Ethical Challenges and Countermeasures of Doctor-patient Relationship in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Medical Treatment / 中国医学伦理学

Medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) makes the traditional doctor-patient relationship present a new pattern, but also highlights many ethical problems: inability to protect the rights and interests of patients, weakening the main responsibility of medical personnel, weakening the practical ability of medical personnel, and challenging the main status of medical personnel, etc.. It is necessary to improve relevant laws, regulations and regulatory system, adhere to the main status of medical personnel, improve the public awareness and acceptance of medical AI, and strengthen the construction of ethical system of AI, so as to deal with the ethical anomie caused by intelligent medical treatment and promote the harmonious development of doctor-patient relationship. It is expected that through the combination of AI and professional ethics principles, AI will be brought into daily clinical practice responsibly, to provide patients with better medical services.

Opinion on the development and research status of intelligent ophthalmology in China / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including technological advancements, academic exchange platforms, policy support, future challenges, and potential solutions. Technologically, remarkable progress have been made in various areas of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including diabetic retinopathy, fundus image analysis, and crucial aspects such as quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products, clinical research methods, technological evaluation, and industrial standards. Researchers are constantly improving the safety and standardization of intelligent ophthalmology technology by formulating clinical application guidelines and standards. Academic exchange platforms have been established to provide extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals across diverse fields, and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for intelligent ophthalmology research. Regarding public policy, the Chinese government has not only established a supportive policy environment for the advancement of intelligent ophthalmology through various documents and regulations, but provided a legal basis and management framework. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as technological innovation, data privacy and security, outdated regulations, and talent shortages. To tackle these issues, there is a requirement for increased technological research and development, the establishment of regulatory frameworks, talent cultivation, and greater awareness and acceptance of new technologies among patients. By comprehensively addressing these challenges, intelligent ophthalmology in China is expected to continue leading the industry's global development, bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.

Reflections on intelligent transformation of biomedicine industry / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#The biomedicine industry is a strategic emerging industry that is related to the national economy,people's livelihood,and national security. As a new generation of digital production technology,the intelligent manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals has been proposed by policies such as the“14th Five Year Plan”for the development of the bioeconomy,and has become an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of the biopharmaceutical industry. This paper started with the background and significance of studying the intelligent transformation of the biopharmaceutical industry,analyzed the goals of the intelligent transformation of biopharmaceutical enterprises,and proposed relevant countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate the promotion of high-end intelligent transformation of the domestic biopharmaceutical industry.

MobileNetV3 network-based diagnosis of caries and periapical periodontitis from periapical films / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To research the effectiveness of deep learning techniques in intelligently diagnosing dental caries and periapical periodontitis and to explore the preliminary application value of deep learning in the diagnosis of oral diseases@*Methods@#A dataset containing 2 298 periapical films, including healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis, was used for the study. The dataset was randomly divided into 1 573 training images, 233 validation images, and 492 test images. By comparing various neural network models, the MobileNetV3 network model with better performance was selected for dental disease diagnosis, and the model was optimized by tuning the network hyperparameters. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the model's ability to recognize dental caries and periapical periodontitis. Class activation map was used to visualization analyze the performance of the network model@*Results@#The algorithm achieved a relatively ideal intelligent diagnostic effect with precision, recall, and accuracy of 99.42%, 99.73%, and 99.60%, respectively, and the F1 score was 99.57% for classifying healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis. The visualization of the class activation maps also showed that the network model can accurately extract features of dental diseases.@*Conclusion@#The tooth lesion detection algorithm based on the MobileNetV3 network model can eliminate interference from image quality and human factors and has high diagnostic accuracy, which can meet the needs of dental medicine teaching and clinical applications.

Forecasting The Risk Of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches

In this Paper With the aid of AI techniques, this study aims to predict the early detection of chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal disease, in diabetic patients. It then suggests a decision tree to reach specific conclusions with desired accuracy by evaluating its performance in relation to its specification and sensitivity. Methods: The behaviour of learning algorithms based on a set of data mining indicators affects the models that are produced proportionately. Predicting the future is no longer a difficult task thanks to the promises of predictive analytics in big data and the use of machine learning algorithms, especially for the health sector, which has undergone significant evolution as a result of the development of new computer technologies that gave rise to numerous fields of study research. Many initiatives are made to deal with the explosion of medical data on the one hand, and to learn meaningful information from it, forecast diseases, and anticipate treatments on the other. To extract meaningful information and aid in decision-making, researchers used all the technological advancements, including big data analytics, predictive analytics, machine learning, and learning algorithms.

Exploration of mini-intelligent PIVAS module construction based on data middle platform service exchange system / 中国药房

The traditional intravenous infusion configuration in medical institutions has the shortcomings of long time and low efficiency， and it is difficult to ensure that the dispensed liquid medicine is not contaminated. At the same time， medical staff may be exposed to risks such as cytotoxic drugs due to lack of protection. To solve the defects and deficiencies in intravenous infusion configuration， the “Dolphin 7” pharmacy intravenous compounding robots are introduced in our hospital， cluster management platform is constructed based on data middle platform service exchange system； mini-intelligent PIVAS module is designed and constructed. The mode can reduce the workload of medical staff， save medical construction and labor costs， also help to promote and deepen the construction of intelligent hospitals.

Research on the intelligent management system for equipment and supplies of provincial medical rescue teams for nuclear and radiation accidents / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To establish the construction of intelligent management system for equipment and supplies of medical rescue teams for provincial nuclear and radiation accidents, based on modern Internet+ Internet of Things. {L-End}Methods The current status and requirements of emergency equipment and supplies allocation and management of medical emergency teams for provincial nuclear and radiation accidents were analyzed. Utilizing technologies such as Internet of Things, low-power Bluetooth, and radio frequency identification, an intelligent management system for medical rescue teams, its equipment and supplies for provincial nuclear and radiation accidents was designed. {L-End}Results The intelligent management system for medical rescue teams, its equipment and supplies for nuclear and radiation accidents was able to perform the inventory warning, expiration date warning, maintenance alert, and warning for emergency personnel health status, based on dynamic management of rescue personnel, equipment and supplies. It provided an effective support for on-site commanders in making emergency decisions. {L-End}Conclusion The use of Internet+Internet of Things technology can achieve intelligent management for medical rescue teams and its equipment and supplies can effectively improve the level of personnel and equipment support for the rescue of nuclear and radiation accidents at the provincial level.

Application research and design strategy on smart responsive mesoporous silica anti-tumor nanodelivery systems / 药学学报

Malignant tumors are major diseases that endanger human health. Due to their complex and variable microenvironment, most anti-tumor drugs cannot precisely reach the focal tissue and be released in a controlled manner. Intelligent responsive nano carriers have become a hot spot in the field of anti-tumor drug delivery systems. As an excellent nano material, mesoporous silica has the advantages of non-toxic, stable, adjustable pore volume and pore diameter, and easy functional modification on the surface. By virtue of its perceptive response to the tumor microenvironment or physiological changes, it can achieve the targeted drug release or controlled drug release of the drug delivery system in the tissue, making it an ideal carrier for intelligent response drug delivery system. In this paper, we review the design strategies and current research status of smart responsive anti-tumor drug delivery systems based on mesoporous silica, in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-tumor drug nanoformulations.

Question, Intercommunication, and Meaning Generation: Precision of Life Value Education in Ideological and Political Courses for Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

Medical students differ greatly in their thinking and cognition of the value and pursuit of life existence. The mainstream values are positive and pragmatic, but they are also characterized by decentralization, diversification, individualization and variability. Value education needs to be object-centered, take care of students’ individual lives, understand and answer their real questions to be more accurate and effective. In the intelligent technology society, the education of life value of medical students in the ideological and political courses should rely on the intelligent technology platform to achieve the precise coupling of object and value goal through the form of question exchange. It is necessary to transcend the limitations of medical science perspective, realize accurate life value education, face the nihilistic challenge of life value, understand the systematic and dialectical significance of life events, and return to the original intention and mission of medical science to take care of life itself.

Significance Interpretation, Risk Assessment, and Prevention Paths of Intelligent Medicine / 中国医学伦理学

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown a tendency to replace human brain intelligence, and its rise has led to significant social changes. AI has pioneered the historical process of human-machine co-evolution. In the embedding of AI into medicine, it can be seen that there are a wide range of medical application scenarios. Intelligent medicine based on AI technology is of great significance, achieving spatial transmutation under spatial connection and value release under data mining. Intelligent medicine occupies a "high-level position" in value evaluation. Intelligent medicine has become a risk complex due to its tendency towards de-subjectivity of doctors, questioning the effectiveness of the intelligent algorithms, increasing difficulty in protecting information security and individual privacy, and indifference to medical humanistic care. To prevent the risks of intelligent medicine, it is necessary to reasonably define the relationship between AI and doctors, effectively prevent the risks of intelligent algorithms, increase the protection efforts of patient data security and personal privacy, thickly cultivate humanistic care in AI, and promote the improvement of the scientific and technological ethical governance system through ethical review.

Practice of paper-free whole blood collection system in constructing intelligent blood station / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a paper-free system of the total whole blood donation flow in constructing intelligent blood stations, and build digitalized whole blood donation system for practice. 【Methods】 A paper-free whole blood collection system was constructed through information process reforming, system frame designing and data network transportation constructing, and was applied in various blood donation scenario. 【Results】 Fixed blood collection sites carried out 49 063 donations via paper-free information system from November 2022 to July 2023, and 24 822 donations( group blood donation) were conducted via paper-free system from April to July 2022. Compared with the traditional paper-based model, paper-free system is safer, more standardized and more convenient, effectively enhancing the experience of blood donors. 【Conclusion】 The construction of paper-free whole blood collection system effectively enhances the experience of blood donors, improves the safety, accuracy, traceability of the data, and has good social value and economic value, which is worth popularizing.

Application of intelligent information system of transfusion reactions in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the application effect of intelligent information system of transfusion reactions(referred to as the system) in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a total of 67 914 blood transfusion patients in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2023. The patients were divided into the control group (n =36 367, with conventional transfusion management) and the observation group (n =31 547, with management by the system).The incidence of adverse reactions, the supervision and management scores, reporting time and processing time of adverse reactions, and patient satisfaction with blood transfusion in the two groups was observed. 【Results】 The incidence of transfusion reactions in the observation group and the control group was 0.23% (72/31 547) and 0.24% (86/36 367), with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The quality scores of the reporting, registration, processing and supervision, and the total scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group:(21.46±2.76) vs (17.38±2.74) points, (21.65±2.80) vs (16.98±3.20) points, (22.30±2.42) vs (18.80±3.15) points, (22.85±2.10) vs (18.55 ± 3.06) points, and (90.38±5.96) vs (75.26 ± 6.10) points, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The reporting time and processing time of transfusion reactions in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group: (3.26±0.45) vs (7.25±1.26) minutes, (10.38±2.96) vs (20.26±2.10) minutes, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate with blood transfusion of the observation group was 99.95% (31 532/31 547), higher than 99.62% (36 229/36 367) of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The application of the system in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions has achieved ideal results, including improving the quality of monitoring and management, shortening the reporting and processing time of transfusion reactions, and improving patient satisfaction with transfusion, which is worth popularizing.

Establishment and application of pediatric outpatient and emergency intelligent pharmacy service system in our hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the construction of intelligent pharmacy and quality control of each link in medical institutions. METHODS The problems， difficulties， and risk points in the links of prescription extraction， allocation， drug resource utilization， prescription and child information verification in pediatric outpatient and emergency pharmacy of our hospital were sorted out to put forward the solutions. The pediatric outpatient and emergency intelligent pharmacy service system of our hospital was established， and its effectiveness was analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS In response to the risk points of drug accumulation， dispensing errors， being prone to complaints or disputes， safety hazards in dispensing， and pharmacist’s incorrect operation in various stages such as payment， taking medicine and dispensing， pediatric outpatient and emergency intelligent pharmacy service system was established in our hospital by adding intelligent queuing links， enabling “QR codes”， introducing devices such as rapid dispensing machines， intelligent drug racks， and intelligent dismantling machines. After using the system， the average outpatient dispensing speed increased from 37.55 s/piece to 16.97 s/piece （direct delivery prescriptions） and 27.10 s/piece （non-direct delivery prescriptions）， and the average emergency dispensing speed increased from 26.98 s/piece to 19.61 s/piece （P＜ 0.01）. The walking distance for pharmacists to dispense prescriptions had decreased from 4-16 m/piece to 2-5 m/piece， and the inventory rate had shortened from 2.0-2.2 h/time to 1.5-1.7 h/time. The rate of dispensing error decreased from 0.003% to 0 （P＜ 0.01）. At the same time， the improvement of pharmaceutical service quality has been demonstrated in terms of shortening the waiting time of family members of child， precise drug supplement and helping family members understand medication information. The application of the system can further promote pediatric outpatient and emergency pharmacy services in our hospital.

Application and optimization of batch number traceability management mode in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish a drug batch number traceability management mode in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room， improve the management level of batch number traceability in anesthesia pharmacy of operating room and ensure the safety of surgical medication. METHODS The problems encountered in the application of batch number traceability management mode in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room were analyzed to implement the optimization measure and summarize the optimization effect. RESULTS In view of the incompatibility of multiple batch numbers on the dosing track， the insufficient number of drugs in the automated dispensing cabinet， the long replenishment time， the low stability of the automated dispensing cabinet， and the tedious management of drugs with a near-expiration period， the following measures were implemented， including changing the minimum unit of dosing， adjusting the drug base number and surgery schedule， optimizing the supplementary drug delivery order， repairing dosing tracks of the automated dispensing cabinet， adding the batch number correction function， improving the screening function of drugs with a near-expiration period， and configuring the automated dispensing cabinet in the recovery room. It realized the coexistence of multiple batch numbers on the dosing track， the sufficient number of drugs in the automated dispensing cabinet， the shortening of the replenishment time， the improvement in the stability of the automated dispensing cabinet， and the efficient management of drugs with a near-expiration period. CONCLUSIONS The batch number traceability management mode is established in intelligent anesthesia pharmacy of operating room in our hospital， which improves the system function module， optimizes the work process， increases the stability of the automated dispensing cabinet， improves the work efficiency， and realizes the refined management of surgical medication.

A neonatal intelligent regulation system based on the combination of mild hypothermia mattress and hyperbaric oxygen chamber: introduction to a patent / 中国当代儿科杂志

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common disease that affects brain function in neonates. At present, mild hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are the main methods for the treatment of neonatal HIE; however, they are independent of each other and cannot be combined for synchronous treatment, without monitoring of brain function-related physiological information. In addition, parameter setting of hyperbaric oxygen chamber and mild hypothermia mattress relies on the experience of the medical practitioner, and the parameters remain unchanged throughout the medical process. This article proposes a new device for the treatment of neonatal HIE, which has the modules of hyperbaric oxygen chamber and mild hypothermic mattress, so that neonates can receive the treatment of hyperbaric oxygen chamber and/or mild hypothermic mattress based on their conditions. Meanwhile, it can realize the real-time monitoring of various physiological information, including amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and near-infrared spectrum, which can monitor brain function, heart rate, rhythm, myocardial blood supply, hemoglobin concentration in brain tissue, and blood oxygen saturation. In combination with an intelligent control algorithm, the device can intelligently regulate parameters according to the physiological information of neonates and give recommendations for subsequent treatment.

Patent application of intelligent quality control technology in traditional Chinese medicine production process: a review / 中国中药杂志

In the new stage for intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) from pilot demonstration to in-depth application and comprehensive promotion, how to raise the degree of intelligence for the process quality control system has become the bottleneck of the development of TCM production process control technology. This article has sorted out 226 TCM intelligent manufacturing projects that have been approved by the national and provincial governments since the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" plan and 145 related pharmaceutical enterprises. Then, the patents applied by these pharmaceutical enterprises were thoroughly retrieved, and 135 patents in terms of intelligent quality control technology in the production process were found. The technical details about intelligent quality control at both the unit levels such as cultivation, processing of crude herbs, preparation pretreatment, pharmaceutical preparations, and the production workshop level were reviewed from three aspects, i.e., intelligent quality sensing, intelligent process cognition, and intelligent process control. The results showed that intelligent quality control technologies have been preliminarily applied to the whole process of TCM production. The intelligence control of the extraction and concentration processes and the intelligent sensing of critical quality attributes are currently the focus of pharmaceutical enterprises. However, there is a lack of process cognitive patent technology for the TCM manufacturing process, which fails to meet the requirements of closed-loop integration of intelligent sensing and intelligent control technologies. It is suggested that in the future, with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods, the process cognitive bottleneck of TCM production can be overcome, and the holistic quality formation mechanisms of TCM products can be elucidated. Moreover, key technologies for system integration and intelligent equipment are expected to be innovated and accelerated to enhance the quality uniformity and manufacturing reliability of TCM.

Research progress and maturity assessment of continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The pharmaceutical manufacturing model is gradually changing from intermittent manufacturing to continuous manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This paper briefly reviewed the supervision and research progress in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing in China and abroad and described the definition and advantages of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. The continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) at the current stage was summarized in the following three terms: the enhancement of the continuity of intermittent manufacturing operations, the integration of continuous equipment to improve physical continuity between units, and the application of advanced process control strategies to improve process continuity. To achieve continuous manufacturing of TCM, the corresponding key technologies, such as material property characterization, process modeling and simulation, process analysis technology, and system integration, were analyzed from the process and equipment, respectively. It was proposed that the continuous manufacturing equipment system should have the characteristics of high speed, high response, and high reliability, "three high(H~3)" for short. Considering the characteristics and current situation of TCM manufacturing, based on the two dimensions of product quality control and production efficiency, a maturity assessment model for continuous manufacturing of TCM, consisting of operation continuity, equipment continuity, process continuity, and quality control continuity, was proposed to provide references for the application of continuous manufacturing technology for TCM. The implementation of continuous manufacturing or the application of key continuous manufacturing technologies in TCM can help to systematically integrate advanced pharmaceutical technology elements and promote the uniformity of TCM quality and the improvement of production efficiency.

Analysis of the application risks and legal strategies of intelligent medical algorithms / 中华医院管理杂志

Artificial intelligence algorithms play an important role in the medical field with their unique technological advantages and operational logic. However, due to the " black box" nature and security flaws of artificial intelligence algorithms, there were problems in the application of intelligent medical algorithms, such as the alienation of medical personnel′s subject status, the alienation of right to informed consent for diagnosis and treatment, the alienation of health fairness, and the alienation of health information security. At the same time, there were some practical difficulties in the process of regulating risks, such as the difficulty in determining the responsibility of the legal person, the incompleteness of the causal chain, the lag of the scene regulation of laws and regulations, and the increasing difficulty in protecting health information. In order to prevent the alienation of power in medical intelligent algorithms and promote the healthy development of intelligent medicine, the author suggested to adhere to the embedding of tool attributes in the underlying logic of medical algorithms, enhance the interpretability of medical algorithms, improve relevant laws and regulations, and strengthen the risk supervision mechanism of intelligent medical algorithms.

Exploration of centralized closed-loop management mode for gynecological day surgery / 中华医院管理杂志

Day surgery can effectively improve the utilization of medical resources. In October 2015, an obstetrics and gynecology hospital established a gynecological day surgery center to centrally manage gynecological day surgery and continuously optimize the management process. In July 2019, the hospital established an intelligent information platform for gynecological daytime surgery managemen. Based on this platform, the " evaluation-appointment-hospitalization-follow-up-chronic disease management" information management process was implemented, the " pre hospital-in hospital-post hospital" full process medical quality and safety monitoring was carried out to form a centralized closed-loop management mode for gynecological day surgery led by gynecologists. Under this management mode, the number of gynecological day surgeries in the hospital has increased from 2 866 cases in 2019 to 4 065 cases in 2021, providing convenient medical services and personalized chronic disease management services, and ensuring the quality and safety of gynecological day medical care, for reference for promoting the high-quality development of day surgeries in specialized hospitals.

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic lithotripsy with intelligent control of renal pelvic pressure for staghorn calculi with infection: a case report with surgical video / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is the first line treatment for complete staghorn calculi, but there are risks such as renal function damage, bleeding, and infection. A case of complete staghorn calculi 8.3 cm×4.5 cm and mean CT value of 1 321 HU was reported. Urine culture suggested proteus mirabilis infection. The patient was given sensitive antibiotics for 3 days, and was treated with one session of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic lithotripsy with intelligent control of renal pelvic pressure. KUB on the first postoperative day showed residual stones of 1.0 cm×0.5 cm. There were no complications.