ABSTRACT
Este artículo describe el protocolo para evaluar intervenciones con adolescentes expuestos a violencia interpersonal y sigue los lineamientos de CONSORT (Shulz et al., 2010). El objetivo es evaluar la efectividad de dos modelos de intervención grupal (Terapia Cognitivo Conductual Centrada en el Trauma, TF-CBT y Terapia Interpersonal, IPT) en la estabilización del funcionamiento psicosocial de adolescentes. Método. Este es un ensayo controlado aleatorizado con tres grupos: dos grupos de intervención (TF-CBT e IPT) y un grupo de control activo (arteterapia). Los participantes serán 84 adolescentes entre 13 a 17 años que están en lista de programas especializados. Los participantes serán asignados a uno de los tres grupos y participarán en 12 sesiones de terapia grupal. Se evaluará el progreso de los participantes en sintomatología de estrés postraumático y depresión, problemas de autorregulación e interpersonales. Las medidas se administrarán antes del inicio de la intervención, en sesiones seis, siete, doce y dos meses después de finalizada la intervención. También se evaluará la adherencia a la intervención y su aceptabilidad por parte de los participantes. Discusión. Este estudio busca contribuir al desarrollo de intervenciones basadas en evidencia en Chile para mejorar el acceso a la intervención especializada. Registro del protocolo: 19/05/2021, código ISRCTN10290141.
This paper describes the protocol developed in Chile to evaluate interventions for adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence and follows CONSORT guidelines (Shulz et al., 2010). The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of two group intervention models (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy) in stabilising the psychosocial functioning of adolescent participants. Methods/Design. It is a randomised controlled trial with three groups: two intervention groups (TF-CBT and IPT) and an active control group (art therapy). The participants will be eighty-four adolescents between 13 to 17 years old on the waiting list for treatment in specialist trauma services. Participants will be assigned to one of three groups and participate in 12 group therapy sessions. Participants' progress in post-traumatic stress and depression symptomatology, self-regulation and interpersonal problems will be assessed. Measures will be administered before the start of the intervention, in sessions six, seven, twelve and two months after the end of the intervention. Adherence to the intervention and its acceptability by the participants will also be evaluated. Discussion. This study seeks to contribute to developing scalable, evidence-based interventions in the Chilean context to improve access to specialist intervention. Trial Registration. 19/05/2021, code ISRCTN10290141.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Violence , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Chile , Pilot Projects , Interpersonal PsychotherapyABSTRACT
Este estudo visa descrever as percepções sobre violência na universidade em uma comunidade acadêmica com base em relatos sobre violências ocorridas em um campus universitário. Entrevistas qualitativas foram realizadas com 17 informantes-chave, assim considerados pelos papéis desempenhados na comunidade: estudantes, professores e funcionários, em cargos de gestão e/ou de representação. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas em seu conteúdo, e referências discursivas recorrentes permitiram identificar os tipos de violência em cinco categorias de acordo com a experiência dos participantes: trote; violência em função de gênero ou raça; assédio moral; violência institucional; e outros tipos de violência. As violências na universidade são diversas; conhecê-las permite oferecer subsídios para melhorar as respostas institucionais já existentes ou criar formas de enfrentamento.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio es describir las percepciones sobre violencia en la universidad en una comunidad académica a partir de relatos sobre violencias ocurridas en un campus universitario. Se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas con diecisiete informantes-clave, considerados de tal forma por los papeles desempeñados en la comunidad: estudiantes, profesores y empleados, en cargos de gestión y/o de representación. Las entrevistas se transcribieron y analizaron en su contenido y referencias discursivas recurrentes permitieron identificar los tipos de violencia en cinco categorías, de acuerdo con la experiencia de los participantes: novatadas, violencia en función de género o raza, acoso moral, violencia institucional y otros tipos de violencia. Las violencias en la universidad son diversas, conocerlas permite ofrecer subsidios para mejorar las respuestas institucionales ya existentes o crear formas de enfrentamiento.(AU)
This study aims to understand the perceptions of violence at the university in an academic community from the reports of its occurrence on a university campus. Seventeen qualitative interviews were carried out with key informants: students, lecturers, and staff members who had a manager position or representation in the collegiate. The interviews were transcribed, and their content analyzed. It was possible to identify the types of violence into five categories, according to the participants' experience and their recurrent discursive references. They are: hazing, gender or race-based violence, moral harassment, institutional violence, and other kinds of violence. The acts of violence in the university are varied and to know them offers subsidies to improve the institutional responses or create news forms of facing it.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Universities , Ethics, Institutional , Bullying/classification , Exposure to Violence , Brazil , Qualitative Research , Racism , Gender-Based ViolenceABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Violence research has prioritized stress as a consequence, even though it would be suggested that it could be considered as a trigger for violent behavior; additionally, there are no models in Colombia from an empirical-analytical perspective that demonstrate which are the psychosocial factors that allow predicting interpersonal violence. Objective To determine from the structural-equations model (SEM) the extent to which variables such as family conflict, in association with the perception of stress and coping strategies, predict the presence of violent behavior. Method Cross-sectional descriptive-correlational investigation, with multivariate analysis. Results The SEM obtained reports that the average of expressions of violence in the family, family conflict, perceived stress, and coping strategies explain the variance of violence by 68%, with optimal adjustment goodness of fit indicators. Discussion and conclusion The situations of family conflict and the expression of manifestations of violence of any kind in the family scenario, added to stress of people can seem to trigger, if there are no adequate coping resources, the intention to inflict harm on people or things that are immersed in such contexts. However, it is necessary to develop new studies, in order to consolidate the explanatory potential of the formulated model.
Resumen Introducción La investigación en violencia ha priorizado el estrés como una consecuencia, aun cuando se podría considerar como factor desencadenante de las conductas violentas; adicionalmente, no existen modelos en Colombia desde una mirada empírico-analítica que evidencien cuáles son los factores psicosociales que, aunados a la dinámica familiar, permitan predecir la violencia. Objetivo Determinar a partir de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (MEE) en qué medida variables como la conflictividad familiar, el estrés y las estrategias de afrontamiento predicen el comportamiento violento. Método Investigación descriptivo-correlacional, transversal, con análisis multivariado. Resultados El MEE obtenido reporta que la sumatoria de expresiones de violencia en la familia, la percepción de conflicto familiar, el estrés y algunas estrategias de afrontamiento explican la varianza de la violencia en un 68%, con indicadores de bondad de ajuste óptimos. Discusión y conclusión El conflicto familiar y las manifestaciones expresas de violencia de cualquier tipo en el escenario familiar, sumadas al estrés de las personas, pueden desencadenar, si no se cuenta con los recursos de afrontamiento adecuados, la intención de infligir daño hacia las personas o cosas inmersas en dichos contextos. Sin embargo, es preciso el desarrollo de nuevos estudios para consolidar el potencial explicativo del modelo formulado.
ABSTRACT
@# This study aims to assess the feasibility of transferring the Aboriginal Family Wellbeing empowerment program (FWB) from a Papua New Guinea (PNG) tertiary setting to broader community contexts to address the problem of endemic interpersonal violence and to generate pilot data to inform future community wellbeing interventions in PNG. Levels of wellbeing among a convenience sample of 100 participants recruited from Bereina station, Kairuku- Hiri District and other parts of the National Capital District and Central Province were assessed using a cross-sectional survey with an anonymous self- administered questionnaire. Follow-up FWB pilot workshops conducted in Bereina station for participants in the wellbeing survey used standardised FWB workshop evaluation questionnaires to obtain community feedback on the relevance of the program. Up to one in four females and over half of males who completed the survey reported being a victim of actual or threatened violence in the last 12 months. In terms of wellbeing, participants were least satisfied with their standards of living and most satisfied with spirituality. Workshop participants could see that FWB has the potential to address community concerns, including interpersonal violence, as it provides a process for identifying basic community needs and introduces skills to address conflict. The challenges and opportunities involved in sustaining such programs at community levels are highlighted.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Alcohol use in adolescents is one of the major health problems in many countries.Understanding the extent of the problem andrelated health risk behaviors is necessary to help prevent the associated behaviors andprovide appropriate intervention. This study aimed to identify alcohol use in adolescents and its correlation with others health risk behaviors. Methods: A total of 4372 participants, aged 13-18 years old were enrolled. The data were collected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling methods from secondary and vocational schools. A web-based questionnaire using the Thai Youth Risk Behavior Survey, modified from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, was administered. Results: The prevalence of lifetime alcohol exposure was 28.32%, of which 815 participants (18.64%) reported current alcohol use. Adolescents with older age (odds ratio, OR=4.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.15-5.87), male gender (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.23-3.09), and attendance at vocational schools (OR=7.87, 95% CI = 6.66-9.31) were associated with current alcohol use. When adjusted for confounding variables, health risk behaviors including interpersonal violence, cyber bullying, risky sexual behaviors, tobacco and marijuana use, and suicidal behaviors were associated with current alcohol use from the multiple logistic regression (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that a number of adolescents in Northern Thailand are currently using alcohol, and this can influence other health risk behaviors. Efforts to prevent and control alcohol use needs to focus on high-risk groups and among those currently using alcohol.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de uma intervenção para prevenção à violência no namoro sobre intenções de enfrentamento a esse tipo de violência, dificuldades em regulação das emoções e endosso a normas tradicionais de papéis de gênero masculino. Participaram 45 adolescentes, alocados não randomicamente em um grupo experimental (N = 21) e um grupo controle (N = 24). A intervenção compreendeu nove sessões focadas em informações sobre violência no namoro, habilidades sociais, tomada de decisão, papéis de gênero, direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e empoderamento. Análises intra e entre grupos revelaram redução significativa em crenças que apoiam a restrição emocional como característica masculina no grupo experimental, ao passo que intenções de enfrentamento à violência no namoro e regulação emocional não sofreram mudanças significativas em nenhum dos grupos. Contudo, avaliações qualitativas evidenciaram a prática extrassessão de habilidades de autocontrole e expressão emocional, assertividade e empatia. Novos estudos, principalmente longitudinais, são recomendados para elucidar esses resultados.
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of a dating violence prevention intervention on intentions of coping with this type of violence, difficulties in regulating emotions and endorsement of traditional male gender norms. There were 45 adolescent participants, not randomly placed in an experimental group (N = 21) and a control group (N = 24). The intervention encompassed nine sessions focused on information about dating violence, social skills, decision making, sexual and reproductive rights, and empowerment. Analyses intra and between groups had shown significant reduction in beliefs that supported emotional restriction as a masculinity characteristic in the experimental group, whereas the intentions of coping with dating violence and emotional regulation had not suffered significant changes in any of the Groups. However, qualitative evaluations had evidenced the external practice of self-control and emotional expression skills, assertiveness and empathy. New studies, mainly longitudinal, are recommended to elucidate these results.
Resumen Este estudio evaluó los efectos de una intervención para la prevención a la violencia en el noviazgo sobre cómo hacer frente a tales intenciones de violencia, dificultades en la regulación de las emociones y aprobación de normas tradicionales de roles de género masculino. Participaron 45 adolescentes, no asignados no aleatoriamente en un grupo experimental (N = 21) y un grupo de control (N = 24). La intervención consistió en nueve sesiones que se centraron en información sobre violencia en el noviazgo, habilidades sociales, toma de decisiones, roles de género, derechos sexuales y reproductivos y en la potenciación. Análisis intra y entre grupos revelaron una reducción significativa en las creencias que apoyan la restricción emocional como característica masculina en el grupo experimental, mientras que las intenciones de enfrentamiento a la violencia en el noviazgo y la regulación emocional no sufrieron cambios significativos en ninguno de los grupos. Pese a eso, las evaluaciones cualitativas mostraron la práctica externa al período de las sesiones de habilidades de autocontrol y expresión emocional, asertividad y empatía. Son recomendados nuevos estudios, principalmente longitudinales, para esclarecer estos resultados.
ABSTRACT
The violence behavior is a kind of aggressive behaviors or attempt to hurt another person psychologically,physically or in other forms.Recently,violent incidents occur more and more frequently,and especially among teenagers.A number of concerns on violence continue to rise,and interpersonal violence is the most concerned type.Perpetrators are violence implementers who determine the occurrence and outcome of violence.Many studies provided the risk factors of interpersonal violence,that expounds the influence of personal level,interpersonal relationship,community background and social factors of interpersonal violence.The establishment of the socioecological risk-factor structural model which focuses on the perpetrators' indi vidual,is of great significance for the effective intervention for interpersonal violence.
ABSTRACT
WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva.There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99).Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.
ABSTRACT
WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva. There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99). Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.
ABSTRACT
El propósito de este estudio fue analizar posibles factores asociados a violencia interpersonal en un grupo de 955 estudiantes, con edades entre 6 y 16 años, de cinco instituciones educativas de Tunja; la investigación no experimental de tipo descriptivo, evalúa variables relacionadas con violencia familiar y escolar, a partir de una lista Chequeo sobre violencia interpersonal y entrevistas a estudiantes, padres y docentes. Dentro de los resultados, se encontró que 103 sujetos reportaron ser víctimas de algún tipo de violencia, siendo más frecuente en mujeres la familiar y en hombres la escolar; respecto al tipo de familia, los datos no son concluyentes; sin embargo, se reportó más en la compuesta. La violencia escolar, fue la más reportada.
The purpose of this study was to analyze possible factors related to interpersonal violence in a group of 955 students, ages 6 to 16 years, of five educational institutions of Tunja, the non-experimental research and descriptive, evaluate variables related to family violence and school from a check list of interpersonal violence and interviews with students, parents and teachers. Within the results, we found that 103 subjects reported being victims of some form of violence, being more common in women in the family and the school men, about the kind of family, the data are inconclusive, however, reported more in the compound, in any case of school violence, was the most reported.