ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression level of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and analyze its relevance between disease activity and CD4 + T cell subsets. Methods:① The concentration of IRAK1 in the peripheral blood of 77 RA patients and 24 healthy controls were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ② The demo-graphic and clinical data of the RA group including disease activity score with 28 joints (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), CD4 + T cell subsets in peripheral blood. ③Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Spearman rank correlation test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between IRAK1 expression level and clinical data. Results:① The IRAK1 level of the peripheral blood of RA patients was significantly higher than in the normal controls ( P<0.001). ② Compared to normal controls, the peripheral blood of the RA group, the absolute numbers and proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells were decreased ( P<0.001), the absolute numbers and proportion of helper T (Th) 17 and the ratio of Th17/Treg were increased. Moreover, the ratio of Th17/Treg was also increased. ③ With the increase of disease activity in RA patients, the expression of IRAK1 also increased. The expression of IRAK1 in the peripheral blood of RA group was positively correlated with ESR, number of joints involved and DAS28, and had statistically significant difference between the two groups ( r=0.23, P<0.05; r=0.24, P<0.05; r=0.27, P<0.05). Meanwhile, it was sign-ificantly negatively correlated with the percentage of Treg ( r=-0.27, P<0.05), and was significantly positively correlated with the ratio of Th17/Treg ( r=0.23, P<0.05) . However, there was no significant correlation with the ratio of Th1/Th2( P>0.05). Furthermore, multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the expression of IRAK1 in the peripheral blood of RA group was positively correlated with ESR and the number of joints involved ( β=0.34, P=0.019; β=0.27, P=0.004), and it was inversely correlated with percentage of Treg ( β=-0.23, P=0.047, R2=0.219). Conclusion:IRAK1 expression in the peripheral blood of RA patients is up-regulated and correlated with disease activity. The decrease of Treg and the imbalance of Th17/Treg caused by high expression of IRAK1 may be one of the main factors for the occurrence and development of RA. Interfering the expression of IRAK1 may be a potential new target for RA treatment.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of serum containing Jieduquyuziyin-prescription (JP) on signal pathway of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) in mononuclear macrophages of mice stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to explore the effect of Jieduquyuziyin-prescription on IRAK1 and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways, which providing a good theoretical support for its anti-inflammatory clinical medication. METHODS: In this study, mice mononuclear macrophages cultured in vitro were randomly divided into blank group, LPS group, JP serum group, blank serum group, LPS plus JP serum group, LPS plus blank serum group, IRAK1 inhibitor group, inhibitor plus LPS group, inhibitor plus JP serum group and inhibitor plus blank serum group. After intervention for 24 h, the activity of JP on macrophages was tested by CCK8 method. The IRAK1 expression in macrophages was tested by immunofluorescence chemical staining. The content of TNF-α in the supernatant of the cells was detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of IRAK1, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of IRAK1, p-IRAK1 and NF-κB were detected by Western-blot. The LC-MS was used to detect the active ingredients in JP serum. RESULTS: The results show that 2.5% of JP serum is the optimal concentration. Jieduquyuziyin-prescription could down-regulate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and inhibit the expression of IRAK1 and activate NF-κB(P<0.05). Paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were detected in the JP serum. CONCLUSION: Jieduquyuziyin-prescription can inhibit the expression of IRAK1 and NF-κB in mouse monocyte-macrophage cells after LPS stimulation and provide a good theoretical support for its anti-inflammatory clinical medication.
ABSTRACT
Objective • To amplify the interferon regulator factor 3 (IRF3) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) virus and investigate the effect of the virus on the nuclear expression of Irak1bp1 protein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Methods • Adenovirus was amplified in HEK293T cells and the virus titer was detected by TCID 50 assay. The Raw 264.7 cells were randomly divided into four groups including adenovirus (-) LPS (-) group, adenovirus (-) LPS (+) group, adenovirus (+) LPS (-) group and adenovirus (+) LPS (+) group. The expression of intracellular IRF3 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and the nuclear expression of IRF3 and Irak1bp1 protein were detected by Western blotting. Results • The titer of adenovirus was 2.2×1011 PFU/mL and the best MOI was 300. The expression of IRF3 mRNA and nuclear IRF3 protein in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were significantly higher than those of the control group. The cellular constitutive expression of IRF3 at mRNA level and the LPS-induced expression of IRF3 were significantly inhibited after transfection of Raw 264.7 cells with adenovirus strains carrying IRF3 shRNA. However, the nuclear constitutive expression of IRF3 protein was not affected by IRF3 shRNA in the unstimulated state. The expression of nuclear Irak1bp1 protein was significantly higher than that of the control group. The nuclear constitutive expression and the LPS-induced expression of Irak1bp1 protein were not affected by IRF3 shRNA. Conclusion • Transfection of LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells with adenovirus strains carrying IRF3 shRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of IRF3, but not affect the nuclear expression of Irak1bp1 protein.
ABSTRACT
Objective·To amplify the interferon regulator factor 3 (IRF3) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) virus and investigate the effect of the virus on the nuclear expression of Irak1bp1 protein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Methods?·?Adenovirus was amplified in HEK293T cells and the virus titer was detected by TCID 50 assay. The Raw 264.7 cells were randomly divided into four groups including adenovirus (-) LPS (-) group, adenovirus (-) LPS (+) group, adenovirus (+) LPS (-) group and adenovirus (+) LPS (+) group. The expression of intracellular IRF3 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and the nuclear expression of IRF3 and Irak1bp1 protein were detected by Western blotting. Results?·?The titer of adenovirus was 2.2×1011PFU/mL and the best MOI was 300. The expression of IRF3 mRNA and nuclear IRF3 protein in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were significantly higher than those of the control group. The cellular constitutive expression of IRF3 at mRNA level and the LPS-induced expression of IRF3 were significantly inhibited after transfection of Raw 264.7 cells with adenovirus strains carrying IRF3 shRNA. However, the nuclear constitutive expression of IRF3 protein was not affected by IRF3 shRNA in the unstimulated state. The expression of nuclear Irak1bp1 protein was significantly higher than that of the control group. The nuclear constitutive expression and the LPS-induced expression of Irak1bp1 protein were not affected by IRF3 shRNA. Conclusion?·?Transfection of LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells with adenovirus strains carrying IRF3 shRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of IRF3, but not affect the nuclear expression of Irak1bp1 protein.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish an appropriate neonatal rat model with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to investigate the protective effects of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK) 1/4 inhibitor on intestinal tissue of neonatal rats with NEC.Methods Thirty-six newborn SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,NEC model group and IRAK1/4 inhibitor group,12 rats in each group.The rats in normal control group were raised by their mother and they did not receive any intervention.The rats of NEC model group were given artificial feeding,under hypoxia and cold stress.The IRAK1/4 inhibitor group were given IRAK1/4 inhibitor intervention,and also given artificial feeding,under hypoxia and cold stress.Three days later,all rats were sacrificed and intestinal tissues were obtained.The histopathological changes in ileocecal tissues were evaluated by pathological score after hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in intestinal tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The rats of NEC model group presented abdominal distention,diarrhea (partly with mucous bloody stool),decreased activity,poor response,lethargy and other symptoms,and the extent was gradually worsened;the rats in IRAK1/4 inhibitor group also had abdominal distention,diarrhea,decreased activity,poor response and other symptoms,but the symptoms emerged later and milder.The histopathological score of intestinal tissues of normal control group was (0.33 ± 0.49) scores,NEC model group was (3.08 ± 0.99) scores,and IRAK1/4 inhibitor group was (1.75 ±0.96) scores.The histopathological scores of NEC model group and IRAK1/4 inhibitors group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (all P ＜ 0.01),and the histopathological scores of IRAK1/4 inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the NEC model group (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in normal control group separately were (128.76 ± 27.25) ng/L,(0.41 ± 0.10) ng/L,(6.93 ± 1.79) ng/L,respectively;the levels of NEC model group separately were (410.99 ± 44.16) ng/L,(1.79 ± 0.18) ng/L,(44.39 ± 6.00) ng/L;the levels of IRAK1/4 inhibitor group separately were (256.23 ±41.29) ng/L,(1.05 ±0.19) ng/L,(21.45 ± 6.36) ng/L,respectively.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α of NEC model group had significant differences compared with those of normal control group,respectively (all P ＜0.01);the levels of IL-1β3,IL-6 and TNF-α of IRAK1/4 inhibitor group had significant differences compared with those of normal control group,respectively (all P ＜ 0.01);the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α of IRAK1/4 inhibitor group had significant differences compared with those of NEC model group (all P ＜ 0.01),respectively.Conclusions IRAK1/4 inhibitor has some protective effects on the intestinal tissues of neonatal rats with NEC,which can reduce the damage to the intestinal tissues,and decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of micro RNA-146a (miR-146a),TNF receptorassociated factor 6 (TRAF6) gene and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) gene in the peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and their relationship with the disease activity.The role of miR-146a,TRAF6,IRAK1 in the pathogenesis of AS was explored.Methods Expression of miR-146a,TRAF-6 and IRAK-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied using realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 45 AS patients and 22 healthy controls.The indicators of disease activity adopted in this study were Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP) level,and immunoglobulin (Ig).The relationship was analyzed in AS patients between the relative expression levels miR-146a,TRAF6,IRAK1 and BASDAI,ESR,CRP,Ig concentration.Non-parametric test,t test,One-way ANOVA,Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results ①The relative expression level of miR-146a which was observed in PBMCs of AS patients was significantly higher than that in normal control group [1.46(0.39,4.79)and 0.81(0.17,1.90),P＜0.05].The expression of miR-146a was significantly higher in active AS patients group than that in inactive patients [2.93(0.95,7.95) and 0.54(0.28,1.69),P＜0.05],there was no difference between the treatment group and without treatment group [1.28(0.31,2.37) and 2.22(0.49,7.71),P＞0.05].② There was significant difference in the relative expression level of IRAK-1 between AS patients and the normal control group.IRAK1 was significantly higher in AS patients than that in normal control group (1.4±0.7,1.1±0.4,P＜0.05).However,there was not difference between active AS patients group and inactive patients group as well as treated group and untreated group (1.5±0.9,1.4±0.5; 1.6±0.7,1.3±0.7,P＞0.05).③ TRAF6 expression was obviously lower in AS patients than that in normal control group (1.3±0.6,1.7±0.8,P＜0.05),and that was also significantly lower in the untreated group and active group than that in the normal control group (1.1±0.7,1.7±0.8; 1.1±0.5,1.7±0.8,P＜0.05).④ Signi-ficant positive correlation was observed between the miR-146a level and BASDAI,as well as duration of morning stiffness (r=0.557,P=0.000; r=0.363,P=0.018).The expression level of IRAK1 was significantly negative correlated with IgM (r=-0.313,P=0.046).Conclusion ① miR-146a expression is up-regulated in patients with AS,and it may be a potential useful marker for disease activity in AS patients; ② The abnormal expression of IRAK1,TRAF6 in AS patients may play a role in the pathogenesis of AS.