ABSTRACT
Parte do pressuposto de que a transversalidade é concebida como uma aposta de mudança na educação e apresenta inferências sobre o tema. A análise está fundamentada nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) do tema transversal "saúde", em entrevistas semiestruturadas e em relatos de professores, e evidencia que, no Brasil, a transversalidade ganha força na década de 1990, com a promulgação dos PCN que elencam "temas transversais". Na concepção dos professores investigados, a educação em saúde manifesta-se como algo na periferia do currículo. Os autores entendem que isso ocorre em função da consolidação dos campos disciplinares na escola e da estrutura das disciplinas nos currículos dos cursos para formação de professores.
Starting from the assumption that transversality is conceived as a proposal for change in education, the article outlines certain inferences on the subject. The analysis is founded on the transversal subject of "health" in the national curriculum guidelines (PCN), on semi-structured interviews and on reports resulting from conversations with teachers. It reveals that, in Brazil, the notion of transversality gained importance during the 1990s, when the PCN were established, which listed "transversal themes." In the view of the teachers interviewed, health education appears as something apart, on the margins of the curriculum. The authors believe that this is the case owing to the consolidation of the subject fields at school and the curricular structure in teacher training courses.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Curriculum/standards , Health Education/standards , Brazil , Guidelines as Topic , Health Education/history , Health Education/methods , Teacher TrainingABSTRACT
Con el interés de dar cumplimiento a las indicaciones metodológicas del Ministerio de Educación Superior, se requiere desarrollar la base teórica sobre la cual se ha de realizar el perfeccionamiento del plan de estudio de Medicina según las características de un plan D. Objetivo: identificar los principales objetos de cambio que puedan considerarse retos en el perfeccionamiento del currículo para la carrera de Medicina. Metodología: aplicación de métodos empíricos y teóricos para la obtención, análisis e interpretación de la información disponible sobre los cambios a realizar en el currículo de esta carrera, que puedan considerarse retos por el nivel de dificultad que conlleva su implantación, en las condiciones del contexto cubano actual. Resultados: todos los cambios derivados de trabajar con tres niveles de currículo, de la creación de la disciplina principal integradora (DPI), la coordinación intradisciplinaria entre los programas de sus asignaturas y de las relaciones sistémicas funcionales de esta disciplina con las restantes del plan de estudio, la proyección curricular de la formación para todas las funciones del profesional a egresar, la construcción colectiva de las estrategias curriculares necesarias y pertinentes para esta carrera y una ampliación del marco teórico de formación para la investigación científica son los principales objetos de cambio identificados, considerados verdaderos retos porque requieren modificaciones en algunos paradigmas académicos dominantes en esta carrera y por lo tanto, una atención priorizada. Conclusiones: el perfeccionamiento del diseño curricular de Medicina entraña retos importantes que exigen una participación amplia y comprometida del claustro y los directivos académicos y la reactivación del trabajo metodológico interdisciplinario, sobre la base de la integración docente-asistencial-investigativa orientada a la pertinencia social de la formación de médicos...
In order to accomplish metodological indications of de High Education Ministery, ir`s neccesary to develop the theoretical basis for the improvement of the medical curriculum according to the characteristics of the "D" plan. Objective: to identify the main objects of change that might be considered as challenges in improving the curriculum of the medical career. Methodology: application of empirical and theoretical methods to obtain, analyze and construe the available information on the changes to be made in the curriculum of this career that might be considered as challenges because of the probable difficulties in their implementation under the present Cuban conditions. Results: the main objects of changes identified in this paper were all the changes derived from working with three levels of curriculum and from the creation of the main integrating discipline (MID), the intra-discipline coordination among the programs of the MID subjects and the systemic functional relationships of this discipline with the rest of the disciplines in the curriculum, the curricular projection of the formation for all the functions of the professional to be graduated, the collective construction of the necessary and relevant strategies for this career and wider theoretical framework of formation for the scientific research. All the above-mentioned elements were considered real challenges because they require changes in some prevailing academic paradigms in this career and thus a priority attention. Conclusions: the improvement of the curricular design of medicine entails important challenges demanding wide committed participation of the faculty and of the managing academic staff as well as the re-activation of the interdisciplinary methodological work on the basis of integration of teaching, assistance and research oriented to the social relevance of medical formation...