ABSTRACT
Background: The Inca bone is integral part of the occipital bone of the skull in its interparietal region andappears during radiological examination of the skull.Aim of the work: This study aimed to estimate the incidence rates and variations of interparietal (Inca) andpreinterparietal bones in adult human Egyptian skulls .Materials and methods: In the present study 60 dry human Egyptian skulls (37 males and 23 females) wereexamined to determine the incidence rates of Inca and preinterparietal bones with detailed measurements forInca bone in mm using electronic digital caliber.Results: The incidence rates of Inca and preinterparietal bones were higher in male skulls than female skulls andthe interparietal or Inca bone was observed in only 4 skulls ( 6.66% ) while the preinterparietal bone wasobserved only in 2 skulls ( 3.33 %) .Conclusion: The presence of the Inca and preinterparietal bones was rare in the human Egyptian skulls andtheir incidence rates were higher in male skulls .
ABSTRACT
Background: The occipital bone develops partly in cartilage and partly in membrane. The squamous part of occipital bone between two parietal bones occasionally presents a separate bones which are termed as inca, pre-interparietal bone or interparietal bone. Aims & Objective: (1) To determine the incidence of interparietal bone in skulls of Gujarat region. (2) To study different anomalies of interparietal bone and compare it with other studies. Material and Methods: Total 289 dried macerated skulls from Gujarat region were studied for incidence and type of interparietal bone anomaly. Results: Out of total 289 skulls interparietal bone was found in 23 bones giving incidence of 7.96%. Eight different varieties of interparietal bone anomalies were found and noted. Conclusion: Different anomalies of interparietal bone can be easily interpreted using the knowledge of ossification of interparietal part of occipital bone. Pre-interparietal bone is a misnomer and should not be reported separately.
ABSTRACT
Introduction : The squamous portion of the occipital bone consists of two different parts: the upper interparietal and the lower supraoccipital. The interparietal part may remain separated from the supraoccipital by a suture; it is then called the interparietal or Inca bone. Aim : In this study, incidence of interparietal bone has been estimated and compared with the other observations. Methodology : Total 105 cadaveric dry human skulls were examined to determine incidence of interparietal bone. Observations : The skulls which were observed, displayed many variations in the occipital region. In 7 cases, single or multiple separated bones were observed. In 4 cases (3.81%), the lower edge of these additional bones was situated above the external occipital protuberance and such bones could be classified as interparietal bones. In 3 cases (2.86%), the lower edge of these additional bones was much higher (between the lambda region and the highest nuchal line). The later can be classified as preinterparietal. Importance : Knowledge of interparietal bone is important for the radiologists, neurosurgeons, anthropologists, orthopedics and forensic experts to avoid misdiagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Inadequate ossification of the interparietal region induces the appearance of interparietal and wormian bones, also associated with genetic factors. The formation of the interparietal bone depends on the separation of the intermediate segment from the lateral plate by the transverse occipital suture, which means that this bone is formed by the medial and lateral plates. Wormian interparietal bones or epactal bones are located within the interparietal region, being single or multiple, and are located in the upper central region of the interparietal region, the sutural bones, however, are formed from additional ossification centers that can occur in near sutures. The aim of this work was to macroscopically evaluated the presence of changes in the structure of the adult human occipital bone in cadavers found in the human anatomy laboratory of the Goißs Federal University in order to determine the frequency of supernumerary bones associated with occipital and parietal bones and relate it to literature, as well as to provide images and data for ethnic studies in the Brazilian population and data that could help medical practices such as fetal position and radiographs. Our data have indicated that the frequency of the interparietal bone of 1.92 percent is among those seen in countries such as Japan, Bulgaria, Nigeria, India and Turkey, but lower than values found in pre-Hispanics Chileans; however, for the sutural bones, the frequency of this study was higher than other data obtained from Spanish and other Brazilians.
La osificación inadecuada de la región interparietal induce a la aparición de los huesos interparietal y wormiano, asociado también con factores genéticos. La formación del hueso interparietal depende de la separación del segmento intermedio desde la placa lateral por la sutura occipital transversal, lo que significa que este hueso se forma por las placas medial y lateral. Los huesos interparietales wormianos o hueso epactal se encuentram dentro de la región interparietal, siendo únicos o múltiples, y se localizan en la región central superior de la zona interparietal. Los huesos suturales, sin embargo, se forman de centros de osificación adicionales que pueden aparece cerca de estas suturas. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue evaluar macroscópicamente la presencia de variaciones en la estructura del hueso occipital en cadáveres humanos, adultos encontrados en el Laboratorio de Anatomía Humana de la Universidad Federal de Goiás, con la finalidad de determinar la frecuencia de los huesos supernumerarios asociados con los huesos parietal y occipital. Además, comparamos estos datos con los descritos enla literatura y, aportamos imágenes y datos para estudios étnicos en la población Brasileña. Estos datos pueden ayudar en las prácticas médicas como la posición fetal y radiografías. Nuestros datos indicaron que la frecuencia del hueso interparietal fue de 1,92 por ciento y se encuentra en países como Japón, Bulgaria, Nigeria, India y Turquía, pero inferior a los valores encontrados en chilenos prehispánicos. Sin embargo, para los huesos suturales, la frecuencia de este estudio fue superior a otros datos obtenidos de españoles y otros estudios realizados en individuos brasileños.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occipital Bone/anatomy & histology , Occipital Bone/abnormalities , Parietal Bone/anatomy & histology , Parietal Bone/abnormalities , Brazil , Cadaver , Cranial Sutures , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
El hueso interparietal se considera un hueso intercalar originado de centros independientes de osificación y rodeado por sus propias suturas. Se encontró en fósiles homínidos y humanos tempranos. Se cree que el occipucio sufre transformaciones por mutaciones al iniciarse la evolución humana reforzando esta teoría las variaciones suturales que presenta el occipital. Sería un rasgo genéticamente dominante, propuesta ratificada por estudios experimentales. Se observa con variadas formas según la fusión de los núcleos de osificación, por lo que todos los huesos ubicados en la zona de la escama del occipital no se pueden clasificar como suturales o wormianos y deben considerarse como parte del hueso interparietal. Tratando de confirmar la alta frecuencia obtenida en investigaciones anteriores realizadas en cráneos de individuos originarios del norte de Chile, se analizaron 83 cráneos de atacamenos prehispánicos de ambos sexos, seleccionados al azar entre 293 individuos exhumados del cementerio Coyo-Oriente, datados entre 300-1200 D.C período post-Tiwanaku y que forman parte del Museo R.P. Gustavo Le Paige en San Pedro de Atacama, dependiente del Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas de la Universidad Católica del Norte, que fueron fotografiados en todas sus normas anatómicas y que se midieron paras obtener el índice craneal o cefálico. El hueso interparietal está presente en 23 de 83 cráneos, con una frecuencia de 27,71 por ciento, sin diferencias estadísticas significativas al 95 por ciento con investigaciones realizadas en cráneos de origen étnico similar y en otras etnias que presentan alta frecuencia de hueso interparietal. Por el contrario, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al 95 por ciento con frecuencias determinadas en cráneos europeos caucásicos y euroasiáticos. Los autores integraron las tablas clasificatorias de Kadanoff y Hanihara-Ishida, para obtener una tabla modificada que permitiera clasificar ...
The interparietal bone is considered an intercalary bone originated by independent ossification centers and surrounded by its own sutures. It is found in early hominids and human fossils. It is believed that the occipital bone undergoes transformations by mutations at the beginning of human evolution. Reinforcing this theory are the suture variations that presents the occipital bone. It would be a dominant genetic characteristic, proposal ratified by experimental studies. It is observed with varied forms according to the fusion of the ossification nuclei; reason why all the bones located in the zone of the occipital flake cannot be classified as sutures or wormians and must be considered part of the interparietal bone. Trying to confirm the high frequency obtained in previous investigations realized in skulls of original individuals of the north of Chile, we analyzed 83 skulls of pre-Hispanic atácamenos (lican antai) of both sexes, selected at random between 293 individuals of the Coyo-Orient cementery, dated between 300-1200 A.C, post-Tiwanaku period and these remains are part of R.P Gustavo Le Paige's Museum in San Pedro de Atacama, which is part of the Institute of Archaeological Investigations of the North Catholic University. The remains were photographed in all anatomical norms and that were measured to obtain the cranial or cephalic Index. The interparietal bone is present in 23 of 83 skulls, with a frequency of 27.71 percent, without significant statistical differences to 95 percent with investigations realized in skulls of similar ethnic origin and other ethnic groups who present high frequency of interparietal bone. On the contrary, statistically significant differences to 95 percent were found with frequencies determined in caucasian and euroasiatics european skulls. The authors integrated the classificatory tables of Kadanoff and Hanihara-Ishida, to obtain a modified table that allowed to classify all the found variations ...