policies from a transcomplex and transdisciplinary perspective. Transmethodics was based on transdisciplinarity, hermeneutics and ethnography. It was carried out in four stages that converged to disassemble the informants' discourse in relation to reality and contrast them with the currents of thought that have sustained the current epistemological matrix, and then reveal the hidden aspects in the current epistemological matrix from a transcomplex and multidimensional perspective. speech; providing the possibility of resignifying these findings towards an integrative epistemological alternative. There is evidence of the need to transcend the homogenizing logics of traditional social control policies based on labeling and social exclusion, through a massive process of axiological and praxiological strengthening of social institutions, to achieve a paradigmatic shift towards a new multidimensional and trans-complex vision of the logic of the strategies of prevention and social control of delinquent juvenile violence, and its resignification in a sociocultural horizon of peaceful coexistence.

Abrir a possibilidade para novas narrativas: um desafio / Open the possibility for new narratives: a challenge / Abrir la posibilidad para nuevas narrativas: un desafio

Uma diversidade de narrativas pode enriquecer a vida humana, dada a possibilidade de atribuir significado à experiência relacional desde a vida intrauterina até a morte, postula Linares (2003; 2014). Por outro lado, conta-se com a resistência do ser humano a rever suas visões. Dada tal resistência, neste trabalho tem-se como objetivo mostrar uma ferramenta para auxiliar na construção de novas narrativas: a atividade artística-lúdica no atendimento a casais e famílias sob a ótica da abordagem sistêmico-integrativa. Tal ferramenta tanto permite que o ser humano, sem se dar conta, expresse sua angústia, quanto permite ser uma intervenção terapêutica propriamente dita. Através de um caso clínico, será ilustrado o planejamento da atividade lúdica; o uso da atividade proposta; e seus resultados. Constatou-se que novas percepções puderam ser referidas, e as mesmas permitiram a construção de novas narrativas familiares.

A variety of narratives can enrich human life, given the possibility of assigning meaning to the relational experience from intrauterine life until the death, postulates Linares (2003, 2014). On the other hand, there is the resistance of the human being to revise its visions. Given this resistance, this work aims to present a tool to assist in the construction of new narratives: the artistic-ludic activity to care for couples and families from the perspective of the systemic-integrative approach. Such a tool allows the human being, without realizing it, to expresses his anguish, as it allows to be a therapeutic intervention properly said. Through a clinical case, will be illustrated the planning of the ludic activity; the use of the proposed activity; and their results. It was observed that new perceptions could be referred to, and they allowed the construction of new family narratives.

Una diversidad de narrativas puede enriquecer la vida humana, dada la posibilidad de atribuir significado a la experiencia relacional desde la vida intrauterina hasta la muerte, postula Linares (2003; 2015). Por otro lado, se cuenta con la resistencia del ser humano a revisar sus visiones. Dada tal resistencia, en este trabajo se tiene como objetivo mostrar una herramienta para auxiliar en la construcción de nuevas narrativas: la actividad artística-lúdica en la atención a parejas y familias bajo la óptica del abordaje sistémico-integrativa. Tal herramienta permite tanto que el ser humano, sin darse cuenta, expresa su angustia, como permite ser una intervención terapéutica propiamente dicha. A través de un caso clínico, se ilustra la planificación de la actividad lúdica; el uso de la actividad propuesta; y sus resultados. Se constató que nuevas percepciones pudieron ser referidas, y las mismas permitieron la construcción de nuevas narrativas familiares.

Violencia juvenil delincuencial en latinoamérica: un desafío ético de las sociedades del siglo xxi / Youth violence in latinoamérica delinquency: a challenge ethical companies of the century

Producto de la reflexión desde la óptica del Enfoque Integrador Transcomplejo, se realizó un ensayo sobre la multidimensionalidad ética de la violencia juvenil delincuencial en Latinoamérica, que parte de hacer una revisión histórica de la magnitud y naturaleza del problema en la región, haciendo posteriormente una revisión teórica contextualizada de los resultados de las investigaciones relacionadas con la violencia juvenil delincuencial en América Latina, donde finalmente a partir de la aproximación hermenéutica a las representaciones sociales de los jóvenes violentos, se concluye reflexionando sobre la necesidad de trascender hacia una ética en la investigación que rebase los niveles de exigencia de lo cotidiano de la ética utilitarista o de la consecuencial y se eleve a un estrato racional de lo cuántico, de lo subjetivo, de lo relacional y multiverso, es decir de lo transcomplejo. Esto implica el abandono de la lógica positivista, de la norma, de la deontología, en la búsqueda de lo reflexivo conciencial, lo interpretativo fenomenológico, lo emergente-vivencial, así como lo dialéctico relacional.

Product of reflection from the perspective of Focus Integrator Transcomplejo, an essay on ethics multidimensionality of youth violence criminal in Latin America was held, that part of making a historical review of the extent and nature of the problem in the region, subsequently making a review theoretical contextualized the results of research related to youth violence criminal in Latin America, where finally from the hermeneutical approach to social representations of youth violent conclude by reflecting on the need to transcend to a research ethics that levels exceeding the daily requirement of utilitarian ethics or consequential damages and rise to a rational layer of the quantum, of the subjective, relational and multiverse, that is what transcomplejo. This implies abandoning the positivist logic of the rule of ethics in the pursuit of the reflective conciencial, the interpretive phenomenological, the pop-experiential and relational dialectical.

O monstro do meio: trabalhando com casais em um tratamento grupal intensivo / The monster in between: working with couples in intensive group treatment

Neste artigo está descrito um programa de tratamento grupal intensivo para casais que sofrem de doenças psiquiátricas não psicóticas, disfunções de personalidade e/ou problemas complexos de relacionamento conjugal. Geralmente, um dos parceiros tem uma longa história de atendimento na saúde mental. Esta história de intervenções geralmente inclui ao menos algumas sessões de terapia conjugal, entretanto sem sucesso suficiente. Estes casais são parte de um grupo de pacientes da saúde mental que pode ser descrito, ou se descreve como: "tudo foi feito, mas nada realmente ajudou”. O programa de tratamento grupal intensivo iniciou em 1991 e, até fevereiro de 2004, 415 casais foram tratados em 91 grupos. Apesar do Centro para Problemas Relacionais estar situado em uma área rural do nordeste da Holanda, os casais são encaminhados de todo o país. Isso demonstra que é necessário um tratamento intensivo para casais em um setting de internação. Além disso, pelo menos no que se sabe, esse tipo de tratamento não existe em outro lugar do mundo. Nesse artigo serão apresentados detalhes do programa e a lógica que o sustenta.

In this paper we elaborate on an inpatient clinical group program for couples suffering from non-psychotic psychiatric disorders, personality disorders and/or complex partner relational problems. In general one of the partners has a long history in mental health care. The intervention history often includes at least some sessions of couple therapy, but without sufficient success. These couples are part of that group of mental health patients that can be described as, or describe themselves as: ‘everything was done but nothing really helped’. The clinical inpatient couple group program was initiated in 1991 and to date (February 2004) 415 couples have been treated in 91 groups. Although our Center for Relational Problems is situated in a rural area in the northern part of the Netherlands, these couples are referred from all over the country. This proves that there is a need for highly intensive couple treatment in an inpatient setting. Nevertheless, as far as we know, this type of treatment does not exist anywhere else in the world. In this paper we will give details of the program and the rationale behind it.

Chronic cough with multiple causes

This case reports a 57-year-old lady presented with cough of two months duration despite repeated treatments from multiple general practitioners. It took her another two months to know her diagnoses and a further couple of months to be relieved of her cough and became asymptomatic. Chronic cough management in primary care often needs an empiric integrative approach and requires good doctor-patient rapport with informed follow ups and continuity of care to be successful

Nutritional Approach for Integrative Medicine / 한양의대학술지

Nutrition is essential for our health. Various foods we take everyday are essential to live. Nutrients interact within and between all relevant biological, social and environmental systems. Because of the lack of evidence we don't realize that nutritional problems are critical. But, nutrition is a very critical for treatment and prevention of diseases. So, there is huge interest in the area of nutrition and health, including nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Especially, the importance of micro-nutrients is revealed in many aspects of health, especially in chronic diseases. Diabetes Mellitus is an example. Depletion and unbalanced micro-nutrients can create very severe illnesses, so an integrative approach on nutrition is very important.

Psicoterapia de grupo para mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo / Group psychotherapy for women with high-risk pregnancies

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta de intervención psicoterapéutica con mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo atendidas en una institución de salud reproductiva Ciudad de México. Por llevarse a cabo dentro de una institución, se plantea un modelo de intervención breve, focalizado, basado en el enfoque integrador de la psicoterapia. Se describen las principales características del grupo, la conflictiva presentada por estas mujeres, los temas abordados, así como las técnicas empleadas más relevantes.

The aim of this work is to present a proposal for a psychotherapeutic intervention with women with high-risk pregnancies that are attending a reproductive health facility from México City. Because it was carried out within a health institution, this is a model of brief intervention, focused, and based on the integrative approach to psychotherapy. It describes the main features of the group, the conflict presented by these women, the topics that emerged, and the most relevant techniques used.