Inmunolocalización de citoqueratina 14, 19 y Ki-67 en el epitelio de pacientes con agrandamiento gingival

R E S U M E N En pacientes con ortodoncia aparecen eventos patológicos no deseados como agrandamiento gingival inducido por tratamiento de ortodoncia (AGTO) o hipertrofia gingival. El objetivo del estudio es identificar la distribución inmunohistoquímica de citoqueratina CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 en epitelio gingival de pacientes con AGTO. Se seleccionaron I3 pacientes divididos en: grupo control (n=6), conformado por individuos periodontalmente sanos no portadores de aparatología ortodóntica y grupo test (n=7), integrado por pacientes con AGTO. Los marcadores CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 fueron identificados mediante inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos monoclonales y observados en un microscopio óptico Leica DM 500. En los pacientes del grupo test el tejido epitelial se mostró hipertrófico con pérdida en la continuidad de la membrana basal. La CK-14 y CK-19 fue positiva en el epitelio de todos los sujetos evaluados, con una expresión positiva de alta intensidad en células de la lámina basal del grupo test. El promedio de células positivas para Ki-67 en el grupo test fue de 56%. En conclusión, la CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 son marcadores con elevada inmunoreactividad en tejido gingival de pacientes con AGTO portadores de ortodoncia.

During orthodontic treatment, unwanted pathological events such as gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment or gingival hypertrophy may appear The objective of this study is to identify immunohistochemical distribution of cytokeratin CK-14, CK-19 and Ki-67 in the gingival epithelium of patients with gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment. Thirteen patients were selected divided into: control group (n = 6), conformed of periodontally healthy individuals without orthodontic appliances and the test group (n = 7), conformed of patients with gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment. The biomarkers CK-14, CK-19 and Ki-67 were identified by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies and observed in a Leica DM 500 optical microscope. Hypertrophic epithelial tissue with loss of continuity of the basement membrane was found in the test group patients. CK-14 and CK-19 were positive in the epithelial tissue of all the subjects evaluated, with a high intensity positive expression in the cells of the basal lamina of the test group. The average number of cells positive for Ki-67 in test group was 56%. In conclusion, CK-14, CK-19 and Ki-67 are biomarkers with high immunoreactivity in the gingival tissue of patients with gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment.

Durante o tratamento ortodôntico, eventos patológicos indesejados como o crescimento gengival induzido pelo tratamento ortodôntico (CGTO) ou hipertrofia gengival podem aparecer: O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a distribuição imuno-histoquímica das citoqueratinas CK -14, CK-19 e Ki-67 no epitélio gengival de pacientes com CGTO. Foram selecionados 13 pacientes divididos em: grupo controle (n=6), conformado por indivíduos periodontalmente saudáveis sem aparelhos ortodônticos e o grupo teste (n=7), conformado por pacientes com CGTO. Os biomarcadores CK-14, CK-19 e Ki-67 foram identificados por imuno-histoquímica com anticorpos monoclonais e observados em microscópio óptico Leica DM 500. Tecido epitelial hipertrófico com perda de continuidade da membrana basal foi encontrado nos pacientes do grupo teste. CK-14 e CK-19 foram positivos no tecido epitelial de todos os sujeitos avaliados, com expressão positiva de alta intensidade nas células da lâmina basal do grupo teste. O número médio de células positivas para Ki-67 no grupo teste foi de 56%. Em conclusão, CK-14, CK-19 e Ki-67 são biomarcadores com alta imunorreatividade no tecido gengival de pacientes com CGTO.

Sarcomere structure: the importance of desmin protein in muscle atrophy / Estructura de sarcómera: la importancia de proteína desmina en atrofia muscular

Knowing the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle is critical to understand how it works under normal situation and the disorders caused by extreme or pathological conditions. Sarcomere is the basic structural unit of striated muscle tissue. An important element of sarcomere architecture are the intermediate filaments, including the desmin protein. Desmin protein contributes to maintenance of cell integrity, efficient transmission of force and mechanochemical signaling within the myocyte. Because of this, desmin protein has constantly been a focus of research that investigates its alterations associated to damage and muscle atrophy under different conditions. The purpose of the following literature review is to describe the basic concepts of muscle ultrastructure, emphasizing the desmin protein role under conditions of muscle disuse atrophy and aging.

Conocer la ultraestructura del músculo esquelético es crítico para entender cómo trabaja bajo situaciones normales y en desórdenes causados por condiciones extremas o patológicas. La sarcómera es la unidad de estructura básica del tejido muscular estriado. Elementos importantes en la arquitectura de la sarcómera son los filamentos intermedios, incluyendo la proteína desmina. La proteína desmina contribuye en mantener la integridad celular, la transmisión eficiente de fuerza y la señalización mecanoquímica dentro del miocito. Debido a lo anterior, la proteína desmina ha sido constante foco de investigación en trabajos que estudian sus alteraciones asociadas a daño y atrofia muscular bajo diferentes condiciones. El propósito de la siguiente revisión de la literatura es describir los conceptos básicos de la ultraestructura muscular, enfatizando en el rol de la proteína desmina bajo condiciones de atrofia muscular por desuso y envejecimiento.

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in human fetal joints, ligaments and tendons: a potential marker of mechanical stress in fetal development? / 대한해부학회지

Carbonic anhydrase type IX (CA9) is known to express in the fetal joint cartilage to maintain pH against hypoxia. Using paraffin-embedded histology of 10 human fetuses at 10-16 weeks of gestation with an aid of immunohistochemistry of the intermediate filaments, matrix components (collagen types I and II, aggrecan, versican, fibronectin, tenascin, and hyaluronan) and CA9, we observed all joints and most of the entheses in the body. At any stages examined, CA9-poisitive cells were seen in the intervertebral disk and all joint cartilages including those of the facet joint of the vertebral column, but the accumulation area was reduced in the larger specimens. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), one of the intermediate filaments, expressed in a part of the CA9-positive cartilages. Developing elastic cartilages were positive both of CA9 and GFAP. Notably, parts of the tendon or ligament facing to the joint, such as the joint surface of the annular ligament of the radius, were also positive for CA9. A distribution of each matrix components examined was not same as CA9. The bone-tendon and bone-ligament interface expressed CA9, but the duration at a site was limited to 3-4 weeks because the positive site was changed between stages. Thus, in the fetal entheses, CA9 expression displayed highly stage-dependent and site-dependent manners. CA9 in the fetal entheses seemed to play an additional role, but it was most likely to be useful as an excellent marker of mechanical stress at the start of enthesis development.

Novas funções da proteina AIRE: 1) seu papel na resposta mediada por dectina-1 em fagocitos mononucleares humanos: 2) sua associação com a queratina 17, proteina dos filamentos intermediarios / New roles of AIRE protein

A Poliendocrinopatia autoimune associada a candidíase e distrofia ectodérmica (APECED) é um síndrome caracterizado pela presença de pelo menos dois sintomas clínicos, endocrinopatia autoimune, sendo que as mais comuns são hipoparatiroidismo, doença de Addison, além de candidíase mucocutânea crônica. É também comum nos pacientes o desenvolvimento de distrofia ectodérmica, como distrofia nas unhas ou alopécia. O APECED é produzido por mutações no gene AIRE, que codifica uma proteína com propriedades reguladoras na transcrição de proteínas ectópicas no timo, o que estaria envolvido na seleção negativa de células T auto-reativas, e conseqüentemente no desenvolvimento da doença autoimune. No entanto a associação da deficiência da proteína AIRE com a suscetibilidade a candidíase ou a distrofia ectodérmica permanecem obscuras. No presente trabalho, investigamos a possibilidade que esta associação esteja envolvida com a expressão e função da proteína AIRE no ambiente extra-tímico. Usando células de sangue periférico de pacientes com mutações no AIRE...

The autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is characterized by the presence of two from three major clinical symptoms: Addison's disease, and/or hypoparathyroidism, and/or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. These patients develop also ectodermal dystrophies like nail dystrophy and alopecia. APECED is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE). This gene encodes a protein with DNA binding capacity that can transcriptionally modulate ectopic peripheral tissue antigen (PTA) expression in the thymus, facilitating T cell negative selection. Defects in AIRE may be related with the development of multipleendocrine failure of autoimmune origin in patients with APECED. In spite of this, the role of AIRE deficiency in the C. albicans susceptibility or ectodermal dystrophy, common features in APECED patients, remains to be elucidated. In the present work we explored the hypothesis that candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy are associated with the extra-thymic role of AIRE...

Desmosome and intermediate filament assembly during differentiation and stratification of epithelial cells.

In the present investigation the sequential expression and organization of keratin intermediate filament proteins were studied in the developing rat palatal epithelia starting from early gestation period to the adult. The distribution and organization of keratin proteins were correlated with the formation and elaboration of desmosornes during differentiation and stratification of the epithelia.

Keratinization of rat vaginal epithelium. II. Immunofluorescence study on keratin filaments in cycling and estrogen primed rats.

Rat vaginal epithelial layers from animals in different phases of the estrous cycle showed positive immunofluorescence when treated with either monoclonal antibody to intermediate filaments or immunoglobulin G fraction of antiserum raised against epidermal keratin filaments. During estrus, the intensity of fluorescence observed was maximum in the keratinized cellular layers. In estradiol-primed immature and ovariectomized rats the maximum fluorescence intensity was observed in the layers immediately lining the lumen. However, basal layers in ovariectomized rats also showed some fluorescence. Data presented in this communication indicate that the abundance of keratin filaments in vaginal epithelial cells can be modulated by altering the level of estradiol in the system.