Application of optimized catheter management strategy in interhospital patients transition with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To discuss the effect of optimized catheter management strategy on reducing the incidence of catheter-related adverse events in interhospital patients transition with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).Methods:A historical control trial was conducted. The patients transferred with ECMO to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. From January 2019 to December 2020, 38 patients with interhospital transport using optimized catheter management strategy were as observation group; from January to December in 2018, 30 patients with routine catheter management method were selected as the control group. The incidence of catheter-related adverse events during transition was compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in clinical data such as age, number of catheters, transit time, transit distance, ECMO operation time between the observation group and the control group [age (years old): 58.26±10.38 vs. 54.00±16.61, number of catheters (roots): 6.03±1.32 vs. 5.51±1.37, transit time (hours): 2.48±0.30 vs. 2.51±0.39, transfer distance (kilometers): 155.27±20.45 vs. 165.56±25.62, ECMO operating time (days): 8.47±1.28 vs. 9.11±1.99, all P > 0.05]. The incidence of catheter-related adverse events in the control group was 26.67% (8/30), among them, 2 patients had ECMO catheter discount after getting over the bed, causing the flow alarm; 1 patient's central venous catheter (CVC) was not placed with U-shape and twisted, the vasopressors were not entered in time, which caused hypotension; 3 patients had more bleeding at the puncture points and film crimping; the urinary catheters were clamped in 2 patients and not opened in time. In the observation group, the patients did not have catheter-related adverse events during transition. There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of catheter-related adverse events between the two groups (χ 2 = 7.814, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The implementation of optimized catheter management strategy can greatly reduce the incidence of catheter-related adverse events and provide an effective safety guarantee for the interhospital transit of ECMO patients.

Consenso de Recomendaciones Para El Traslado Interhospitalario de pacientes sospechosos/confirmados con COVID-19: Grupo de trabajo de Transporte De La Sociedad Latinoamericana de Emergencias Pediátricas (SLEPE)

RESUMEN El transporte del paciente pediátrico en estado crítico en tiempos de COVID 19 representa un desafío, especialmente en un entorno de recursos limitados. Es posible que los hospitales regionales en muchas partes del mundo no estén completamente equipados para tratar a niños con necesidades médicas complejas y en casos de infección por coronavirus. En muchos casos, los equipos de transporte deben tomar decisiones complejas durante todo el proceso, desde la llamada inicial al hospital receptor y la atención del paciente. Los niños en un entorno de recursos limitados tienen un mayor riesgo de eventos adversos y deterioro clínico. El objetivo de este documento es estandarizar aspectos relacionados con el transporte de pacientes sospechosos / confirmados de COVID-19, a fin de reducir el riesgo de transmisión durante el proceso, proteger al personal de salud, evitar el deterioro fisiológico de los pacientes durante el transporte y el posterior contagio de otros pacientes que puedan ser trasladados en la ambulancia.

ABSTRACT Transporting the critically ill pediatric patient in times of COVID 19 is challenging, especially in a resource-limited setting. Regional hospitals in many parts of the world may not be fully equipped to treat children with complex medical needs and coronavirus infection. In many cases, transportation teams must make complex decisions throughout the care process, from the initial call at the receiving hospital to all aspects of caring for the patient. Children in a resource-limited setting are at increased risk for adverse events and clinical decline. The purpose of this document is to standardize aspects related to the transport of suspected / confirmed COVID-19 patients, in order to reduce transmission risk during the process, protect health-care personnel, avoid clinical deterioration of patients during transport and prevent subsequent virus transmission to other patients who may later be transferred in the same ambulance.

Application of mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in inter-hospital transport of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: Retrospective studies for 7 case / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the application and safety of mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in inter-hospital transport of pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS). Methods: Data were retrospectively collected of children with pARDS transported by mobile ECMO from Jan. 1, 2019 to Nov. 25, 2019. All children suffered from severe ARDS, and the curative effect in their local hospital was not good, the disease was still progressing after traditional conservative treatments such as mechanical ventilation (MV), small tidal volume protective ventilation, prone position ventilation, and fluid restriction, and the severity of the disease reached the applicable ECMO indications. The age, sex, clinical manifestations, ECMO transfer time, ECMO transfer distance, ECMO duration, MV duration, length of hospital stay, prognosis and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: Seven pediatric patients were included in present study including 6 males and 1 female, aged (43.3±42.9) months, body weight (18.4±17.7) kg, ECMO travel distance (9.4±8.9) km, and ECMO travel time (5.7±17.2) min. After arriving in the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, 6 pediatric patients (4 were cured and 2 died) were discharged and 1 pediatric patient was still being treated. The MV duration was (17±11) d, ECMO duration was (307.4±233.6) h, and the length of hospital stay was (23±15) d. Of the 7 pediatric patients, 4 were caused by adenovirus infection, and the other 3 cases were infected by unclear pathogenic bacteria. The cause for death was severe sepsis shock combined with severe heart dysfunction and severe pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusions: With a skilled ECMO teams, mobile ECMO may provide a safe and effective inter-hospital transport of pARDS patients. Mobile ECMO provides a good way to treat children patients with respiratory critical condition.

Construction of hospital referral network platform / 中国小儿急救医学

With the development of tertiary treatment system,the higher quality of inter-hospital transport is the most critical factor for the prognosis of the critically ill pediatric patients,especially for pediatric patients whose condition is deteriorating rapidly.Improving the quality,creating the guideline,and establishing the network platform of inter-hospital will provide complete guarantee for inter-hospital transport of critically ill pediatric patients.With the development of information technology,the purpose of this study was to analyze the function of the network platform of inter-hospital transport in Hunan Children′s Hospital.

Deterioro fisiopatológico y mortalidad, de pacientes críticos adultos sometidos a traslado por móviles del servicio de atención médica de urgencia del área metropolitana, Santiago de Chile / Deterioração fisiopatológico e mortalidade de pacientes críticos adultos submetidos a traslado inter hospitalar por unidades móveis do Serviço de Atenção Médica de Urgência da área metropolitana, Santiago de Chile / Pathophysiological deterioration and mortality of adult critically ill patients submitted to inter-hospital transfer by mobile units of the Emergency Medical Care Service of the metropolitan area, Santiago de Chile

Introdução: O transporte inter hospitalar de pacientes graves, implica em risco de piora e morte dos transportados sendo necessário conhecer os fatores envolvidos neste risco para evitar danos a esses sujeitos. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores preditivos de piora das condições fisiológicas durante o traslado e morte até 24 horas após o transporte de adultos transferidos a Unidades de Pacientes Críticos (UPC). Método: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte prospectivo, em uma amostra de 3629 trasladados a UPC por unidades de suporte avançado do Sistema de Atención Médica de Urgencia (SAMU) da área Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile. A piora dos transportados foi identificada pelo resultado do Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) no início e termino do transporte. A regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada para identificar modelos preditivos para morte, piora e piora seguida de morte. Resultados: A maioria dos transportados eram homens (61,9%), media de idade de 57 anos (dp=17,4), o valor médio do REMS inicial foi de 7,1 (dp=4,4) e final de 7,4 (dp=4,7). Dos transportados 35,4% apresentava comorbidades e em 54,4% a causa de atenção de urgência foi cardiovascular. O apoio hemodinâmico durante o transporte foi necessário em 15,6% da amostra e o ventilatório em 26,4%. Predominou a transferência entre hospitais terciários (77,7%) sendo o principal motivo a falta de leitos de UPC nesses hospitais (54,7%). O trajeto foi em média de 17,3 (dp=15,2) Km e a duração foi de 53,3 (dp=29,0) minutos. O tempo médio de espera após solicitação do transporte foi de aproximadamente uma hora. A mortalidade foi de 4,5% e a piora ocorreu em 24,4% dos transportados. As seguintes condições do início do transporte permaneceram nos modelos: para morte - hospital de origem terciário (OR=0,358; IC95%=0,255-0,503), uso de apoio hemodinâmico (OR=2,561; IC95%=1,787-3,671), Saturação de oxigênio (Sat O2) (OR=0,933; IC95%=0,912-0,955) e REMS (OR=1,139; IC95%=1,096-1,184); para piora - hospital de origem terciário (OR=0,698; IC95%=0,575-0,847), tempo de espera (OR=0,985; IC95%=0,980-0,990), duração do transporte (OR=0,995; IC95%=0,992-0,998), gênero feminino (OR=1,334; IC95%=1,134-1,569), uso de apoio hemodinâmico (OR=1,694; IC95%=1,364-2,090) e ventilatório (OR=2,399; IC95%=1,697-3,392 para bolsa manual e OR=2,084; IC95%=1,425-3,047 para ventilação mecânica), SatO2 (OR=0,946; IC95%=0,928-0,964), Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG) (OR=0,961; IC95%=0,932-0,991), frequência respiratória (FR) (OR=1,025; IC95%=1,012-1,039), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) (OR=0,997; IC95%=0,994-1,00) e REMS (OR=0,951; IC95%=0,923-0,979); para piora seguida de morte - origem de hospital terciário (OR=0,449; IC95%=0,270-0,748), uso de apoio hemodinâmico(OR=4,462; IC95%=2,636-7,551), apoio ventilatório com bolsa manual (OR=2,650; IC95%=1,557-4,513), SatO2 (OR=0,908; IC95%=0,883-0,934) e PAS (OR=0,990; IC95%=0,982-0,999). Conclusão: Foram fatores protetores para o transporte dos pacientes a origem de hospital terciário e a SatO2 inicial elevada, o uso de apoio hemodinâmico foi fator de risco. Para piora, seguida ou não de morte, PAS mais elevada foi fator protetor e uso de bolsa manual para ventilação foi risco. Para os que apresentaram somente piora a ECG elevada junto ao maior tempo de espera e duração da transferência foram fatores protetores, sexo feminino foi risco, assim como FR elevada e ventilação mecânica. O REMS mais elevado foi um fator de proteção para piora e risco para morte.

Introducción: El transporte interhospitalario de los pacientes graves, conlleva un riesgo de deterioro y muerte, es necesario conocer los factores que intervienen en este riesgo para evitar daños en estos temas. Objetivo: Identificar los factores predictivos de deterioro fisiopatológico durante el traslado y muerte ocurrida durante las primeras 24 horas posterior al transporte interhospitalario, de pacientes adultos transferidos a Unidades de Paciente critico (UPC). Método: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en una muestra de 3629 pacientes trasladados a UPC por las unidades de móviles del Servicio de Atención Médica Sistema de Urgencia (SAMU) en el área metropolitana, Santiago de Chile. El deterioro de los transportados fue identificado por el resultado de la Puntuación de Escala Rápida de Emergencia (REMS) al principio y al final del transporte. Se utilizó la regresión logística múltiple para identificar los modelos de predicción de la muerte, deterioro fisiopatológico y deterioro fisiopatológico seguido de la muerte. Resultados: La mayoría de los transportados eran hombres (61,9%), con una edad media de 57 años (sd = 17,4), el REMS inicial promedio fue de 7,1 (sd = 4,4) y el final de 7,4 (sd = 4,7). De los transportados el 35,4% tenían comorbilidades y en 54,4% la causa de la atención urgente era cardiovascular, soporte hemodinámico durante el transporte era necesaria en el 15,6% de la muestra y ventilatorio en el 26,4%. La transferencia predominaba entre los hospitales terciarios (77,7%) siendo la principal razón la falta de camas de UPC en estos hospitales (54,7%). La trayectoria promedió 17,3 (sd = 15,2) Km y la duración fue de 53,3 (sd = 29,0) minutos. El promedio del tiempo de espera después de la solicitud del transporte fue de aproximadamente una hora. La mortalidad fue del 4,5% y el deterioro fisiopatológico se produjo en el 24,4% de los transportados. Las siguientes condiciones del inicio del transporte permanecieron en los modelos: para muerte - origen hospital terciario (OR=0,358; IC95%=0,255-0,503), el uso de soporte hemodinámico (OR=2,561; IC95%=1,787-3,671), Saturación de oxígeno (SatO2) (OR=0,933; IC95%=0,912-0,955) y REMS (OR=1,139; IC95%=1,096-1,184); para deterioro fisiopatológico - origen hospital terciario (OR=0,698; IC95%=0,575-0,847), el tiempo de espera (OR=0,985; IC95%=0,980-0,990), duración del transporte (OR=0,995; IC95%=0,992-0,998), el sexo femenino (OR=1,334; IC95%=1,134-1,569), el uso de soporte hemodinámico (OR=1,694; IC95%=1,364-2,090) y la ventilación (OR=2,399; IC95%=1,697-3,392 para el bolsa manual y OR=2,084; IC95%=1,425-3,047 para el ventilación mecánica), SatO2 (OR=0,946; IC95%=0,928-0,964), la Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG) (OR=0,961; IC95%=0,932-0,991) frecuencia respiratoria (FR) (OR=1,025; IC95%=1,012-1,039), la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) (OR=0,997; IC95%=0,994=1,00) y REMS (OR=0,951; IC95%=0,923- 0,979); para deterioro fisiopatológico y muerte - hospital terciario de origen (OR=0,449; IC95%=0.270-0.748), el uso de soporte hemodinámico (OR=4,462; IC95%: 2.636-7.551), el soporte ventilatorio con la bolsa manual (OR=2,650; IC95%=1,557-4,513), SatO2 (OR=0,908; IC95%=0,883-0,934) y PAS (OR=0,990; IC95%=0,982-0,999). Conclusión: Hubo factores de protección para el transporte de pacientes, como el hospital de origen nivel terciario y la SatO2 inicial alta, el uso de soporte hemodinámico fue un factor de riesgo. Para deterioro fisiopatológico, con o sin resultado de muerte, una PAS alta fue un factor protector y el uso de bolsa manual para la ventilación fue un factor de riesgo. Para los que tenían sólo deterioro fisiopatológico, el nivel de ECG alto, con un tiempo de espera más largo y la duración de la transferencia eran factores protectores, el sexo femenino fue un riesgo y la FR y la ventilación mecánica. El REMS mas elevado fue un factor de protección para deterioro fisiopatológico y riesgo para muerte.

Retrospectively study of 507 critically ill children in long distance interhospital transport / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To improve the quality of transportation of critically ill children in long distance interhospital transport.Methods The clinical data,diagnosis and outcomes of 507 critically ill children transported from other hospitals in long distances to PICU of Guangdong General Hospital,between Aug.2008 and Jul.2011,were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 507 critically ill children,336 cases were male and 171 cases were female,aged from 29 days to 15 years(median age was 11 months) and weighted from 2.5 to 80.0 kg(median weight was 8.0 kg).The transport durations ranged from 90 to 990 min (median duration was 264 min),among which 121 cases(23.9％)took 121 to 240 min,288 cases (56.8％) took 241 to 480 min,72 cases(14.2％) took more than 480 min.The transfer distance ranged from 74 to 620 km (median distance was 266 km),249 cases(49.1％) of which were transferred from hospitals ranging from 101 to 200 km,133 cases(26.2％) less than 100 km.The top 3 diseases were cardiovascular diseases(169 patients,33.3％),respiratory diseases (128 patients,25.2％) and neural diseases (85 patients,16.8％).None of the patients died on the way and all of them received further treatment.In the end,486 cases discharged,13 cases gave up and 8 cases died.Conclusions During the long distance interhospital transport,a specialist retrieval team with adequate equipments and preparation,close monitoring on the way,can effectively improve the quality of long distance interhospital transportation.