Conductas internalizantes y externalizantes en jóvenes universitarios peruanos afectados por violencia familiar / Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in young peruvian university students affected by family violence / Comportamentos internalizando e externalizando em jovens universitários peruanos afetados pela violência familiar

Debido al aislamiento social que se vivió gracias a la pandemia por Covid-19, las horas de convivencia familiar aumentaron en cada hogar, convirtiéndose en un potencial peligro cuando el entorno familiar más cercano está lleno de violencia; esto puede traer diversos problemas a la salud física, psicológica y emocional. Por ello, se buscó identificar los principales tipos de violencia familiar que han experimentado los jóvenes universitarios, distinguir entre las conductas externalizantes e internalizantes como consecuencia de estos eventos adversos, así como conocer la relación estadística entre las variables de estudio. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y con diseño no experimental transversal; la muestra final estuvo constituida por 374 estudiantes de tres universidades de Lima, Perú. Según los hallazgos, la violencia psicológica es la que se presenta con mayor frecuencia, la ansiedad-depresión y el retraimiento son las dos conductas más comunes y los índices de correlación entre las variables son positivos y significativos. Las mujeres presentan más puntaje en las conductas internalizantes, mientras que los varones en las externalizantes; así mismo, se encontró que los más jóvenes presentan más conductas externalizantes. Finalmente, se evidenció la existencia de violencia familiar en los hogares de los jóvenes universitarios, lo cual se ha traducido en diversos tipos de conducta que podrían afectar su salud y también su rendimiento académico.

Due to the social isolation that was experienced thanks to the Covid-19 pandemic, the hours of family life increased in each home, becoming a potential danger when the closest family environment is full of violence; this can bring various problems to physical, psychological and emotional health. Therefore, we sought to identify the main types of family violence that university students have experienced, distinguish between externalizing and internalizing behaviors as a consequence of these adverse events, as well as knowing the statistical relationship between the study variables. The research was a quantitative, correlational and a non-experimental cross-sectional design; the sample consisted of 374 students from three universities in Lima, Peru. According to the findings, psychological violence is the one that occurs most frequently, anxiety-depression and withdrawal are the two most common behaviors and the correlation rates between the variables are positive and significant. Women present higher scores in internalizing behaviors, while men in externalizing ones; Likewise, it was found that the youngest present more externalizing behaviors. The existence of family violence in the homes of university students was evidenced, which has resulted in various types of behavior that could affect their health and also their academic performance.

Conductas internalizantes y externalizantes en jóvenes universitarios peruanos afectados por violencia familiar

Debido al aislamiento social que se vivió gracias a la pandemia por Covid-19, las horas de convivencia familiar aumentaron en cada hogar, convirtiéndose en un potencial peligro cuando el entorno familiar más cercano está lleno de violencia; esto puede traer diversos problemas a la salud física, psicológica y emocional. Por ello, se buscó identificar los principales tipos de violencia familiar que han experimentado los jóvenes universitarios, distinguir entre las conductas externalizantes e internalizantes como consecuencia de estos eventos adversos, así como conocer la relación estadística entre las variables de estudio. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y con diseño no experimental transversal; la muestra final estuvo constituida por 374 estudiantes de tres universidades de Lima, Perú. Según los hallazgos, la violencia psicológica es la que se presenta con mayor frecuencia, la ansiedad-depresión y el retraimiento son las dos conductas más comunes y los índices de correlación entre las variables son positivos y significativos. Las mujeres presentan más puntaje en las conductas internalizantes, mientras que los varones en las externalizantes; así mismo, se encontró que los más jóvenes presentan más conductas externalizantes. Finalmente, se evidenció la existencia de violencia familiar en los hogares de los jóvenes universitarios, lo cual se ha traducido en diversos tipos de conducta que podrían afectar su salud y también su rendimiento académico.

Due to the social isolation that was experienced thanks to the Covid-19 pandemic, the hours of family life increased in each home, becoming a potential danger when the closest family environment is full of violence; this can bring various problems to physical, psychological and emotional health. Therefore, we sought to identify the main types of family violence that university students have experienced, distinguish between externalizing and internalizing behaviors as a consequence of these adverse events, as well as knowing the statistical relationship between the study variables. The research was a quantitative, correlational and a non-experimental cross-sectional design; the sample consisted of 374 students from three universities in Lima, Peru. According to the findings, psychological violence is the one that occurs most frequently, anxiety-depression and withdrawal are the two most common behaviors and the correlation rates between the variables are positive and significant. Women present higher scores in internalizing behaviors, while men in externalizing ones; Likewise, it was found that the youngest present more externalizing behaviors. The existence of family violence in the homes of university students was evidenced, which has resulted in various types of behavior that could affect their health and also their academic performance.

Devido ao isolamento social vivido graças à pandemia de Covid-19, as horas de convívio em família aumentaram em cada casa, tornando-se um perigo potencial quando o ambiente familiar mais próximo está repleto de violência; isso pode trazer diversos problemas para a saúde física, psicológica e emocional. Assim, buscou-se identificar os principais tipos de violência familiar vivenciados por estudantes universitários, distinguir entre comportamentos externalizantes e internalizantes decorrentes desses eventos adversos, bem como conhecer a relação estatística entre as variáveis ​​do estudo. A pesquisa teve abordagem quantitativa, escopo correlacional e delineamento transversal não experimental; a amostra final foi composta por 374 estudantes de três universidades de Lima, Peru. De acordo com os achados, a violência psicológica é a que ocorre com maior frequência, ansiedade-depressão e retraimento são os dois comportamentos mais comuns e os índices de correlação entre as variáveis ​​são positivos e significativos. As mulheres têm pontuações mais altas nos comportamentos internalizantes, enquanto os homens nos externalizantes; Da mesma forma, verificou-se que os mais jovens apresentam mais comportamentos externalizantes. Por fim, evidenciou-se a existência de violência familiar nas residências de estudantes universitários, o que resultou em diversos tipos de comportamento que podem afetar sua saúde e também seu desempenho acadêmico.

Effect of play-based communication and behavior intervention on improving internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of play-based communication and behavior intervention (PCBI) on internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods:From November 2018 to November 2021, 90 ASD children aged 8-30 months who registered in the Child Mental Health Research Center of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for PCBI ultra-early intervention training were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention group( n=60) and the waiting group( n=30) according to the ratio of 2∶1.Behavioral videos of free play between children and caregivers were collected before and after the 12-week intervention and the behavioral observation and analysis system (Observer XT) was used to code the parent-child interaction status and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors.SPSS 23.0 statistical software were used and the data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Results:After the intervention, the children in the intervention group had improved internalizing and externalizing behaviors (2.43±2.22, 1.88±1.91) compared with those before the intervention (4.82±3.37, 3.68±5.68), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.66, 2.60, both P<0.05). The children in the waiting group had no significant difference in internalizing and externalizing behaviors before (4.23±2.47, 4.00±2.18) and after intervention (4.37±2.57, 4.67±3.72) ( t=-0.23, -0.83, both P>0.05). After intervention, the children in the intervention group had fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviors than those in the waiting group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.70, -4.71, both P<0.05). The differences in internalizing behaviors (2.38±3.96, 1.80±5.37) and externalizing behaviors (1.80±5.37, -0.67±4.38) between the two groups before and after the intervention were statistically significant ( t=3.03, 2.18, both P<0.05). The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the negative interaction of caregivers ( β=0.29, P<0.01) was a risk factor for internalizing behaviors.The negative interaction of children ( β=0.45, P<0.01) was a risk factor for externalizing behaviors, and the child's object status ( β=-0.30, P<0.01) and binary interaction ( β=-0.39, P<0.01) were protective factors for externalizing behaviors.In the intervention group, active child interaction, active caregiver interaction, and binary interaction increased after the intervention ( t=-6.77, -4.58, -7.72, all P<0.05), while the child's object status and the caregiver's negative interaction decreased ( t=3.37, 4.30, both P<0.05). Conclusion:The PCBI ultra-early intervention can effectively improve the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of ASD children.Improvements in internalizing behaviors may work by reducing negative caregiver interactions, and improvements in externalizing behaviors may work by increasing parent-child binary interactions.

Afectaciones psicológicas de niños y adolescentes expuestos al conflicto armado en una zona rural de Colombia / Psychological effects on children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict in a rural area of Colombia / Afetações psicológicas de crianças e adolescentes expostos ao conflito armado em uma zona rural da Colômbia

Se determinaron las afectaciones psicológicas de 284 niños y adolescentes expuestos al conflicto armado en una zona rural colombiana, seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio por afijación proporcional. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: la Lista de chequeo de comportamiento infantil, el Auto-reporte de comportamientos de jóvenes, la Lista de síntomas postraumáticos, la Escala de estrategias de afrontamiento para adolescentes y la Escala de resiliencia para escolares. El 72% de la población presentó afectaciones psicológicas: el 64.4%, conductas internalizadas, el 47%, conductas externalizadas en rango clínico. El 32%, problemas somáticos; el 56%, se encontraba en riesgo de estrés postraumático, y el 93% consumía alcohol en grado moderado. La estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada era dejar que las cosas se arreglaran solas. Se encontró una alta necesidad de atención en salud. Ser hombre constituyó un factor de riesgo de depresión, agresión y problemas sociales en los niños. A su vez, tener hasta doce años y estar cursando un grado escolar bajo, lo fue para los síntomas somáticos en adolescentes. Los resultados evidenciaron la afectación en la salud mental de los participantes.

Psychological effects were determined in 284 children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict in a rural area of Colombia, selected through random sampling proportional allocation. The instruments applied were: The Child Behavior Checklist, the Youth Behavior Self-report, the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children, the Coping Scale for Adolescents and the Resilience Scale for School Children. Findings showed that 72% of the population suffers from psychological problems, 64.4 from internalizing behavior and 47% from externalizing behavior within clinical range. It was also found that 32% had somatic problems, 56% were at risk for PTSD and 93% had moderate alcohol consumption. The most frequently used coping strategy was to leave things get fixed by themselves. There was a high need for health care. Being male constituted a risk factor for depression, aggression and social problems in children. In turn, being up to12 years old and a student of a lower grade were risk factors for somatic symptoms in adolescents. Results clearly revealed the impact on mental health of the population under study.

Determinaram-se as afetações psicológicas de 284 crianças e adolescentes expostos ao conflito armado em uma zona rural colombiana, selecionados mediante uma amostragem aleatória. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: a Lista de checagem de comportamento infantil, a autoavaliação de comportamentos de jovens, a Lista de sintomas pós-traumáticos, a Escala de estratégias de enfrentamento para adolescentes e a Escala de resiliência para escolares. 72% da população apresentou afetações psicológicas: 64.4%, condutas internalizadas, 47%, condutas externalizadas. 32%, problemas somáticos; 56%, se encontrava em risco de estresse pós-traumático, e 93% consumia álcool de forma moderada. A estratégia de enfretamento mais utilizada era deixar que as coisas se resolvessem sozinhas. Foi encontrada uma alta necessidade de atenção em saúde. Ser homem constituiu um fator de risco de depressão, agressão e problemas sociais. Ao mesmo tempo que ter até doze anos e estar cursando uma série escolar baixa, foi para os sintomas somáticos em adolescentes. Os resultados evidenciaram a afetação da saúde mental dos participantes.