ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a measuring method for microdialysis probe recovery of ginsenoside Rg1 and investigate the effects of flow rate, concentration and using times of probe on the recovery in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Dialysis method and retrodialysis method were used for the study. The concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 in brain and blood dialysate was determined by LC-MS /MS and the probe recovery was calculated. RESULTS: The recoveries of brain and blood microdialysis probes showed good stability within 10 h, with average values of 17.0% and 34.4% respectively for ginsenoside Rg1 at 1.5 μL•min-1. Concentrations (50, 200, 500, 1 000 ng•mL-1) had no obvious effect on recovery. At the same concentration, the recovery of brain and blood probes for ginsenoside Rg1 decreased with the increase of flow rate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 μL• min-1) in vitro and in vivo. The dialysis recoveries of brain and blood probes in vitro were (40.6 ± 4.3)%, (23.5 ± 2.3)%, (17.7 ± 0.8 )%, (12.2 ± 1.1)%, (8.8 ± 0.6)% and (70.6 ± 3.6)%, (46.0 ± 2.1)%, (32.9 ± 1.6)%, (25.6 ± 0.7)%, (18.2 ± 1.3)%, respectively. The recoveries of dialysis and retrodialysis in vitro were approximately equal, and the recovery detected by retrodialysis in vivo was similar with the in vitro results. Probe used for no more than 3 times still kept high transmittance by flushing with 2% heparin sodium and ultrapure water successively. CONCLUSION: Retrodialysis method can be used to study brain and blood probe recovery in vivo, and microdialysis can be used for simutaneous pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenoside Rg1 in intercelluar fluid and blood.
ABSTRACT
To further study the brain behavior and the pharmacokinetics of baicalin in intercellular fluid of brain, and study the recovery rate and stability of brain and blood microdialysis probe of baicalin in vitro and in vivo. The concentration of baicalin in brain and blood microdialysates was determined by LC-MS/MS and the probe recovery for baicalin was calculated. The effects of different flow rates (0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0，3.0 μL•min⁻¹) on recovery in vitro were determined by incremental method and decrement method. The effects of different drug concentrations (50.00, 200.0, 500.0, 1 000 μg•L⁻¹) and using times (0, 1, 2) on recovery in vitro were determined by incremental method. The probe recovery stability and effect of flow rate on recovery in vivo were determined by decrement method, and its results were compared with those in in vitro trial. The in vitro recovery of brain and blood probe of baicalin was decreased with the increase of flow rate under the same concentration; and at the same flow rate, different concentrations of baicalin had little influence on the recovery. The probe which had been used for 2 times showed no obvious change in probe recovery by syringe with 2% heparin sodium and ultrapure water successively. In vitro recovery rates obtained by incremental method and decrement method were approximately equal under the same condition, and the in vivo recovery determined by decrement method was similar with the in vitro results and they were showed a good stability within 10 h. The results showed that decrement method can be used for pharmacokinetic study of baicalin, and can be used to study probe recovery in vivo at the same time.
ABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se verificó la presencia de algunas enzimas relacionadas con la pared celular vegetal (poligalacturonasa, pectato liasa, proteasa y xilanasa) en raíces de clavel (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Así mismo, se determinaron los niveles de actividad de las mismas. Estos niveles se analizaron en diferentes espacios celulares: en el fluido intercelular que hace parte del apoplasto, en el simplasto y en el tejido total de las raíces de clavel (apoplasto y simplasto). Para extraer el fluido intercelular, se ensayaron dos metodologías. Para obtener el contenido intracelular (simplasto) y el extracto total (apoplasto y simplasto) en raíces de clavel se ensayaron tres metodologías que utilizaban como solución i) extractante buffer fosfato, ii) buffer fosfato con PVPP y iii) lavados con acetona a las raíces de clavel, antes de la extracción con buffer fosfatos. Los resultados mostraron el efecto de las diferentes soluciones en las actividades enzimáticas y en el contenido de proteína. Se propuso una de estas metodologías para extraer las cuatro enzimas en un único paso y realizar análisis comparativo de actividad enzimática.
The presence of some enzymes related to cell wall (polygalacturonase, the pectate lyase, protease and xylanase) in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) roots as well as the activity levels were determined. These levels were analyzed in different cellular places: the intercellular fluid that is part of the apoplast, the symplast, and the total level (apoplast and symplast) in carnation roots. Two methods were tested to extract the intercellular fluid. To obtain the intracellular content (symplast) and total extract (apoplast+symplast), three methods were tested, using as extracting solution i) phosphate buffer, ii) phosphate buffer + PVPP, iii) before the extraction with phosphate buffer, the carnation roots were washed with acetone. The results showed the effect of different extracting solutions in the enzymatic activities and in the protein content. A new only one step method is proposed to extract the four enzymes and make the comparative analysis of enzymatic activity.
No presente trabalho foi evidenciada a presença de algumas enzimas relacionadas com a parede celular vegetal: poligalacturonasa, pectato liasa, proteasa e xilanasa e se determinaram seus níveis de atividade, em raízes de cravo (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Os níveis se analisaram em diferentes espaços celulares: no fluido intercelular que faz parte do apoplasto, no simplasto e no tecido total das raízes de cravo (apoplasto e simplasto). Foram avaliadas duas metodologias para extrair o fluido intercelular. Para obter o conteúdo intracelular (simplasto) e o extrato total (apoplasto e simplasto) se avaliaram três metodologias que utilizavam como solução extratora i) buffer fosfato, ii) buffer fosfato com PVPP e iii) lavados com acetona às raízes de cravo, antes da extração com buffer fosfato. Os resultados mostraram o efeito das diferentes soluciones nas atividades enzimáticas e no conteúdo de proteína. Se propõem uma de estas metodologias para extrair as quatro enzimas num único passo e realizar a analise comparativa da atividade enzimática.