ABSTRACT
@#Health impact assessment（HIA）is an evidence-based methodology to assess the potential impacts of a policy,program or project and to make recommendations for health improvement. HIA can promote the cooperation between health and non-health sectors,raise the awareness about health in decision-makers,increase the participation of stakeholders and change health inequality. This paper reviews the international studies into HIA from 2000 to 2018,providing reference for HIA development in China.
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An introduction is made to the experiences and trends of EMR-based evaluation of medical care quality in developed countries. The authors held that electronic medical records(EMR)are key technical means and supporting tool for medical care quality management, and quality data source for such evaluation. They recommended that China adapt to international standards in the design and choice of evaluation indicators of medical care quality and engage in international comparisons; integrate various data collection modalities to minimize workload of hospitals in data reporting, and keep elevating hospitals′informationization competence centering on electronic medical records.
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This paper compared the practice and service mode of general practitioners ( GPs) from a selection of typical countries and regions and discovered that GPs from most of the countries were self-employed, with various forms of employment, freedom to practice and work in different institutions;fixed practices were supplemented, and service types were transformed from individual services to the multi-disciplinary team of services. Result: GPs’ free-dom to practice in different institutions requires a certain social environment and circumstances. The multi-disciplina-ry team of practices has become the development direction for the service modes of GPs. GPs have played different roles in establishing the referral system in the health systems of different countries. Consequently, the paper suggests that establishing a diverse and relaxed practice environment to provide conditions for the transformation of the service mode of GPs. The construction of a multi-disciplinary team to promote changes in community service modes was must be strengthened. Health insurance regulations should be encouraged to establish the gatekeeper system and realize a grading of systems. Social capital should be encouraged to organize general medical services to promote the develop-ment of the health care industry.
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On the basis of drawing on recently published literature on international medical tourism, this paper comprehensively summarizes the effects thereof on driving economic growth, expanding employment and improving in-ternational competitive power, analyzes the main driving forces for the international medical tourism development and the experiences from Thailand, India, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, etc. According to China’s advantages and dis-advantages and learning from the international experience, this paper proposes suggestions to develop China’s interna-tional medical tourism, including an improvement to the management system, formulating international medical tourism development strategies, building brand characteristics with traditional Chinese medicine, constructing ‘Ex-perimental and Leading Area’ , and promoting international certification for the medical institutions and services.
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This paper overviewed typical government compensation sources and practices for public hospitals in the world.Government compensation should be made based on regional health planning,while the central government shoulders greater compensation responsibility.The fee-for-case mix is found to be the best incentive The government adjusts its funding baselines for different hospitals to adjust the compensation.In view of the compensation for public hospitals in China,the paper analyzed the enlightenments and lessons from international experiences The authors recommend an evolution from the pattern of compensation per person/per bed,to payment by service unit or volume(for example,per outpatient or emergency visit and days of stay),and in the end to that of payment per disease.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the international experiences on essential medicine policy and to provide useful reference for the establishing and improving of essential medicine policy in China.METHODS:The practice and experiences on essential medicine policy of countries at different level of national income were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Experiences from Austria,India,South Africa and Zimbabwe etc suggest that a good strategy to improve the availability of essential medici-nes should give priority consideration to the pharmaceutical system and develop essential medicine policy on the basis of a holistic framework including essential formulary as well as rational pricing and reimbursement systems.