Implementación de la tecnología educativa en las Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas / Implementation of educational technology in the Basic Biomedical Sciences

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de los medios en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje ha evolucionado desde sus inicios con una tendencia al aumento en los diferentes tipos de enseñanzas, enfocado principalmente a la instrucción programada, donde el control de los aprendizajes está en función de renovar y predecir los comportamientos y las conductas esperadas en los alumnos. Objetivo: Exponer los principales resultados de la implementación del software educativo sobre Tejido Epitelial en la asignatura Célula, Tejidos y Sistema tegumentario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, en el Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en el primer semestre del curso 2019-2020. La aplicación del software de Tejido Epitelial, como tecnología educativa facilita el aprendizaje de materias, ayuda a resolver problemas y contribuye a desarrollar habilidades cognitivasen los estudiantes favoreciendo un aprendizaje desarrollador. Conclusiones: El software educativo: Tejido Epitelial, constituye una herramienta útil para el aprendizaje del tema que posibilita mejorar la evaluación como componente del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura Célula, tejidos y sistema tegumentario y requiere del compromiso y la actualización permanente del docente para lograr un uso pertinente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of the media in the teaching and learning processes has evolved since its inception with an increasing trend in the different types of teaching, mainly focused on programmed instruction, was the control of learning is in function of renewing and predicts behaviors and expected behaviors in students. Objective: To present the main results of the implementation of the educational software epithelial tissue, in the subject Cell, tissues and integumentary system. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, in the first semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The application of epithelial tissue software, as an educational technology, facilitates the learning of subjects, helps to solve problems and contributes to developing cognitive skills in students, favoring developer learning. Conclusions: The educational software: Epithelial Tissue, constitutes a useful tool for learning the subject that makes it possible to improve the evaluation as a component of the teaching-learning process of the subject Cell, tissues and integumentary system and requires the commitment and permanent updating of the teacher to achieve relevant use.

A brief analysis of projects completed at the end of 2017 and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of skin and its appendages / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To analyze projects completed at the end of 2017 and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of skin and its appendages,in order to provide references for preparing concluding reports and making discipline development strategies in the future.Methods The concluding reports of projects completed at the end of 2017 and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of skin and its appendages were collected from the Internet-based Science Information System.The achievements were analyzed,including journal articles,patents,talent training and monographs.Results A total of 91 projects were completed at the end of 2017 in the field of skin and its appendages,and the total cost of funds was 43.51 million RMB Yuan.A total of 452 journal articles were published,including 324 articles in the Science Citation Index (SCI)-indexed journals and 42 in the A Guide to the Core Journal of China-indexed journals.Additionally,0.74 SCI journal article and 0.10 Chinese core journal article could be produced per 100 000 RMB Yuan.The average impact factor of journals publishing these SCI articles was 3.972,and in average,100 000 RMB Yuan yielded 1 article in the journal with an impact factor of 2.92.Of the 324 published articles,46 and 102 were published in journals ranked within the first (Q1) and second (Q2) quartile,respectively,by Chinese Academy of Sciences.In all the SCI articles,14 were published in journals with impact factor of ＞ 10.There were 4 institutions with more than 5 completed projects,and a total of 129 (39.84％) SCI articles were published.Published SCI articles in the field of immune skin diseases accounted for the highest proportion (148/324,45.68％).A total of 152 talents were trained.Conclusions The support of NSFC in basic researches in the field of skin and its appendages has led to substantial achievements.More attention should be paid to the writing of concluding reports.Innovation consciousness should be raised,and project leaders should make more original and leading achievements in the future.

Desacondicionamiento físico de sistemas osteomuscular y tegumentario en pacientes en unidad de cuidado intensivo / Musculoskeletal and integumentary systems physical deconditioning in intensive care unit patients

Este trabajo se propuso determinar la importancia de la fisioterapia en el desacondicionamiento físico a nivel osteomuscular y tegumentario, de usuarios que ingresan a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) adulto de la clínica Emcosalud, Neiva. Bohórquez, Martínez, Vargas, 2008 y Hernández, Benjumea y Tuso 2013, describen que el desempeño del fisioterapeuta radica en la prevención de las complicaciones por inmovilidad y la movilización temprana con el fin de rees-tablecer la funcionalidad; mientras que Pardo (2001) describe las manifestaciones clínicas cursa-das por un usuario en hospitalización. Otros trabajos establecen la importancia de la actividad física en unidades de cuidado critico (Gordillo, Díaz, y Montenegro, 2008) pero muy poco sobre la influencia de la fisioterapia en este ámbito. Se realizó un estudio con diseño cuasi experimen-tal, muestreo no probabilístico causal o incidental a 15 usuarios que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión: ingresar a UCI, mayores de 18 años, participación voluntaria. Se observaron cambios importantes a nivel de la flexibilidad y movilidad articular en 8 usuarios (80%), post interven-ción. En el sistema tegumentario, las propiedades tróficas mostraron mejoría, mientras que las mecánicas mejoraron de acuerdo a la flexibilidad muscular que se alcanzara. Ningún usuario presentó escaras. Se concluye sobre la importancia de la fisioterapia a nivel de la rehabilitación en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo, evitando el deterioro de los sistemas osteomuscular y tegu-mentario, contribuyendo a la prevención de las complicaciones asociadas al reposo prolongado

This work shows the influence of physiotherapy on physical deconditioning, on the musculos-keletal and integumentary systems, of users who enter ICUadults EMCOSALUD clinic, Nei-va. (Hernandez,Benjumea y Tuso 2013), describethat performance of the physiotherapist is the prevention of complications of immobility and facilitates early mobilization in order to restore functionality aspect shared by (Bohorquez, Martinez y Vargas 2008); while (Pardo, 2001) descri-bes the clinical manifestations studied by a user in hospitalization.Other articles establish the importance of physical activity in critical care units (Gordillo, Díaz y Montenegro, 2008), but very little about the role of physical therapy in this area. A study with a Quasi-experimental method was conducted causal or incidental non-probability sampling to 15 users who met inclusion criteria: entering ICU, over 18 years, voluntary participation.Impor-tant changes were observed in terms of flexibility and articular mobilityin 8 users (80%), post intervention. Integumentary system trophic properties showed improvement, while mechanics improved according to muscular flexibility to reach. No user submitted bedsores. Conclusions about the importance of physiotherapy at the level of rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit avoiding the deterioration of the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems, contributing to the prevention of complications associated with prolonged standing.

Desenvolvimento do sistema tegumentar em bovinos com idades gestacionais estimadas de 20 a 140 dias / Development of the integumentary system in bovine with estimated gestational ages from 20 to 140 days

A pele representa parte importante do sistema tegumentar, pois desempenha funções como a proteção contra desidratação, lesões e infecções, além de apresentar alto poder de renovação. Histologicamente, a pele consiste de duas camadas funcionais, morfologicamente distintas, a epiderme e a derme. As glândulas mamárias, capsula ungueal e cornos também fazem parte deste sistema. Devido à escassez de dados na literatura sobre o desenvolvimento da pele e dos anexos de natureza córnea em bovinos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as características morfológicas do desenvolvimento do sistema tegumentar durante os períodos embrionário e fetal em bovinos. Os indivíduos foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo I -embriões de 20-26 dias (n=4); Grupo II -embriões 30-47 dias (n=6) e Grupo III -fetos de 74-140 dias (n=6). Durante o desenvolvimento da pele observou-se diferentes padrões morfológicos de acordo com as regiões analisadas, apresentando índice maior de diferenciação no intervalo entre 30-47 dias de gestação. O aparelho ungueal e a glândula mamária se desenvolvem mais tardiamente entre os dias 74-140 da gestação. Em resumo, estes resultados acerca do desenvolvimento do sistema tegumentar em bovinos, poderão auxiliar na interpretação e compreensão da formação dos órgãos que o constituem, assim como para a compreensão de alterações patológicas associadas à organogênese.

The skin is an important part of the integumentary system, which has important functions such as protection against dehydration, injury and infection, as well as present high potential of renewal. Histologically, the skin consists of two functional layers, that are morphologically distinct, the epidermis and dermis. The mammary glands, ungueal capsule and horn are also part of this system. Due the poor data available on literature about the development of skin and other cornea attachments in bovine, the aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of the integumentary system development during the embryonic and fetal periods in bovine. Individuals were allocated in three groups: Group I -embryos from 20 to 26 days (n=4), Group II -embryos from 30 to 47 days (n=6) and Group III -fetuses from 74 to 140 days (n=6). During the development of the skin it was observed different morphological patterns according to the analyzed regions. Especially, a higher level of differentiation was observed during 30-47 days of gestation. The bovine claw and mammary gland develop later between 74 to 140 days of gestation. In summary, these results related to the development of the integumentary system in bovine may help the analysis and understanding of the development of their organs, as well as the pathological disorders associated to the organogenesis.

Skin lesions of newborns in a neonatal unit: an observational study

Aim: Identify the incidence and prevalence of skin lesions in hospitalized neonates and characterize the identified lesions. Method: Longitudinal, observational and quantitative. Daily studies on 40 newborns in a neonatal unit, during the physical examination, during September and October 2011. Data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results and Discussion: The study identified 195 lesions with an average of five lesions per newborn; incidence was 16%; prevalence was 58% and; average hospitalization period was 37.2 days. Diaper-caused dermatitis was the most common lesion, which progressed to moniliasis complications at a lower rate than previously found in other studies. The findings show statistical significance between the use of anti-fungals for diaper-caused dermatitis and treatment time. Conclusion: The need for preventive lesion treatment, which can improve the quality of life and growth for newborns.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnóstico

Papular elastorrhexis is a rare acquired disease, first described in 1987 by Bordas, which has been very rarely reported in the literature. It is characterized by small asymptomatic non-follicular papules, mainly distributed in the trunk. Histology of the lesions shows homogenization of collagen and fragmentation of elastic fibers in the dermis. The rarity of this disease is probably due to the subtlety and benign nature of clinical and histopathological alterations, which can be easily confused with other pathologies. The authors report the case of a patient with exuberant clinical manifestations typical of elastorrhexis papular.

Elastorrexe papulosa é uma doença adquirida rara, descrita em1987 por Bordas e poucas vezes relatada na literatura. Caracteriza-se por pequenas pápulas, não foliculares, assintomáticas, distribuídas essencialmente no tronco. A histologia das lesões demonstra homogeneização do colágeno e fragmentação de fibras elásticas dérmicas. A raridade dessa entidade provavelmente se deve à sutileza e benignidade das alterações clínicas e histopatológicas, que podem facilmente ser confundidas com inúmeras outras afecções. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com quadro clínico exuberante e característico de elastorrexe papulosa.

Proposição de método simples e barato para o estudo dinâmico da sudorese na pele restaurada pós-queimaduras de segundo grau / Proposal of simple and inexpensive method for the dynamic study of sweating in skin restored after second-degree burns

Introdução: Um sistema integrado para estimular a sudorese e avaliá-la dinâmica e continuadamente com o uso de gravação digital é descrito nesse artigo. Método: Consiste de um pequeno aparelho portátil para estimular a sudorese, funcionando a bateria de 9 volts. As gotas de suor produzidas são monitoradas e podem ser sequencialmente fotografadas ou continuadamente gravadas em vídeo digital por câmera posicionada a certa distância da pele. As imagens são então analisadas por um programa de computador capaz de contar as gotas em momentos específicos, podendo-se acompanhar o desenvolvimento delas até sua confluência. Conclusão: O pequeno tamanho e peso do equipamento fazem-no facilmente transportável. É possível, assim, a gravação continuada e análise dinâmica da sudorese, utilizando um método nacional, simples, barato e pouco trabalhoso.

Introduction: An integrated system to stimulate sweating and evaluate it through dynamic and continuous digital recording is described in this article. Methods: It consists of a small portable device to stimulate sweating, running a 9-volt battery. The drops of sweat produced are monitored and can be photographed sequentially or continuously recorded on digital video by camera positioned at some distance from the skin. The images are then analyzed by software able of countingthe drops at specific time, being able to monitor their development to its confluence. Conclusion: The small size and weight make it easily transportable. It is thus possible to record continuous and dynamic analysis of sweating, using a national method, simple, cheap and not very laborious.

Micoses superficiais e os elementos da resposta imune / Superficial mycosis and the immune response elements

As micoses superficiais são prevalentes em todo o mundo, geralmente ocasionadas por dermatófitos e restritas à camada córnea. A resposta imunológica do hospedeiro às infecções dos fungos dermatófitos depende basicamente das defesas do hospedeiro a metabólitos do fungo, da virulência da cepa ou da espécie infectante e da localização anatômica da infecção. Serão revistos alguns dos fatores da defesa imunológica do hospedeiro que influenciam na eficácia da resposta imune. Em especial, a participação dos receptores de padrão de reconhecimento (PRRs), tais como os receptores toll-like ou os da família lectina (DC-SIGN e dectin-2), que participam da resposta imune inata, conferindo-lhe especificidade e definindo o padrão da resposta imune como um todo. O predomínio celular ou humoral da resposta imune definirá o quadro clínico e o prognóstico da infecção, levando à cura ou cronicidade.

Superficial mycoses are prevalent worldwide. They are often caused by dermatophytes and restricted to the stratum corneum. The host's immune response against infections caused by dermatophytes basically depends on the host's defense against metabolites of the fungi, virulence of the infecting strain or species and anatomical site of the infection. We will review some of the factors of the host's immune defense that influence the efficacy of the immune response. We will particularly review the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors or lectin receptors (DCSIGN and Dectin 2), which participate in the innate immune response, bringing specificity to the immune response and setting its pattern. The predominance of a cellular or humoral immune response determines the clinical manifestations and the prognosis of the infection, leading to healing or chronicity.

Contribuição do diagnóstico por imagem para a dermatologia / Contribution of diagnostic imaging in dermatology

O diagnóstico por imagem apresenta um papel cada vez mais importante em relação a dermatologia. Isso se deve aos recentes avanços tecnológicos, sobretudo nas últimas duas semanas. O sistema tegumentar é o maior órgão do corpo humano. Vários processos patológicos cutâneos levam a alterações em outras partes do corpo humano. Ao mesmo tempo, várias alterações de natureza sistêmica podem ser detectadas pelas manifestações cutâneas. A superfície cutânea permite avaliação direita. E os métodos de imagem têm papel complementar, dividido em avaliação loco regional e sistêmica. Dentre eles, destaca-se estadiamento de neoplasias cutâneas. Nesta revisão são apresentados os métodos mais comumente utilizados.