Enlightenment of Prevention Experience of Scientific Misconduct in Extraterritorial Medical Field to China / 中国医学伦理学

Scientific misconduct of researchers causes great waste of academic resources and academic life, which is not only related to the vigorous development of a country’s scientific undertaking, but also directly affects the reputation of the country in the field of scientific research. Based on the analysis of the causes of scientific misconduct of medical researchers in China, this paper comprehensively summarized a series of mature experiences of extraterritorial medical field in preventing scientific misconduct, and put forward corresponding and reasonable countermeasures and suggestions for China’s scientific research governance from three aspects: establishing an effective governance structure based on the normative framework, clarifying the definition standards of scientific research dishonesty in laws and regulations, and formulating good prevention procedures in a healthy academic environment, in order to promote the healthy development of scientific research in China’s medical field and further promote the innovation and progress of medical science and technology.

Research on the Path of Optimizing the "Ideological and Creative Integration" in Traditional Chinese Medicine Universities under the Perspective of the Great Anti-epidemic Spirit / 中国医学伦理学

The great anti-epidemic spirit is the brightest spiritual symbol of the anti-epidemic struggle and the inheritance and development of the spirit of patriotism, collectivism and socialism. Under the context of normalized epidemic prevention and control, it is necessary to give full play to the leading role of the great anti-epidemic spirit and explore the new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship education of "ideological and creative integration" in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) universities. Summarized the educational value of anti-epidemic spirit, boost TCM universities to realize cultural education and promote TCM cultural inheritance and innovation; analyzed the difficulties existing in the process of "ideological and creative integration" in TCM universities, and provide accurate direction for optimizing the path of "ideological and creative integration" in TCM universities. To explore the multiple paths of "ideological and creative integration" in TCM universities requires multi-party cooperation, joint management, accelerating the optimization of "ideological and creative integration", and establishing a hierarchical "ideological and creative integration" system, so as to provide new ideas for us to implement the educational goal of "establishing moral integrity in cultivation" under the background of normalized epidemic prevention and control.

Investigation and Analysis of Online Training Mode of Scientific Research Ethics for Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

In the training process of medical students in clinical stage,it is very important to strengthen the medical students’ scientific research integrity and ethical awareness and pay attention to the promotion of their scientific research ethics literacy. The traditional training mode is generally through giving lectures in the classroom. In the current COVID-19 prevention and control normalization period,online training mode through network courses,video training,and learning materials sharing has been used to carry out training on scientific research ethics. This online training mode can effectively use students’ scattered time,which makes the training more convenient and students’ participation is higher. Through the questionnaire survey of 350 clinical medical students,this study analyzed the training courses related to scientific ethics that they hope to offer through online training,as well as specific training materials,application software and other issues,in order to enrich the content of online training,update information in a timely manner,and improve the effectiveness of scientific research ethics training.

Probing into the Integrated Ideological and Political Construction of Medical College Curriculum under the Background of Epidemic Prevention and Control Normalization / 中国医学伦理学

The basic task of the integrated construction of ideological and political education through curriculum of medical colleges and universities is to establish morality and cultivate people. The integrated construction requires all medical colleges and universities, all medical specialties, all medical courses and all teaching links to be fully promoted and implemented, at the same time, the construction of ideological and political education through curriculum in medical colleges and universities should deal with such problems as the presentation of the connotation of the construction of ideological and political education through curriculum, the orientation of the ideological and political education through curriculum and the ideological and political curriculums, the professional and ideological and political construction of the curriculum, the integration of undergraduate and graduate students, etc.. From the organization and leadership guarantee, the evaluation mechanism system, key points of curriculum classification, the curriculum teaching actuality and the talented teacher team to improve and strengthen the integrated construction of ideological and political education through curriculum.

Estudio mediante cuestionarios anónimos de las fallas en la integridad científica del personal de investigación latinoamericano, 2001-2020

el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar fallas a la integridad científica por parte de personal de investigación latinoamericano. Metodología: se realizaron cuestionarios anónimos y voluntarios después de tratar este tema en 121 cursos de redacción científica / taller de tesis dictados en Latinoamérica, sobre todo en Argentina, durante 20 años (2001-2020). Resultados: las 2064 respuestas válidas mostraron que un 60 % tenía cinco o más años de egreso, 48,6 % señalaron coautoría indebida y 28,9 % que su nombre fue omitido de publicaciones. Un 24,9 % reconoció haber cometido alguna clase de mala conducta en su carrera. La coacción a que fue sometido para que lo hiciera fue reconocida por un 56,7 %. El 60,7 % de las 512 personas ignoraba que era un error. La coautoría indebida fue la mala conducta más frecuente (46 %), seguida de plagio y falseamiento de datos. En relatos conocidos de primera mano se destacan: publicación en salamín, duplicación y robo de datos, así como soborno y manipulación de imágenes. Ninguna de las personas que tomaron cursos previos de formación en bioética (0/560) cometieron motu propio actos inadecuados. Conclusión: el personal científico comete un porcentaje relativamente elevado de fallas a la integridad científica; impartir cursos de integridad científica tiene un fuerte rol en el autocontrol para evitarlas.

Objective: This work aims to analyze failures in scientific integrity on the part of Latin American research personnel. Methodology: anonymous and voluntary questionnaires were carried out after dealing with this topic in 121 scientific writing courses/thesis workshops in Latin America, mainly in Argentina, for 20 years (2001-2020). Results: The 2064 valid responses showed that 60% had five or more years of graduation, 48.6% indicated improper co-authorship, and 28.9% that their name was omitted from publications. 24.9% acknowledged having omitted their name from publications. Some 24.9% acknowledged having committed some misconduct in their career. The coercion to which he was subjected to do so was recognized by 56.7%. 60.7 % of the 512 people were unaware that it was a mistake. Misconduct was the most frequent misconduct (46 %), followed by plagiarism and misrepresentation of data. In first-hand accounts, salami publication, data duplication, theft, bribery, and image manipulation stand out. None of the persons who took previous bioethics training courses (0/560) committed inappropriate acts of their own accord. Conclusion: scientific personnel commits a relatively high percentage of scientific integrity failures; providing scientific integrity courses has a decisive role in self-monitoring to avoid them.

Objetivo: analisar falhas na integridade científica por parte de equipe de pesquisa latino- -americana. Metodologia: foram analisados questionários anônimos e voluntários depois de tratar esse tema em 121 cursos de redação científica/oficina de tese ministrados na América Latina, principalmente na Argentina, durante 20 anos (2001-2020). Resultados: as 2.064 respostas válidas mostraram que 60 % tinham cinco ou mais anos de formados, 48,6 % indicaram coautoria indevida e 28,9 % que seu nome foi omitido de publicações. 24,9 % reconheceram ter cometido alguma classe de mau comportamento em sua carreira. A coação a qual foi submetido para que o fizesse foi reconhecida por 56,7 %. 60,7 % das 512 pessoas ignoravam que era um erro. A coautoria indevida foi o mau comportamento mais frequente (46 %), seguida de plágio e falseamento de dados. Em relatos conhecidos de primeira mão se destacam: publicação "salame", duplicação e roubo de dados, bem como suborno e manipulação de imagens. Nenhuma das pessoas que fizeram cursos prévios de formação em bioética (0/560) cometeram motu propio atos inadequados. Conclusão: o pessoal científico comete uma porcentagem relativamente elevado de falhas na integridade científica; dar cursos de integridade científica tem um forte papel no autocontrole para evitá-las.

Ética e integridad académica en la formación doctoral: el caso de los doctorados en educación en las universidades chilenas / Ethics and academic integrity in doctoral training: the case of doctorates in education in Chilean universities / Ética e integridade acadêmica na formação pós-graduada: o caso dos doutorados em educação nas universidades chilenas

El presente artículo analiza, a partir de una revisión documental de planes y programas de curso de los doctorados en Educación activos en Chile, en qué medida y cómo los programas de formación de futuros investigadores en educación doctoral abordan el desafío de integrar la educación ética en su diseño curricular. Mediante un análisis temático de la documentación oficial de los programas se identificaron y analizaron diversos elementos relacionados con ética de la investigación e integridad académica abordados en la formación doctoral, su enfoque prevalente (normativo o de discernimiento ético), su orientación (propositiva o de prevención) y la profundidad con que son tratados esos aspectos. Los resultados muestran que solo un tercio de los actuales programas abordan de manera explícita la formación ética en investigación, y que, en estos casos, su abordaje tiende a subrayar aspectos más formales que de fondo, acotados fundamentalmente al cumplimiento del protocolo de consentimiento informado.

This article analyzes to what extent and how training programs for future researchers in doctoral education address the challenge of integrating ethical training in their curricular design. Based on a documentary review of course plans and postgraduate programs in education active in Chile, the explicit presence of ethical aspects and academic integrity in their training plans was examined. Through a thematic analysis of the official documentation of the programs, we identified and analyzed various elements related to research ethics and academic integrity addressed in doctoral training, their prevalent approach normative or ethical discernment, their orientation proactive or preventive and the depth with which these aspects are treated. The results show that only one-third of the current programs explicitly address ethical training in research and that in these cases, their approach tends to emphasize more formal than substantive aspects, mainly limited to compliance with the informed consent protocol.

O presente artigo analisa, a partir de uma revisão documental de planos e programas de curso dos doutorados em Educação ativos no Chile, em que medida e como os programas de formação de futuros investigadores em educação pós-graduada abordam o desafio de integrar a educação ética em seu plano curricular. Mediante uma análise temática da documentação oficial dos programas se identificaram e analisaram diversos elementos relacionados com ética da investigação e integridade acadêmica abordados na formação pós-graduada, seu enfoque prevalente (normativo ou de discernimento ético), sua orientação (propositiva ou de prevenção) e a profundidade com que são tratados esses aspectos. Os resultados mostram que só um terço dos atuais programas abordam de maneira explícita a formação ética em investigação, e que, nestes casos, sua abordagem tende a ressaltar aspectos mais formais que substanciais, limitados fundamentalmente ao cumprimento do protocolo de consentimento informado.

Insuficientes políticas universitarias sobre integridad científica y su relación con la denegación de licenciamiento institucional

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre las políticas institucionales sobre integridad científica y la obtención de licenciamiento en universidades peruanas. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de observación documental y análisis de la normativa peruana sobre evaluación de la calidad universitaria, licenciamiento de universidades, normativa de integridad científica y resoluciones de denegación de licencias de funcionamiento de universidades. Se encontró que, de las 48 universidades y 2 escuelas de postgrado que no demostraron en su evaluación el cumplimiento de las Condiciones Básicas de Calidad, bajo el Modelo de Licenciamiento Institucional, 32 universidades y 1 escuela de postgrado (66%) han sido observadas por presentar deficiencias en aspectos relacionados con políticas de integridad científica requisitas. El estudio concluye en que la política universitaria de integridad científica es un criterio importante para recibir el Licenciamiento Institucional en el sistema universitario peruano.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between institutional policies on scientific integrity and licensing of Peruvian universities. It is a descriptive study analyzing Peruvian regulations on university quality assessment, university licensing (accreditation), scientific integrity regulations and the denial of university operating licenses. It was found that, of the 48 universities and 2 graduate schools that did not meet the Basic Quality Conditions under the Peruvian Institutional Licensing Model, 32 universities and 1 graduate school (66%) had deficiencies related to required scientific integrity policies. The study concludes that universities' scientific integrity policies are an important criterion for receiving Institutional Licensing in the Peruvian university system.

Influence of cavity design on quality of margin and marginal adaptation and microleakage of all-ceramic CAD/CAM inlays / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of 135° and 90° cavity design on quality of margin and marginal adaptation and microleakage of all-ceramic computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlays.@*METHODS@#One hundred extracted human molars were prepared by criteria of buccal occlusal (BO) inlay. On the buccal, the mesial margin was prepared as 135° bevel while the distal margin was prepared as butt-joint. All-ceramic restorations were made in the Sirona CEREC AC CAD/CAM system with VitaBlocs Mark Ⅱ, Upcera UP.CAD, IPS e.max CAD, Upcera Hyramic and Lava Ultimate. The gaps between each inlay's mesial margin-abutment and distal margin-abutment were recorded under an optical microscope. Each inlay was adhered to the abutment and aged by thermal cycling for 10 000 times. Each specimen was cut into 3 slices after staining. Dye penetration was evaluated under an optical microscope for mesial and distal margins.@*RESULTS@#Mean marginal integrity rate, mean marginal gap value and mean depth of microleakage of 135° margin of Group Upcera Hyramic and Lava Ultimate were significantly better than those of Group VitaBlocs Mark Ⅱ, Upcera UP.CAD and IPS e.max CAD(P < 0.05). Mean marginal gap value, mean depth of microleakage and scale of mean depth of microleakage of 90° margin of Group Upcera Hyramic and Lava Ultimate were significantly better than those of Group Upcera UP.CAD and IPS e.max CAD (P < 0.05) while mean marginal integrity rate was not significantly different (P>0.05). Mean marginal integrity rate of 90° margin was significantly better than that of 135° margin in each group (P < 0.05) while mean depth of microleakage between different margins was not significantly different in each group (P>0.05). Mean marginal gap value of 90° margin of Group VitaBlocs Mark Ⅱ and IPS e.max CAD was significantly better than that of 135° margin (P < 0.05) while there was not significant difference in other 3 groups between 90° and 135° margin (P>0.05). Scale of mean depth of microleakage of 135° margin of Group Upcera Hyramic and Lava Ultimate was significant better than that of 90° margin (P < 0.05) while there was not significantly different in other 3 groups between 90° and 135° margin (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The mesial and distal margins of abutement of all-ceramic inlay should be prepared as butt-joint.

Analysis of research integrity education and cognitions of academic misconduct among master post-graduate students in a university-affiliated hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:The present study was designed to strengthen the education of research integrity, and to improve the awareness of academic misconduct and academic literacy of medical post-graduate students.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted with master post-graduate students of a university affiliated hospital, and statistical analysis on the education of research integrity and the perception of academic misconduct among the survey respondents was performed.Results:Academic master post-graduate students′ cognitions of the misconduct in scientific research process and overall academic misconduct were better than that of professional master post-graduate students, and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). The more times of participation in research integrity training, the better cognition of misconduct of scientific research process, research results publication process, and overall academic misconduct, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The education on scientific research integrity of medical post-graduates should be carried out systematically, while the content should be improved and the form should be enriched for scientific research integrity education, so that the medical post-graduates can have a deeper understanding of the code of academic practices, and an education model of scientific research integrity for medical post-graduate which is suitable for China′s national conditions can be gradually developed.

Discussion on countermeasures of medical research integrity governance: Analysis of medical research integrity cases based on the notification of ministry of science and technology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To study the characteristics and patterns of medical research integrity cases reported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and to explore the countermeasures to strengthen the management of medical research integrity.Methods:20 batches of 555 cases of scientific research integrity cases publicly reported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China from June 2021 to May 2022 were taken as the research objects, and the papers involved, regional distribution, scientific research dishonesty and disciplinary measures were classified and analyzed.Results:Data falsification was the most common problem of scientific research dishonesty, accounting for 47.39%. Shandong Province was the province with the most reported cases, accounting for 50.81%. 27.67% of the corresponding authors received 5 disciplinary measures, and 26.28% of the first authors received 6 disciplinary measures. Among the disciplinary measures, the proportion of suspension of applications for various scientific research projects was the highest, with 87.60% of corresponding authors and 91.42% of first authors receiving this punishment. The corresponing authors with 5 years suspension accounted for 49.24% of all years, and the first authors accounted for 57.48%.Conclusions:To promote the integrity governance of medical research, we should strengthen the supervision of medical journals, promote regional exchanges, encourage active error correction, and improve the construction of scientific research integrity database.

The future of blended teaching: The minimalist BASIC reform model / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Under the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the disadvantages of traditional blended teaching, which has been developed for 20 years, are gradually being revealed. With the help of modern network technology and under the guidance of minimalism, the new blended teaching model adheres to the principle of systematic, holistic, ecological, and collaborative reform and thus can not only efficiently realize the teaching goal of "improvement in self-learning ability and high-order thinking ability", but also achieve innovation and inheritance of "excellent teaching concepts and methods". On this basis, this study forms the "151 framework and BASIC mechanism", which will promote the reform and upgrading of blended teaching from point to surface and then to a three-dimensional structure and ensure that blended teaching has stronger vitality in the new era.

Return to the Patient’s Nature / 中国医学伦理学

Medicine is essentially an anthropology, and the patient role is characterized by integrity and subjectivity. With the progress of science and technology and social development, the contemporary patient role has become alienated. The specific manifestations of patient role alienation were analyzed from four aspects, including the objectification of the patient role and the blurring of the patient boundaries in sociology, the objectification of the patient role and the indexing of patients’ pain in technology, the challenge of patient life and health rights and the alienation of informed consent rights in law, and the instrumentalization of patient role and the fragility of patient subjectivity in economics. This paper proposed that the coordination of technology and humanities, the return to the nature of patients, and the concern for the needs of patients are essential in the development of modern medicine.

Integrity and Innovation of Ethical Review in Clinical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the New Era:Practice on the Construction of Ethical Review System in Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital / 中国医学伦理学

Under the background of scientific and technological innovation in the new era, ethical review of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is facing new opportunities and challenges. Focusing on how to maintain integrity and innovation in the ethical review work of TCM clinical research in TCM medical institutions, starting from the characteristics of innovation and inheritance of TCM clinical research, this paper discussed the construction of the ethical review system of TCM clinical research, key elements of attention, shortcomings and deficiencies, training and communication, etc. It is also proposed that the joint construction of a Chinese characteristic scientific and technological ethics governance system should consider the unique requirements of modern technological means for the ethical review of scientific and technological projects such as dialectical treatment, re-evaluation of prescription projects, and expansion of indications in clinical research of TCM; innovate the form of review and strengthen the process management of ethical review; scientifically, objectively and impartially evaluate the scientific nature and social value of clinical research projects in TCM; pay attention to the toxic side effects of TCM, especially compound preparations. So as to further improve the procedural norms and quality of ethical review of clinical research of TCM, protect the legitimate rights and interests and safety of subjects, and promote the development of medicine in China.

Dimethyl acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide associated at glucose and egg yolk for cryopreservation of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans semen

This study aimed to develop a protocol for the cryopreservation of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans semen. For this, mature males were hormonally induced with a single dose of carp pituitary extract (5 mg/kg body weight). Semen was collected and evaluated. Two cryoprotectants were tested to compose the diluents: dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), in two concentrations (8% and 10%), + 5.0% glucose + 10% egg yolk. The semen was diluted in a 1: 4 ratio (semen: extender), packed in 0.5 mL straws and frozen in a dry shipper container in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, sperm kinetics, sperm morphology and DNA integrity of cryopreserved sperm were evaluated. Pseudoplatystoma corruscans males produced semen with sperm motility > 80%. After thawing, all treatments provided semen with total sperm motility > 40%, with no significant difference (P < 0.05) between them, as well as between the other sperm kinetic parameters evaluated. The treatments with DMA provided a smaller fragmentation of the DNA of the gametes. Sperm malformations were identified in both fresh and cryopreserved semen, with a slight increase in these malformations being identified in sperm from thawed P. corruscans semen samples.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo para a criopreservação do sêmen de Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Para tal, machos maduros foram induzidos hormonalmente com uma dose única de extrato de hipófise de carpa (5 mg/kg de peso vivo). O sêmen foi coletado e avaliado. Sendo testados para compor os diluentes, dois crioprotetores: dimetil acetamida (DMA) e dimetil sulfóxido (Me2SO), em duas concentrações (8% e 10%), + 5,0% glicose + 10% gema de ovo. O sêmen foi diluído na proporção 1: 4 (sêmen: extensor), embalado em palhetas de 0,5 mL e congelado em container dryshipper em vapores de nitrogênio líquido. Após o descongelamento, foram avaliados os aspectos cinéticos espermáticos, a morfologia espermática e a integridade do DNA dos espermatozoides criopreservados. Os machos de P. corruscans produziram sêmen com motilidade espermática > 80%. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram após o descongelamento sêmen com motilidade espermática total > 40%, sem diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre eles, como também entre os demais parâmetros cinéticos espermáticos avaliados. Os tratamentos com DMA proporcionaram uma menor fragmentação do DNA dos gametas. Malformações espermáticas foram identificadas, tanto no sêmen fresco, como no criopreservado, sendo identificado um aumento discreto dessas malformações nos espermatozoides das amostras de sêmen descongeladas de P. corruscans.(AU)

Role of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in the maintenance of colonic mucosal integrity in an experimental colitis model

The role of cyclooxygenase (COXs) isoforms in maintaining colonic mucosal integrity is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the role of COX-1 and -2 on colonic mucosal integrity in an experimental colitis model. Colitis was induced in Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (20 mg + 50% ethanol). The control group (sham group) received saline only. After 7, 14, or 28 days, colonic samples were removed, and macroscopic lesion scores, wet weight, myeloperoxidase activity, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were determined. In other rat groups, colonic samples from the sham group and a 7th day post-colitis group were mounted in Üssing chambers with the luminal side exposed to a buffer solution (control), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor). TER and epithelial permeability to fluorescein were measured. The 7th day colitis group had higher macroscopic damage scores, wet weight, and myeloperoxidase activity and lower basal TER than the sham, 14th day colitis, and 28th day colitis groups. Inhibition of COX-1 but not COX-2 significantly decreased TER and increased permeability to fluorescein in the 7th day post-colitis group compared to the sham group. Additionally, ASA decreased the colonic mucosal integrity on day seven post-colitis compared to the sham group. A decrease in the colonic mucosa integrity in the experimental colitis model can be aggravated only by the inhibition of COX-1, which demonstrated the importance of this enzyme in the maintenance of colonic mucosal integrity.

Effect of social trust on health information exchange in social network sites

Background: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the role of social trust in health information exchange on social network sites (SNSs). In the light of the confusion and panic about health information leading to and during the worldwide lockdown, in an attempt to control the spread and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the sharing of health information on SNS did not start during the COVID-19 lockdown, the concerns about health information interchange were highlighted during the lockdown. Objectives: This study investigates the nature of the association between health information exchange and social trust and how social trust has influenced health information exchange from 2005 to 2021. Method: In line with the purpose of the study, the researcher applied a systematic literature review to review conference articles, accredited journal articles and book chapters. The review process involved a rigorous procedure towards a definition of review protocol, extraction of articles, formulation of selection criteria and the review itself. Results: This study reveals a transactional interplay between the constructs of social trust (benevolence, integrity and competence) and social network site user roles (information seeker, information passer and information giver). Conclusion: In summary, the researcher argues that public health officials would benefit from setting up an SNS that proactively provides health information. The health information exchange experience should be designed in a way that takes into account how social trust can be used to moderate health information exchange in the SNS by different types.

Un caso de publicación en revista médica pirata / A case of publication in a predatory medical journal

Las revistas piratas o depredadoras (predatory journals en inglés) son cada vez más frecuentes y sorprenden en su buena fe a investigadores/as que buscan publicar sus manuscritos. Este artículo presenta un caso de descubrimiento y demostración de publicación en una revista pirata y un conjunto de sugerencias para evitar este error, como un aporte a profesionales de ciencias de la salud que realizan actividades de investigación. El resultado de las investigaciones mostró que la revista European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology(EJGO) es una revista pirata: fundada en 1980, solo desde 2020 posee International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) digital: sus primeras editoras, hasta 2020, no trabajaban en el área disciplinar de la revista ni pudieron ser rastreadas en ORCID; su actual editor no responde correos; la dirección postal de la editorial es la misma de una empresa canadiense importadora de juguetes. Hasta 2021 no poseía una plataforma web para el envío del manuscrito sino se enviaba el trabajo a un correo electrónico genérico. A raíz de nuestras denuncias fue suspendida de Scopus (Scimago) y Clarivate (Web of Science). Cuando Clarivate forzó a EJGO a avisar a sus lectores que estaba suspendida, inmediatamente cambió su página web y la empresa editora. En síntesis, se muestra un caso real de publicación en una revista pirata, la detección y comprobación de que dicha revista efectivamente cae en esta categoría y el aporte de conceptos y definiciones para tener en cuenta a fin de evitar caer en este error. (AU)

Predatory journals are becoming more frequent every day and surprise researchers who seek to publish their manuscripts. This article presents a case of discovery and demonstration of publication in a predatory journal and a set of suggestions to avoid this error, in a contribution to the education of health science professionals. The result of the research showed that the European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology (EJGO) is a pirate journal: founded in 1980, it obtainthe digital International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) in 2020; its former editors, until 2020, do not work in the disciplinary area of the journal and could not be tracked in ORCID, the new editor did not respond any mail; the postal address of the publisher is the same as that of a Canadian toy import company. Until 2021, it did not have a web platform for sending the manuscript, but rather the work was sent to a generic email. As a result of our complaints, it was suspended from Scopus (Scimago) and Clarivate (Web of Science).When Clarivate forced EJGO to notify its readers that it was suspended, it immediately changed its website and publisher. In brief, a real case of publication in a predatory journal is shown, the detection and verification that this journal actually falls into this category and contribution of concepts and definitions to avoid falling into this error. (AU)

CTRI requirement of prospective trial registration: Not always consistent

In a clinical trial registry, one determines whether a trial is registered prospectively or retrospectively by comparing the date of registration with the date on which enrollment started. However, in Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI), in addition, the top of each record is labelled with the phrase “Trial Registered Prospectively” or “Trial Registered Retrospectively”. In examining CTRI records, we have found that (a) although retrospective registration has been disallowed from April 1, 2018, some trials were registered retrospectively; (b) in some cases, enrollment started after registration, even though they were labelled “Trial Registered Retrospectively”, which is misleading; and (c) in some cases, the date of first enrollment was modified, changing a retrospective registration to a prospective one, although the label “Trial Registered Retrospectively” persisted. This, too, is misleading. The CTRI administration should take suitable steps to prevent late registration and mislabelling of trials regarding their registration status.

Urgência da geração de conhecimento durante a pandemia de covid-19: um retrospecto sobre a integridade em publicações em saúde / Urgency of knowledge generation during the covid-19 pandemic: a retrospective on health publication integrity / Urgencia de generación de conocimiento durante la pandemia de covid-19: una retrospectiva a la integridad en las publicaciones sobre salud

Durante a pandemia de covid-19, foi observado um aumento expressivo do número de publicações (artigos e preprints), que levou ao rápido compartilhamento de informações e incentivou a discussão sobre a integridade científica na geração do conhecimento durante emergências sanitárias. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de realizar uma breve análise do cenário referente à integridade em pesquisa em publicações em saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19. Para isso, fizemos uma pesquisa documental em sites de organizações com histórico de promoção da cultura da integridade. Verificamos como a urgência de geração de conhecimento acelerou, de forma positiva, o debate sobre ética e integridade em pesquisa e ciência aberta. Por outro lado, esse contexto expôs pontos críticos, como práticas questionáveis e/ou fraude em pesquisa. Ações educativas em instituições de pesquisa que visem à implementação e à manutenção da cultura da integridade podem contribuir significativamente para transformações positivas no sistema de pesquisa

During the covid-19 pandemic, a significant increase in the number of publications (articles and preprints) was observed, which led to the rapid sharing of information and encouraged the discussion about scientific integrity in the generation of knowledge during health emergencies. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze research integrity in health publications during the covid-19 pandemic. For this goal, we conducted documentary research on websites of organizations that promote the culture of research integrity. We verified how the urgency of generating knowledge positively accelerated the debate on ethics and integrity in research and open science. On the other hand, this context exposed critical points, such as questionable research practices, and/or research fraud. Educational actions in research institutions aimed at implementing and maintaining a culture of integrity can significantly contribute to positive changes in the research system.

Durante la pandemia de covid-19, se observó un aumento en el número de publicaciones (artículos y preprints), lo que condujo al rápido intercambio de información y fomentó la discusión sobre la integridad científica en la generación de conocimiento durante las emergencias sanitarias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis sobre la integridad de la investigación en publicaciones de salud durante la pandemia de covid-19. Realizamos una investigación documental en sitios web de organizaciones con trayectoria en la promoción de una cultura de integridad. Comprobamos cómo la urgencia de generar conocimiento aceleró positivamente el debate sobre ética e integridad en la investigación y la ciencia abierta, pero expuso puntos críticos, tales como prácticas cuestionables y/o fraude de investigación. Las acciones educativas en instituciones de investigación dirigidas a implementar y mantener una cultura de integridad pueden contribuir a cambios positivos en el sistema de investigación.

Responsabilização em más condutas científicas: opinião de editores do SciELO / Accountability to scientific misconduct: the SciELO editors' view / Responsabilidad por malas conductas científicas: opinión de los editores de SciELO

Responsabilização (accountability) em comunicação e editoração científica é um importante tema em ética e integridade em pesquisa, e um dos grandes desafios atuais da ciência. Este artigo apresenta um estudo descritivo sobre a responsabilização e os seus atores na comunicação científica (autores, revisores, editores), partindo da questão da responsabilização desses atores e das más condutas científicas vista por editores de revista SciELO do Brasil e de países da América Latina. Apresenta resultados a partir da visão dos editores em que os autores são responsáveis, e, parcialmente, os revisores e os próprios editores

Accountability in scientific communication and publishing is an important topic in ethics and research integrity, and one of the great challenges of science today. This article presents a descriptive study on accountability and its actors in scientific communication (authors, reviewers, editors), starting from the issue of accountability of these actors and from the scientific misconducts viewed by SciELO journals editors in Brazil and Latin America. Based on the editors' view, it stands that the authors are responsible, and the reviewers and the editors are partially responsible

La responsabilidad (accountability) en la comunicación y publicación científica es un tema importante en la ética y la integridad en la investigación, y uno de los grandes desafíos de la ciencia actual. Este artículo presenta un estudio descriptivo sobre la responsabilidad y sus actores en la comunicación científica (autores, revisores, editores), a partir de la cuestión de responsabilidad de estos actores y de las malas conductas científicas vista por los editores de revista SciELO en Brasil y en países de América Latina. Presenta resultados en la visión de los editores de que los autores son responsables, y los revisores y los propios editores son parcialmente responsables.