Acreditaciones internacionales en escuelas de negocios. Una revisión de la literatura

Introducción. Las acreditaciones internacionales han pasado a ser un medio para reflejar las características de las escuelas de negocios a sus grupos de interés. Sin embargo existe aún debate sobre su validez como modelo de calidad, los diferentes estándares entre acreditadoras y la percepción hacia ellas. Por eso se requiere una exploración más detallada, sobre todo desde países en desarrollo. Objetivo. Revisar e identificar los elementos coincidentes en la literatura académica referente a las acreditaciones internacionales, con énfasis en AACSB y EQUIS. Materiales y métodos. A través de una metodología narrativa de revisión de literatura se desagregaron 3025 artículos provenientes de 21 bases de datos e identificado como autores fundamentales Urgel (2007), Hunt (2015), Lejeune (2011) y Shenton (2010), así como información de las acreditaciones AACSB y EQUIS. Resultados. Se presentan elementos repetitivos en la literatura: 1) la dicotomía entre acreditación como medio para obtener reputación o mejorar calidad educativa; 2) agencias acreditadoras y sus estándares, y 3) percepciones del resultado de acreditarse. Conclusiones. El debate sobre calidad o reputación en las Escuelas de Negocios continúa; el énfasis de las acreditadoras recae en internacionalización, desarrollo académico e investigación; y que los resultados positivos de acreditarse, de acuerdo con los grupos de interés, aún no son concluyentes. Se abren temas de investigación en las áreas de énfasis de las acreditadoras y en el contexto que debe hacerse para países en desarrollo donde aún es incipiente la investigación.

Introduction. International accreditations have become a means to reflect the characteristics of business schools to their stakeholders. However, there is still a debate about its validity as a quality model, the different standards between accreditors and the perception towards them. That is why more detailed exploration is required, especially from developing countries. Objective. Review and identify the matching elements in the academic literature regarding international accreditations, with emphasis on AACSB and EQUIS. Materials and methods. Through a narrative methodology of literature review, 3025 articles were disaggregated from 21 databases and identifying as fundamental authors Urgel (2007), Hunt (2015), Lejeune (2011) and Shenton (2010), as well as information on the Accreditations AACSB and EQUIS. Results. Repetitive elements are presented in the literature: 1) the dichotomy between accreditation as a means to obtain reputation or improve educational quality; 2) accreditation agencies and their standards, and 3) perceptions of the result of being accredited. Conclusions. The debate about quality or reputation in Business Schools continues; the emphasis of the accreditation bodies is on internationalization, academic development and research; and positive results of accrediting, according to the interest groups, are still inconclusive. Research topics are opened in the areas of emphasis of the accreditation and in the context that should be done for developing countries where research is still incipient.

Introdução. As acreditações internacionais hão passado a ser um meio para refletir as características das escolas de negócios aos seus grupos de interesse. Embora existe ainda debate sobre sua validade como modelo de qualidade, os diferentes padrões entre certificadoras e a percepção delas. Por isso se requere uma exploração mais detalhada, sobre tudo desde países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo. Revisar e identificar os elementos coincidentes na literatura acadêmica referente as certificações internacionais, com énfasis em AACSB e EQUIS. Materiais e métodos. Através de uma metodologia narrativa de revisão de literatura se separaram 3025 artigos procedentes de 21 bases de dados e identificado como autores fundamentais Urgel (2007), Hunt (2015), Lejeune (2011) e Shenton (2010), assim como informação das certificações AACSB e EQUIS. Resultados. Se apresentam elementos repetitivos na literatura: 1) a dicotomia entre certificação como meio para obter reputação ou melhorar qualidade educativa; 2) agências certificadoras e seus padrões, e 3) percepções do resultado de certificar-se. Conclusões. O debate sobre qualidade ou reputação nas Escolas de Negócios continua; a ênfase das certificadoras recai nas internacionalização, desenvolvimento acadêmico e investigação; e que os resultados positivos de certificar-se, de acordo com os grupos de interesse, ainda não são concluintes. Se abrem assuntos de investigação nas áreas de ênfase das certificadoras e no contexto que deve fazer para países em desenvolvimento onde ainda e incipiente a investigação.

Present undergraduate medical education with connection to Postgraduate education / 医学教育

Medical education at college is the very first step of life-long learning as a medical doctor. Curricular reforms in Japan took place in the early 21st century, and can be exampled by the development of a model core curriculum, the emergence of the CAT (common achievement test) examination, the development of clinical clerkship and so on. The International accreditation of medical schools has just started spring of 2017. It highlights outcome-based education, which accelerates the connection of undergraduate education with postgraduate training.

Recent Trends of Medical Education Reforms in United Kingdom: / 医学教育

Background: Globalization urges us to discuss rationale and policy towards establishing a medical education accrediting body in Japan. Experience of General Medical Council （GMC） suggests us some useful lessons.<br>Method: Based on our visits and investigation into in GMC, we inquire how Quality Assurance （QA） was introduced in UK with what incentives and how QA has brought reforms in the medical schools in UK.<br>Result: Since 2003, GMC has changed its policy for QA from ‘inspection’ to ‘dialogue’. Dialogical QA asks a medical school to think critically of their education and consider vigorous actions for further improvements.<br>Discussion: Implications from the experience of GMC are: 1.QA process in GMC makes medical schools take robust steps towards changes, 2. Sharing the rational and policy for QA created the solid base for its effective implementation, 3. There are possible difficulties in establishing structure to do an enormous amount of coordinating work, which is necessary for constructing ‘dialogue with medical schools’.

Investigation and analysis on current situation of clinical teaching / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the clinical teaching situation by using developmental inspection of School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU-SM),and to put forward some suggestions. Methods By checking questionnaires and informal discussions,the relevant information was collected and analyzed by using SPSS statistics sofware. Results The clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM was basically satisfied.The satisfaction from internship of grade 2004 was better than that of grade 2003.However,some problems in clinical teaching must be improved.Conclusion The investigation showed that the clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM is being improving.However,in order to achieve the international accreditation standards,the quality guarantee system of clinical teaching need to be further perfected.